Ch. 10 Western Europe:Early History

Section 2: Ancient Greece

Dateline

London England, May 6, 1994 Rough waters have always made the English Channel, which

separates England and France, difficult to cross. How, however, you can make the trip under the water! Today a tunnel nicknamed “the Chunnel” opens, allowing high speed trains to travel between London and Paris in about three hours.

The Chunnel-short for Channel Tunnel-was

carved through chalky earth under the sea

floor and took seven years to build. It is the

largest European construction project of

the 20th century.

Warm-Up

Dateline What are some advantages of the Chunnel? How might improvements in transportation

affect economic development?

The Land and Early History of Greece:

The Greek peninsula is mountainous, but settlers____________ the soil to grow __________ and _________.

The greatest natural resource is the water that surrounds Greece.

Ancient Greeks depended on these seas for ____________ and ___________.

cultivatedolives grapes

fishing trade

Distinctive features of Europe’s Geography:

Waterways: Water surrounds the continent to the

__________, _________, and ________. Europe has many rivers. Two of the most

important rivers are______________ and _______________.

north south west

RhineDanube

Distinctive features of Europe’s Geography:

Landforms Several large_______________, or bodies of

land surrounded by water on three sides, form the European continent.

A ___________ is a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea located between steep cliffs.

________________, including the towering Alps, also stretch across much of the continent. The many mountain rages separate groups of people.

peninsulas

fjord

Mountain ranges

Distinctive features of Europe’s Geography:

The Great European Plain Not all of Europe is mountainous. A vast region

called ___________________________ stretches from the coast of France to the Ural Mountains.

A ________ is a large, _________ area of land, usually without many trees.

The Great European Plain is the location of some of the world’s richest farmland.

The Great European Plain

plain flat

Comprehension Check

What are the distinctive features of Europe’s geography?

1. __________

2. __________

3. __________

4. ______________

5. ___________

ocean

rivers

peninsula

mountain ranges

central plains

Comprehension Check

What geographical feature of Europe influenced the development of different cultures? Why?

Mountain ranges

They separate groups of people from on another.

Comprehension Check

What is an important feature of the Great European Plain?

Rich Farmland

Dateline

Athens, Greece, February 2, 1997- Five years after construction

workers began building the new Athens subway, artifacts from ancient Greek civilization are still being discovered. When completed, the new subway will reduce traffic and air pollution in the capital. Historians and archeologists, however, have been the first to benefit from this massive public works project, Workers have discovered statues, coins, jewelry, and gravesites from ancient Greece. Recently, workers digging the foundation for a downtown Athens station found an ancient dog collar decorated with gemstones.

Local officials have promised to create permanent displays of some artifacts in stations throughout the new subway system .

Warm-Up

Dateline

What artifacts might be discovered underground in you region?

Why do you think these artifacts would be different from those found in Athens?

The Land & Early History of Greece:

The Greek peninsula is mountainous, which made the travel by land difficult for early settlers.

Most land had poor soil and few trees, but settlers____________ the soil to grow __________ and ___________.

The greatest natural resource is water. The ancient Greeks depended on the sea for trade and fishing.

cultivatedolives grapes

Formation of City-States

As the ancient Greek population grew people created ___________. A city-state ___________________, called a ________, and surrounding villages.

They were united by common__________, ______________, and ______________.

City-states

Included a central citypolis

languagereligious beliefs Similar way of life

Individual Forms of Government

An________________ is a system in which a few powerful, wealthy individuals rule.

DID YOU KNOW?

The world oligarchy comes from an ancient Greek word meaning “rule by the few”.

Oligarchy

Individual Forms of Government

Other city-states were ruled by a tyrant, __________________________________

Other ancient Greek city- states developed an early form of democracy.

DID YOU KNOW?The word Democracy comes from an

ancient Greek word meaning “rule by the people”. In a democracy citizens, take part

in the government.

a single person who took control of the community.

Athens & Sparta

They took part in political __________ and __________ on laws, not everyone had these rights.

____________ was an oligarchy. It was ruled by two kings, Sparta & Athens had powerful armies.

debatesvoted

Sparta

Literature

Ancient Greeks created ________ and wrote ________ and __________. Some of the greatest Greek plays were written during the 5th century B.C. wrote tragedies.

myths

poems plays

Philosophy

__________ was an important philosopher of the 5th century.

_____________ studies & thinks about why the world is the way it is.

Another great philosopher

was Plato.

Socrates

A philosopher

The Spread of Greek Culture

In 338 B.C., __________________ of Macedonia conquered the land.

When he died his son _______________ took control.

As his empire expanded Greek culture, language, and ideas were spread throughout the ______________________

King Philip II

Alexander

Mediterranean region

The Spread of Greek Culture

When Alexander died his generals fought for control of his territory.

This marked the end of one of the great empires of the ancient world.

The End !The End !

Credit: pictures

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreece/resource/pictures1.shtml

http://www.qnx.com/company/customer_stories/ss_206_2.html

http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Central_Europe/Germany/germany1.htm

http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/caesar-color.html