English Language Unit 1English Language Unit 1addict (n)Coming from the Latin addictus, addicts in Roman times were broke people given as slaves to the people they owed money to. Only in the early 1900s did it come to mean dependent on morphine and later other drugs.

Learning intention:Develop knowledge of word classes and explore syntax and sentences.

Success criteria: Able to:- identify and explain closed word classes;

GKR

Play the adverb acting game.

ConjunctionsDeterminersPrepositionsPronounsSyntax

Key Vocabulary:

Closed class wordsClosed class wordsDo not easily admit new members◦ Pronouns◦ Conjunctions◦ Prepositions◦ Determiners (sometimes called articles)

The grammatical “glue” that sticks the open class words together.

Closed Class - PronounsClosed Class - PronounsHow to identify pronouns:◦ pronouns take the place of nouns

Types of pronouns:◦ personal◦ possessive◦ reflexive◦ demonstrative◦ indefinite◦ interrogative

Closed Class – Pronoun TypesClosed Class – Pronoun TypesPersonal pronouns – take the place of

the subject / object in the sentence.Examples of pronouns to refer to the

subjectExamples of pronouns to refer to the

object - me, him, herJohn drove Jackie home.

Subject verb Object noun.He drove her home.

http://www.slideshare.net/chakafluk/nouns-pronouns-and-adjectives

http://www.slideshare.net/chakafluk/nouns-pronouns-and-adjectives

Closed Class – Pronoun TypesClosed Class – Pronoun TypesPossessive pronouns show possession

Reflexive pronouns show the object of the verb is the same as the subject (these always end in -self or –selves

Demonstrative pronouns give a sense of something being pointed at:

this, that, these, those

N.B. If any of these words are put in front of a noun they become a determiner

Closed Class – Pronoun TypesClosed Class – Pronoun TypesIndefinite pronouns act as limiting words◦ used to refer to people or things without

saying exactly who or what

somebody someone something

anybody anyone anything

nobody no one nothing

everybody everyone everything

Closed Class – Pronoun TypesClosed Class – Pronoun TypesRelative pronouns are who, whose and whom. ◦ it is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause◦ it is called a "relative" pronoun because it

"relates" to the word that its relative clause modifies

For example,◦ The person who phoned me last night is my

teacher.

Interrogative pronouns are who, whose, which, what◦ they are used when asking a question

Closed Class – ConjunctionsClosed Class – ConjunctionsConjunctions join together different parts

of a sentence◦ Coordinating conjunctions join together parts

of a sentence of equal valueI went to the party and met Tony there.

(I went to the party. I met Tony at the party.)

◦ Subordinating conjunctions join a subordinate clause to a main clauseI won’t go to Luna Park unless you can come

too.FANBOYS: For-And-Nor-But-Or-Yet-So

Closed Class - PrepositionClosed Class - PrepositionPrepositions◦ usually show how one thing is related to

something else◦ show the relationship between the noun that

comes after it and something else in the sentence◦ they relate to position, directions and time

I saw the bird fly over the mountain.The car went past me at high speed.

The children ate lunch before going outside.

Closed Class - DeterminersClosed Class - DeterminersDeterminers ◦ precede (go before) the noun and refer

directly to the noun◦ definite determiner = the◦ indefinite determiner = a / an◦ can refer to a specific quantity, e.g. one, two,

three, etc.; or◦ can refer to a vague amount, e.g. some, few,

many, etc.

ActivityActivityDo the exam practice on (booklet) p 23

SyntaxSyntaxthe way words are arranged in a

sentence, clause or a phraseword order affects meaningthe two essential parts of any English

sentence are the subject, the person /thing the sentence is about and, the predicate, what is written/said about the subject

sentences are made up of clauses and phrases

ActivityActivityDo Q 4.3.1

Syntax – Clause StructureSyntax – Clause StructureTwo types of clause structures◦ main / independent◦ subordinate / dependent

Main clauses can stand on their own as a sentence.

Subordinate clauses can NOT

Identify the main and subordinate clause in this sentence.

The girl screamed because she saw a ghost.

Syntax – Subordinate ClausesSyntax – Subordinate ClausesTwo types – Relative and Adverbial◦ Relative clause

describes a noun it relates to is always introduced by a relative pronoun

(who, which, that) relates the clause to the noun in the main clause

Can you find the relative clause?The man who did the painting is over there.

Syntax – Subordinate ClauseSyntax – Subordinate Clause◦ Adverbial clause

answers the questions of how, when, where and why about the verb

As she entered the room the girl screamed because she saw the ghost.the girl screamed – main clauseAs she entered the room – subordinate and adverbial clause – answers whenbecause she saw the ghost – tells why she screamed

ActivityActivityDo Q 4.3.2

Syntax – Sentence StructureSyntax – Sentence StructureFour sentence structures◦ Simple◦ Compound◦ Complex◦ Ellipsis

Syntax – Sentence StructureSyntax – Sentence StructureSimple sentences

(or main / independent clause)◦ it has only one clauseThe dog jumped over the fence.

Compound sentences◦ made up of two or more simple sentences◦ joined by a conjunction or separated by a

comma, semi-colon or colonShe had her car serviced and bought new tyres.

Syntax – Sentence StructureSyntax – Sentence StructureComplex sentences◦ are made up of a main clause + one or more

subordinate clauses

For example, As she entered the room the girl screamed because

she saw the ghost.

Syntax – Sentence StructureSyntax – Sentence StructureEllipsis◦ the omission of words from a sentence

because they appear elsewhere they can be worked out from the context

For example,Got it?

Syntax – Sentence TypesSyntax – Sentence TypesFour sentence types◦ Declarative

sentences that state facts

◦ Imperative commands or sentences that give orders or requests

◦ Exclamative sentences that express a strong feeling or emotion

◦ Interrogative questions or sentences that ask for an answer

HomeworkHomeworkActivities 4.3.3 and 4.3.5Syntax and sentence structure

worksheets

1) List the closed word classes and explain what closed means

2) Explain what closed class means

3) Name a learning strategy you used today