Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 500 – 1200 A.D. Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms.
Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 500 – 1200 A.D.
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Transcript of Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 500 – 1200 A.D.
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Chapter 13 European Middle Ages
500 – 1200 A.D.Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
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13.1 Vocabulary• Middle Ages -• Franks - • monastery - • secular - • Carolingian Dynasty - • Charlemagne-
Era in European history following the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500—also called the medieval period.People who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (roughly the
area now occupied by France) and established a great empire during the Middle Ages. Religious community of men (called monks) who have given
up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.
a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987
Charles the Great, Emperor of the Frankish kingdom from 771 to 814
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Fall of Roman Empire Roman Empire divides into East and West in
year 395 East becomes Byzantium
Justinian becomes Emperor in 527 Byzantine Empire collapses around 1100
A.D.
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Middle Ages 500 – 1500 A.D. Three Roots of Medieval
Culture Classical heritage of
Rome Beliefs of Roman Catholic
Church Customs of Germanic
Tribes
What are the effects of multiple invasions?
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Invasions of Western Europe
Effects of Invasions: Disruption of Trade Downfall of Cities Population changes Decline of Learning Loss of Common
Language
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Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
The Roman catholic church survives invasions
The concept of government changes Family more important Smaller communities Unwritten rules Personal relationships important
Warriors lived with Kings It was a disgrace to outlive him
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Clovis Rules the Franks Clovis brought Christianity in year 496
Battle convinced him to convert Asked for God’s help
United Franks into one kingdom
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Germans Adopt Christianity
Church and Franks worked together to spread Christianity Many moved back into Rome
Church built religious communities : Monasteries Monks and Nuns lived there
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Monasteries
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An Empire Evolves After death of Clovis in 511, Charles Martel
takes control (Charles the Hammer)
He was not Emperor Gained more power than the King Extended the kingdom Defeated Muslims
Became Christian Hero
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An Empire Evolves Charles Martel passed power to son Pepin
the Short Gained title “King by Grace of God” Began Carolingian Dynasty in 751 A.D.
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Charlemagne Becomes Emperor Pepin died in 768
Frankish kingdom VERY strong Charlemagne took over after Pepin’s son
Carloman mysteriously died 771
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Charlemagne Becomes Emperor Charlemagne extends empire After helping the pope in Rome, he was
crowned Roman Emperor He was not from Rome!
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Charlemagne Leads Revival
Charlemagne managed his Empire very well Encouraged learning
Opened schools Encouraged monasteries to open schools for
future monks
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Charlemagne dies in 814 Names only son Louis the Pious (The Fair) as
Emperor Not very good
Louis the Pious’ sons fought for power Divided empire into 3 parts Authority broke down
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Quiz Next Class13.1 Vocabulary
• Middle Ages -• Franks - • monastery - • secular - • Carolingian Dynasty - • Charlemagne-
Era in European history following the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500—also called the medieval period.People who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (roughly the
area now occupied by France) and established a great empire during the Middle Ages. Religious community of men (called monks) who have given
up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.
a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987
Charles the Great, Emperor of the Frankish kingdom from 771 to 814
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Chapter 13 European Middle Ages
500 – 1200 A.D.Section 2: Feudalism in Europe
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13.2 Vocabulary lord- fief-
vassal-
knight-
serf-
manor-
tithe-
in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals.
an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe.
in feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services. in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback.
a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord’s estate.
a lord’s estate in feudal Europe.
a family’s payment of one-tenth of its income to a church.
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Invaders Attack Western Europe
Many invaders came from year 800-1000
Vikings invade from the North Also called Northmen or Norsemen Worshipped war like gods Nicknames like Eric Bloodaxe and
Thorfinn Skullsplitter
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Invaders Attack Western Europe
Vikings used swords and heavy wooden shields Arrived on huge ships,
attack and leave Ships were huge Could travel in 3 feet of
water Vikings stopped attacking
after they accepted Christianity
warmer weather made farming easier
Viking Leif Ericson reached North America around year 500
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Invaders Attack Western Europe
Magyars were a nomadic people attacked from East Rode horses Did not settle
Took captives to sell as slaves Muslims attacked from South
Conquered different areas
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Invaders Attack Western Europe
Effects of invasions A lot of disorder and suffering Lived in constant fear and danger Kings could not effectively defend
Local rulers gained strength for defeating invaders
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New Social Order: Feudalism
Feudalism: A political and economic system of
Europe based on the holding of all land in fief or fee … and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and penalty In exchange for military protection
a lord (land owner) granted land called fief.
