Chapter 3: Chapter 3: Early Civilizations in India & Early Civilizations in India &

ChinaChina

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley Summary:Summary:

Archaeologists uncovered remains of India’s first Archaeologists uncovered remains of India’s first civilization in the civilization in the IndusIndus River valley River valley

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley

The The Indus RiverIndus River valley is located on valley is located on the the subcontinentsubcontinent of of India in South AsiaIndia in South Asia High mountain High mountain

ranges separate ranges separate India from other India from other landslands

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley Three major regions in Three major regions in

India include:India include: A well-watered A well-watered

northern plainnorthern plain A dry central plateau A dry central plateau

((Deccan PlateauDeccan Plateau)) Coastal plainsCoastal plains

Its huge size and varied Its huge size and varied geography have made geography have made India hard to uniteIndia hard to unite

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley Winds called Winds called monsoonsmonsoons bring rain every bring rain every

summersummer When there is not enough rain, people cannot grow When there is not enough rain, people cannot grow

cropscrops When there is too much rain, rivers such as the When there is too much rain, rivers such as the

GangesGanges rise in deadly floods rise in deadly floods

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley

The first Indian civilization arose in the The first Indian civilization arose in the Indus Indus ValleyValley about 2500 B.C., but archeologists did about 2500 B.C., but archeologists did not uncover it until 1922not uncover it until 1922 Many of its cities remain undiscoveredMany of its cities remain undiscovered

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley

Scientists have found writing samples, but Scientists have found writing samples, but they do not yet understand themthey do not yet understand them As a result we do not know much about this As a result we do not know much about this

civilizationcivilization We do know that the We do know that the IndusIndus ValleyValley civilization civilization

was larger than any other at the timewas larger than any other at the time

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley

The cities of the The cities of the IndusIndus ValleyValley civilization civilization were well-plannedwere well-planned Most people of the civilization were farmersMost people of the civilization were farmers

They were the first to grow cotton and weave it into They were the first to grow cotton and weave it into clothcloth

The merchants of the The merchants of the Indus ValleyIndus Valley civilization traveled civilization traveled to Sumer to trade their goods to Sumer to trade their goods

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley

Around 1750 B.C., Around 1750 B.C., Indus ValleyIndus Valley civilization civilization began to began to declinedecline, or become weaker, or become weaker We do not know exactly why this happenedWe do not know exactly why this happened

In the end, nomadic warriors called In the end, nomadic warriors called AryansAryans conquered conquered the the Indus ValleyIndus Valley

Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley

The Northern The Northern PlainPlain

The Deccan The Deccan PlateauPlateau

The Coastal PlainsThe Coastal Plains

-Himalaya Mtns. -Himalaya Mtns. In the NEIn the NE-Hindu Kush -Hindu Kush Mtns. In NWMtns. In NW-2 sacred rivers: -2 sacred rivers: Indus R. and Indus R. and Ganges R.Ganges R.-Fertile land-Fertile land

-Triangular shape-Triangular shape-No major rivers-No major rivers-Land too dry for -Land too dry for farmingfarming-Small population-Small population

-Eastern & -Eastern & Western Ghats Western Ghats (Mtns.)(Mtns.)-Flat land along -Flat land along coastscoasts-Fishing & trading-Fishing & trading-Rain & rivers -Rain & rivers provide water for provide water for farmingfarming

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

Summary:Summary: AryansAryans warriors invaded India and developed a warriors invaded India and developed a

new civilizationnew civilization

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

The The AryansAryans were a warrior group that moved were a warrior group that moved across Asiaacross Asia Early Early AryansAryans did not build cities and left few did not build cities and left few

artifactsartifacts Around 1500 B.C., they conquered the Around 1500 B.C., they conquered the Indus ValleyIndus Valley

civilization civilization

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

The The AryansAryans gradually mixed with the people gradually mixed with the people they conquered and learned new waysthey conquered and learned new ways They settled in villages to farm and raise cattleThey settled in villages to farm and raise cattle

About 800 B.C., the About 800 B.C., the AryansAryans learned how to make tools learned how to make tools and weapons out of ironand weapons out of iron

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

With iron weapons the With iron weapons the AryansAryans carved out carved out more territory in the more territory in the Ganges Ganges River basinRiver basin Soon cities ruled by chiefs called Soon cities ruled by chiefs called RajahsRajahs arose arose

