Chapter-19-20-Industrial Revolution
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Transcript of Chapter-19-20-Industrial Revolution
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Ch 19: The Industrial Revolution
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Today Industrial Advances Create Powerful U.S.A.
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Positive Advances of Industry,
Technology, and Innovation
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Analyze the positives and
negatives of the Industrial
Revolution.
Was industrialization
ultimately goodfor society?
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What items in this room were NOT
made through industrial processes?
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Today it seems the whole world is
processed. It was not always this way.
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Video: Intro to the Industrial Revolution
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Key Events
The Industrial Revolutionsaw aa shift from an economy
based on farming andhandicrafts to an economybased on manufacturingby machines and industrialfactories.
The early conflicts betweenworkers and employers
produced positive effects for
workers in modern society.
The I.R. replaced manyhandcrafted items with mass-
produced items, many of which
we still use today.
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The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
The IndustrialRevolution began in
Great Britain in the1780s for severalreasons.
Improved farming
methods increased thefood supply, whichdrove food prices downand gave families moremoney formanufactured goods.
The increased foodsupply also supported
a growing population.
Manchester, Great Britain
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to make the mento make the men
into machines thatinto machines that
cannot err.cannot err.
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The Rhodes ColossusCecil Rhodes
spanning "Cape to Cairo" Britain had a ready
supply ofcapitalmoney to investforindustrial machines
and factories.
Wealthyentrepreneurswere looking for
ways to invest andmake profits.
Finally, Britain hadabundant naturalresources and asupply of markets,in part because ofits colonial empire.
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British Colonial
Empire
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The Spinning JennyThe Spinning Jenny
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The only surviving example of the Spinning Jenny or Spinning Mule.
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The cotton industry becameeven more productive afterthe Scottish engineerJames
Watt improved the steamengine in 1782 so it coulddrive machinery.
Steam power was used to spinand weave cotton.
By 1840 cottoncloth wasBritains most
valuable product. Its cotton goods
were sold all overthe world.
A late version of a Watt double-acting steam engine
The 1817 engine in Birmingham, England
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James WattJames Watt
Watt must he be thinking about?Watt must he be thinking about?
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Watt?Watt?
A Steam Engine of course!A Steam Engine of course!
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The steam engine droveBritains Industrial
Revolution, and it ran oncoal.
This led to the coalindustry expanding. The
coal supply seemedunlimited.
The Ind Revolution in Great Britain
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Coal alsotransformed the
iron industry. Iron had been
made in Englandsince the MiddleAges.
Using the processdeveloped by
Henry Cort calledpuddling, industryproduced a better
quality of iron.
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The Iron Bridge in Shropshire, England
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Since they were anefficient way to move
resources and goods,railroads were crucial tothe Industrial Revolution.
The first railroads were slow,
but they developed rapidly. The Rocketwas used on the
first public railway line, whichopened in 1830.
The 32-miles of track wentfrom Liverpool toManchester, England.
The Rocketpulled a 40-tontrain at 16 miles per hour.
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
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Within 20 years, trainswere going 50 miles per
hour, an incredible speedfor its time. By 1850, GreatBritain had more than6,000 miles of track.
Building railroads was anew job for farm laborersand peasants.
The less expensive
transportation lowered theprice of goods and madefor larger markets.
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
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2nd Industrial Revolution
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ClaudeClaude
MonetMonet
If you could paint
this well you
could make a lot
of Monet.
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
"If the world"If the world
really looksreally looks
like that I willlike that I willpaint nopaint no
more!"more!"-Claude Monet, flinging away a
pair of glasses for which he had been fitted
to correct a severe astigmatism
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The Second Industrial Revolution
Electricity gave birth to manyinventions, such as the light
bulb invented by ThomasEdison in the United States. A revolution in communications was
ushered in when Alexander GrahamBell invented the telephone (1876) and
Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radiowaves across the Atlantic (1901).
Marconi watching associates raise kite antenna at St. John's, December 1901
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Organizing the Working Classes
Industrial workers formed socialistpolitical parties and unions to improvetheir working conditions.
In 1848, Karl Marx andFriedrich Engels publishedThe Communist
Manifesto.
They were appalled byindustrial working conditionsand blamed capitalism.
They proposed a new social
system. One form of Marxist socialism
was eventually calledcommunism.
Memorial to Karl Marx in Moscow.The inscription reads "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
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Karl MarxKarl Marx
Karl Marx is NOTKarl Marx is NOT
Santa ClausSanta ClausBut, he was bringing gifts
for the working class
poor.
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Organizing the Working Classes (cont.)
Marx believed world history wasa history of class struggle
between the oppressing ownersof the means of production andthe oppressed workers.
The oppressors controlledpolitics and government.
Government was an instrumentof the ruling class.
Marx believed that society was increasingly dividingbetween the bourgeoisie (middle-classoppressors) and the proletariat (oppressedworking-class), each hostile to the other.
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proletariatproletariat =oppressed workingoppressed working--classclass