Chapter 5 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199911964958211 2[1]
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Transcript of Chapter 5 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199911964958211 2[1]
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Chapter 5 Learning
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What is Learning? Learning: a (relatively) permanent
change in behavior.
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Wundt Studied images, sensations, feelings
“introspectionists”
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Classical Conditioning
Stimulus Reflex
Food (US) Salivation (UR)
Puff of air Eye Blink
ColdVasoconstriction
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Classical Conditioning
Food Salivation
(US) (Elicits UR)
Food + Bell Salivation
US + CS Elicits UR
Bell Salivation
Elicits CR
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Classical Conditioning
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Classical ConditioningSecond order conditioning
Bell + Salivation
Salivation
Will previous pairing make conditioning stronger or weaker?
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Classical Conditioning Stimulus Generalization
Stimulus Discrimination
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Extinction
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Spontaneous Recovery
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Physiological Reactions
Electric Shock Increase in BP
US UR
E.S. + Light Increase in BP
Light Increase in BP
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Treatment
Drinking Pleasant Flgs UCS UCR
Antibuse + Alcohol Nausea UCS + CS UCR
Alcohol Nausea
?? CS, UCS, UR, CR??
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Operant Conditioning Grew out of Watson Taste aversion
Class Cond Op CondElicits reflex Emits a behaviorForms Association Reward givenResponds after presentation Response before any
reward
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Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning occurs when an organism
operates on its environment to produce a change.
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Operant ConditioningLaw of Effect (Thorndike)
Behavior that is rewarded is repeated Behavior that is not rewarded dies out
So, have we learned all of our behaviors because they have been rewarded?
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Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
Behavior that is reinforced tends to be repeated
Behavior that is not reinforced tends to die out.
Tested in the Skinner Box
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Operant Conditioning Reinforcement increases the frequency of
response Positive reinforcers: presented after the target
response Negative reinforcers: withdrawn or taken away
after the target response has been made.
[next]
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Operant Conditioning
Primary reinforcers (food, warmth, sex) satisfy basic biological needs.
Secondary (conditioned) reinforcers (money, toys, praise) are associated with primary reinforces.
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Positive Reinforcers Negative Reinforcers
Regardless of direction, reinforcers make behavior more likely
Operant Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning Shaping Systematic desensitization
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Autoshaping
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Learned Helplessness
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Operant Conditioning–Schedules of reinforcement
Interval = time Fixed-interval = reinforcement after a
certain amount of time Variable interval = reinforcement after
varying time interval. Ratio = number of responses
Fixed-ratio Variable ratio
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Operant Conditioning–Schedules of reinforcement
Partial vs continuous reinforcement
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Counterconditioning CS (fear) + UCS (cookies) CR is now happy chewing instead of
fear/crying Making kids laugh instead of pout
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Punishment
A punishment decreases the rate of response