Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Early Civilizations in India and Early Civilizations in India and

ChinaChina

Global History IGlobal History I

Mr. SchoffMr. Schoff

Write any features of China that you see here…Write any features of China that you see here…you have 30 seconds…you have 30 seconds…

Write any features of China that you see Write any features of China that you see here…you have 30 seconds…here…you have 30 seconds…

OAOA

How has geography influenced India? How has geography influenced India? Chapter 3 Section 1Chapter 3 Section 1

IntroductionIntroduction

25002500 B.C. – 1 B.C. – 1stst civilization in India civilization in India arose in Indus River Valleyarose in Indus River Valley– Carefully planned cities of Carefully planned cities of HarappaHarappa and and

Mohenjo-DaroMohenjo-Daro

Mountains protected them, but Mountains protected them, but Aryans overran them anywayAryans overran them anyway– Formed new Indian civilizationFormed new Indian civilization

Introduction continuedIntroduction continued

20002000 B.C. – Chinese civilization emerged along B.C. – Chinese civilization emerged along river valleys and the east coast of Chinariver valleys and the east coast of ChinaDesert and Desert and mountainmountain barriers caused them to barriers caused them to grow independentlygrow independentlyMade advances in Made advances in astronomyastronomy and learned to and learned to make books and make books and silksilkBoth – religion was important, developed Both – religion was important, developed metalworking and system of metalworking and system of writingwriting

Regions Regions Indian Indian subcontinentsubcontinent divided into three divided into three major zonesmajor zones– Well-watered northern Well-watered northern plainplain, dry triangular , dry triangular

DeccanDeccan, and , and coastalcoastal plains on either side of the plains on either side of the DeccanDeccan

Mighty rivers – Mighty rivers – GangesGanges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Indus, Brahmaputra– Carry melting snow from the mountains to the Carry melting snow from the mountains to the

plains, making agriculture possibleplains, making agriculture possible

These rivers are These rivers are sacredsacred– Indian name for river – “lok-mata” – “mother of Indian name for river – “lok-mata” – “mother of

the people”the people”

MonsoonsMonsoonsIn October, winds blow from the In October, winds blow from the NWNW, , bringing a flow of hot, dry air that withers bringing a flow of hot, dry air that withers cropscropsMay or June, wet summer monsoons blow May or June, wet summer monsoons blow from the from the SWSW– Pick up moisture over the Indian Ocean and Pick up moisture over the Indian Ocean and

drench land with daily downpoursdrench land with daily downpours

Shaped Indian life – welcome rains, but if Shaped Indian life – welcome rains, but if they are late, famine and they are late, famine and starvationstarvation may may occur; if rains are too heavy, rushing rivers occur; if rains are too heavy, rushing rivers release deadly floodsrelease deadly floods

Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley CivilizationMystery – emerged in present-day Mystery – emerged in present-day PakistanPakistan about 2500 B.C. about 2500 B.C.Flourished for about 1,000 years, then Flourished for about 1,000 years, then vanishedvanished without a trace without a trace– No names of kings, queens, no tax records, no No names of kings, queens, no tax records, no

literature, no accounts of famous victoriesliterature, no accounts of famous victories

Covered the largest area of any civilization Covered the largest area of any civilization until the rise of until the rise of PersiaPersia more than 1,000 more than 1,000 years lateryears laterSimilar to Similar to SumerianSumerian city-states city-states

Two Main CitiesTwo Main CitiesHarappa and Mohenjo-DaroHarappa and Mohenjo-DaroLarge, 3 miles in circumference Large, 3 miles in circumference HilltopHilltop structure, probably a fortress or structure, probably a fortress or templetempleVery well-plannedVery well-planned– Grid pattern with rectangular blocks larger Grid pattern with rectangular blocks larger

than modern city blocks, all houses were made than modern city blocks, all houses were made of oven-fired clay bricks, modern plumbing of oven-fired clay bricks, modern plumbing systems with baths, drains, and water chutes systems with baths, drains, and water chutes that led into sewers beneath the streets, that led into sewers beneath the streets, merchants used a uniform system of weights merchants used a uniform system of weights and measuresand measures

More on Indus ValleyMore on Indus Valley

Well-organized gov’tWell-organized gov’t

Powerful leaders, perhaps Powerful leaders, perhaps priestpriest--kings, made sure that the tens of kings, made sure that the tens of thousands of people in the city had a thousands of people in the city had a steady supply of grain from the steady supply of grain from the villagesvillages

Skills in Skills in mathmath and surveying to lay and surveying to lay out the cities so preciselyout the cities so precisely

More…More…Most people were Most people were farmersfarmers– Wheat, barley, melons, datesWheat, barley, melons, dates

11stst people to cultivate people to cultivate cottoncotton and weave and weave fibers into clothfibers into cloth

Some people were merchants and tradersSome people were merchants and traders– ShipsShips carried cargoes of cotton cloth, grain, carried cargoes of cotton cloth, grain,

copper, copper, pearlspearls, and ivory combs, and ivory combs– Contact with Sumer…may have stimulated Contact with Sumer…may have stimulated

Indus Valley people to develop own Indus Valley people to develop own writingwriting systemsystem

DeclineDecline17501750 B.C. – quality of life was decreasing B.C. – quality of life was decreasingSuggestions for declineSuggestions for decline– DamageDamage to local environment to local environment– Too many trees cut down to fuel the ovens of brick Too many trees cut down to fuel the ovens of brick

makersmakers– Tons of river mud found in the streets suggest that a Tons of river mud found in the streets suggest that a

volcanic eruption blocked the Indus, which flooded the volcanic eruption blocked the Indus, which flooded the citycity

– Devastating Devastating earthquakeearthquake

AryansAryans slowly migrated and eventually overran slowly migrated and eventually overran the Indus regionthe Indus regionCities were abandoned and eventually Cities were abandoned and eventually forgottenforgotten