By 500 B.C., the By 500 B.C., the AryansAryans had built a new Indian had built a new Indian civilizationcivilization

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

Most of what we know about the Most of what we know about the AryansAryans comes from a collection of writings called the comes from a collection of writings called the VedasVedas The period from 1500 B.C. to 500 B.C., the The period from 1500 B.C. to 500 B.C., the Vedic Vedic

AgeAge, is named for those writings , is named for those writings

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

According to the According to the VedasVedas, the , the AryansAryans were were warriors who loved food, music, and chariot warriors who loved food, music, and chariot racingracing They organized people into social classes by They organized people into social classes by

occupationoccupation or job type or job type

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

This was the beginning of the This was the beginning of the caste systemcaste system Under this system, people stayed in the social class Under this system, people stayed in the social class

into which they were borninto which they were born

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges

Like the Like the VedasVedas, stories called , stories called epicsepics have been have been told and retold over thousands of yearstold and retold over thousands of years The The epicsepics also give us information about the lives also give us information about the lives

and beliefs of the early and beliefs of the early AryansAryans They tell stories of families, wars, and loveThey tell stories of families, wars, and love

The The AryansAryans used used epicsepics to teach values and lessons about how to teach values and lessons about how people should behavepeople should behave

Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the GangesBrahmins

priests

Kshatriyaswarriors

VaisyasHerders, farmers, merchants, craftspeople

SudrasFarm workers, servants, laborers

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China Summary:Summary:

Early Chinese people developed a complex Early Chinese people developed a complex civilizationcivilization

They made many advances in learning and in the They made many advances in learning and in the artsarts

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China China covers a huge area, but until recent China covers a huge area, but until recent

times most people lived only along the east times most people lived only along the east coast or in the river valleyscoast or in the river valleys China is surrounded by mountains, jungles, China is surrounded by mountains, jungles,

deserts, and an oceandeserts, and an ocean Therefore, China was more Therefore, China was more isolatedisolated, or cut off, from , or cut off, from

the rest of the world than other early civilizationthe rest of the world than other early civilization

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China Chinese civilization arose around the Chinese civilization arose around the Huang HeHuang He

and and YangziYangzi river valleys river valleys About 1650 B.C., a Chinese people called the About 1650 B.C., a Chinese people called the ShangShang

gained control of part of northern Chinagained control of part of northern China During the During the ShangShang dynasty, kings controlled only a small dynasty, kings controlled only a small

amount of landamount of land

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China Groups of families called Groups of families called clansclans controlled controlled

most of the landmost of the land Merchants and craftspeople earned a living in the Merchants and craftspeople earned a living in the

citiescities However, most people were peasants who lived in However, most people were peasants who lived in

farming villagesfarming villages

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China In 1027 B.C., the In 1027 B.C., the ZhouZhou people overthrew the people overthrew the

ShangShang and set up their own dynasty and set up their own dynasty The The ZhouZhou told the people that the gods had told the people that the gods had

become angry with the become angry with the ShangShang and now had chosen and now had chosen the the ZhouZhou to rule to rule

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China The right to rule was The right to rule was

called the called the Mandate Mandate of Heavenof Heaven, or the , or the divine right to ruledivine right to rule From that time on, From that time on,

each new dynasty each new dynasty would claim the would claim the Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China The Chinese made progress in many areas The Chinese made progress in many areas

during the during the ShangShang and and ZhouZhou periods periods They developed a complex religionThey developed a complex religion The Chinese created a system of writing The Chinese created a system of writing

and made the first booksand made the first books

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China They learned to produce bronze and They learned to produce bronze and

made detailed figuresmade detailed figures They learned to produce silk thread They learned to produce silk thread

from the cocoons of silkwormsfrom the cocoons of silkworms The Chinese also studies astronomy, The Chinese also studies astronomy,

recoding eclipses of the sun and recoding eclipses of the sun and inventing an accurate calendarinventing an accurate calendar

Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in ChinaGeneration goby, New Dynastybecomes...

New Dynasty claims Mandateof Heaven

New Dynasty-brings peace-protects people-Rebuilds infrastructure

Old Dynasty-Unfair treatment-Taxes-No protection-Infrastructure fails

Old Dynastyloses Mandateof Heaven

-Revolution-Invasion

The Dynastic Cycle