The Person receiving fief was a vassal
=Vassal
= Serf
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New Social Order: Feudalism
Social classes were well defined You were born into your social
class Serfs were not slaves
Could not leave the land Could not be bought or sold Everything they produced belonged
to lord
=Vassal
= Serf
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Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Manor = Lord’s Estate Manor System:
Lord provided serfs with housing, farm land, and protection
Serfs tended to land, cared for lords animals, and maintained the estate
All peasants owed the lord duties Certain days of labor or amount
of grain
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Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Manors were only a few square miles 20-30 families lived there Self sufficient community Manor life was hard
Peasants paid many taxes Including tithe – church tax 10% of income A lot of working Life expectancy = 35 years old
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Chapter 13 European Middle Ages
500 – 1200 A.D.Section 3: The Age of Chivalry
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13.2 Vocabulary• chivalry•
tournament•
troubadour
1
2
3
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Knights: Warriors on Horseback
Charles Martel organized armored horsemen called Knights
Technology: Saddle and stirrups Allowed soldiers to fight on
horses Warrior’s trained all year
Were given land
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Knighthood and Code of Chivalry
Chivalry – Complex code of ideals A knight must fight bravely for 3
masters Feudal lord Heavenly lord His lady
Knights must be loyal, brave and courteous
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A Knight’s Training Boys learned the code of chivalry early in
life Age 7, sent off to another castle to learn
fighting skills Age 14, became a squire, or servant to a
knight Age 21, a squire became a knight A young knight traveled for 2 years in
search of wars and tournaments
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Do not CopyMedieval Europe FeudalismDesign of Castle
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Brutal Reality of Warfare
War was brutal Hot oil, water or lead was poured on soldiers Archers shot arrows to defend castle
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Literature of Chivalry Many stories glorified castle life Epic poetry – poems that retold stories,
adventures They wrote love poems and songs Troubadours were traveling musicians
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Women’s Role in Feudal Society
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Noblewoman – Could own little land Could send knights to war Threw rocks and fire arrows at attackers
Peasant Woman – A lot of labor in home and fields Child care Young women learned house duties
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Chapter 13 European Middle Ages
500 – 1200 A.D.Section 4: The Power of Church
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13.4 Vocabulary • clergy • sacrament • canon law • Holy Roman Empire • lay investiture
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The Far Reaching Authority of the
Church Church and European rulers
competed for power Church had its own organization
Pope Clergy
Bishop Priests
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Feudalism divided many people Religion unified them
Being part of religious community Law of the Church
Canon Law Marriage Religious practices
Consequences Excommunication Interdict - religious services would not be
performed
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The Church and the Holy Roman Empire
Otto the Great was king of Germany in 936 Built up his power by forming
alliance with church Limited the power of nobles
Later invaded Italy on Pope’s behalf and was named emperor
German-Italian Empire became Holy Roman Empire Caused many problems
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The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
Church not happy that the Emperor controlled the clergy Lay investiture – kings and nobles
appoint clergy 1075, Pope banned lay
invesiture German Emperor Henry IV was
upset Tried to force the pope to resign Emperor was excommunicated
Begged Pope for forgiveness to save throne
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Showdown at Canossa King Henry went to meet the Pope The Pope forced Henry to wait outside for
3 days in the snow The Pope was forced to forgive
Successors to Pope and Emperor met Established Concordat of Worms
Treaty: Church could appoint Bishops
Emperor could veto
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Disorder in the Empire King Fredrick is elected in 1152
Barabarossa Aggressively invaded rich cities in Italy Pope and Italian merchants formed
alliance called Lombard League Lombard league soldiers defeated King
Fredrick Used crossbows against knights
Fredrick was forced to make peace
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Chapter Test Monday! Study Chapter 13