Copyright © 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Measuring Vital Signs.
Chapter 14 Values and Beliefs Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc....
-
Upload
audrey-pearson -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of Chapter 14 Values and Beliefs Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc....
Chapter 14
Values and Beliefs
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Lesson 14.1
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Objectives
Discuss the impact of personal values and beliefs on everyday life.
Identify values and beliefs commonly found in today’s older adult population.
Discuss how beliefs and values affect the health practices of older adults.
Explain the relationship of values and beliefs to health practices.
Compare the spiritual practices of major religions as they relate to death.
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Values and Beliefs
Values and beliefs have their origins in the individual’s religion, philosophy, family, culture, and society
Affect all aspects of our lives and play an important role in promoting health and coping with illness
Many experts believe that most of our values are well-established by the time we reach 10 years of age
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Values and Beliefs (cont.)
People see the world through their own value and belief structure and use this structure as a filter by which they judge other people and events
Misunderstanding and conflict often occur when people with two different or contradictory sets of values interact
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Common Values and Beliefs of Older Adults
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6
Economic Values
Many of today’s older adults were strongly affected by the Depression of the 1930s
They were taught the value of a dollar and to “waste not, want not”
May experience intense feelings of shame if forced to accept charity
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Economic Values (cont.)
May save or hoard items, even items that present health hazards, because they value saving rather than wasting
May store an excessive number of personal belongings and clutter up their homes until these belongings become a safety hazard
May refuse to see a doctor or wait until they are seriously ill because they are concerned about the cost
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Audience Response SystemQuestion 1
Older adults grew up in a more affluent world and are more likely to value material possession and spend rather than save.
A.True
B.False
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Intrapersonal Values
Many older adults were raised valuing respect and obedience to elders
They often cannot understand why their families do not automatically accept what they say and follow their directions
The more divergent the values of the various family members, the more likely there are to be misunderstandings and conflict
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Cultural Values
Shared cultural values define an authority structure, establish norms for language and communication, and establish a basis for decision making and lifestyle choices
A heterogeneity of cultures creates a vibrant and dynamic society, but also creates many opportunities for prejudice and misunderstanding
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Cultural Values (cont.)
Many older adults have lived in this country for years but still identify more with their ethnic group or country of origin than with the dominant society
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Spiritual or Religious Values
Spirituality is based on a recognition that there is a relationship between the person and a transcendent supreme being, life force, ultimate reality, or undefined something that is greater than ourselves
These beliefs give meaning to life and to all the positive and negative experiences that occur during a lifetime
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Spiritual or Religious Values (cont.)
Many of today’s older adults were raised in an organized religion that played an important role in the formulation of their values and beliefs
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Residents Attend a Religious Service
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15
Audience Response SystemQuestion 2
Sociologists have suggested that because the United States is made up of many different and unique peoples mixed together, it should be called a(n):
A.upside down cake.
B.fruit salad.
C.mincemeat pie.
D.melted chocolate bar.
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Lesson 14.2
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17
Objectives
Describe methods of assessing beliefs and values.
Identify older adults who are most at risk for experiencing problems related to values and beliefs.
Identify selected nursing diagnoses related to values or beliefs.
Describe nursing interventions appropriate for older individuals who are experiencing problems related to values or beliefs.
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Nursing Process for Spiritual Distress
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19
Assessment
What is the person’s cultural background? Does the person have any specific cultural or
religious beliefs related to health? Is religion or belief in a deity a significant
factor in the person’s life? Does the person attend religious services
regularly? What is the person’s religious denomination,
sect, church, etc.?
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Assessment (cont.)
Does the person have a preferred spiritual counselor? Does he or she see this person regularly?
Is the person interested in talking to a priest, minister, rabbi, or other spiritual advisor?
What religious books or symbols are meaningful to the person?
Has aging or illness had an impact on the person’s beliefs, values, or spiritual practices?
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21
Nursing Diagnosis
Spiritual distress
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22
Nursing Goals/Outcomes
Identify and verbalize sources of value conflicts
Specify the spiritual assistance desired Discuss values and beliefs regarding spiritual
practices Express feelings of spiritual comfort
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23
Nursing Interventions
Determine whether there are special spiritual practices and/or restrictions
Identify significant persons who provide spiritual support
Determine whether there is any way that nurses can aid older adults in meeting their spiritual needs
Provide opportunities for the person to express spiritual needs and concerns
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24
Nursing Interventions (cont.)
Determine spiritual objects that have meaning to the person; obtain these objects, if possible
Provide opportunities for spiritual guidance with due respect for privacy
Encourage contact with a spiritual counselor in times of crisis
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25
A Mosque
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26
Audience Response SystemQuestion 3
Severe grief can result in questioning of:
A.spiritual values.
B.family relationships.
C.health needs.
D.cultural beliefs.
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27