Chapter 19Chapter 19TOWARD AN URBAN TOWARD AN URBAN

SOCIETY, 1877–SOCIETY, 1877–19001900

Urban and Rural Population, Urban and Rural Population, 1870–1900 (in millions)1870–1900 (in millions)

Life in the Cities –Life in the Cities –TenementsTenements

Very poor living conditions Very poor living conditions – Disease spread quicklyDisease spread quickly– Inadequate sanitationInadequate sanitation– Poor ventilationPoor ventilation– Polluted water Polluted water

– OvercrowdedOvercrowdedUp to 12 people shared a roomUp to 12 people shared a room

Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half Lives”Lives”

Immigration to the United Immigration to the United States, 1870–1900States, 1870–1900

Foreign-born Population, Foreign-born Population, 18901890

““New” ImmigrantsNew” Immigrants Most immigrants moved for economic Most immigrants moved for economic

reasons and entered through Ellis Islandreasons and entered through Ellis Island 1880s: Eastern + Southern European 1880s: Eastern + Southern European

“new” immigrants prompted resurgent “new” immigrants prompted resurgent NativismNativism– Nativist organizations tried to limit immigrationNativist organizations tried to limit immigration– Immigrants seen as threats to American Immigrants seen as threats to American

societysociety

““Welcome to All”Welcome to All”

““Looking Backward”Looking Backward”

Political MachinesPolitical MachinesTraded services for votes Traded services for votes

– Provided necessary services for immigrantsProvided necessary services for immigrants– Made millions of dollars in the processMade millions of dollars in the process

Improved conditions in cities, but were also Improved conditions in cities, but were also extreme examples of graft + corruptionextreme examples of graft + corruption

Brooklyn Bridge

Boss Tweed + Tammany Hall Boss Tweed + Tammany Hall (NYC)(NYC)

Cartoons by Thomas Nast (a mugwump)

““New Women”New Women”

Women with self-supporting careersWomen with self-supporting careers Demanded an end to gender Demanded an end to gender

discriminationdiscrimination Advocated suffrageAdvocated suffrage

– Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

Educating the MassesEducating the Masses

Trend toward universal educationTrend toward universal education 18961896: Plessy v. Ferguson : Plessy v. Ferguson allowed "separate allowed "separate

but equal" schools but equal" schools

The Settlement HousesThe Settlement HousesMany workers womenMany workers womenClassical, practical education for poor, Classical, practical education for poor,

immigrantsimmigrants

Most famous was Jane Addams' Hull House in Most famous was Jane Addams' Hull House in ChicagoChicago