Cells (Division of Labour) Chapter 24. In this chapter, you will learn… that cells of similar...
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Transcript of Cells (Division of Labour) Chapter 24. In this chapter, you will learn… that cells of similar...
![Page 1: Cells (Division of Labour) Chapter 24. In this chapter, you will learn… that cells of similar structures are organised into tissues that several tissues.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dbc5503460f94aae5cb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cells(Division of Labour)
Chapter 24
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In this chapter, you will learn…
• that cells of similar structures are organised into tissues
• that several tissues may make up an organ
• that organs are organised into systems
• to explain the significance of division of labour
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Unicellular Organisms
Paramecium Amoeba
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Unicellular Organisms
• Paramecium– Microscopic organism– Found on surface of water
(eg: pond, river)– Has hair surrounding the
body for movement– Has a mouth
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Unicellular Organisms
• Amoeba– Often found at bottom of ponds
or under rocks– Does not move fast– No arms, legs, eyes, mouth– Eats by surrounding its prey with
its body – Lives only for 2 days – Reproduce by spliting itself into
2 new amoebas
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Multicellular Organisms
• Have many different cells
• Different cells perform different functions
• Examples– Plants– Humans
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Cells in a Human
• Examples– Red blood cell (transport
oxygen)
– Nerve cell (have nerve fibres to transmit signals to and from the central nervous system)
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Cells in a Plant
• Examples
– Root hair cell
– Leaf guard cell
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From cells to tissues
• Tissue
– Group of similar cells that are specialised to perform a particular function
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Tissues in a Human
• Epithelial tissue– Covering or lining tissue
to protect structure beneath it
Connective tissue– Joins, stores or
supports all parts of an organism
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Tissues in a Human
• Muscle tissue– Cause movement
• Nerve tissue– Carry messages
from one part of body to another by conducting electrical signals
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Tissues in a Plant
• Epidermal tissue
– Protects plant against injury and losing too much water
• Vascular tissue
– Transports materials within a plant
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Tissues in a Plant
• Photosynthesis tissue
– Carries out photosynthesis in a plant
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From Tissues to Organs
• Organ
– Group of specialised tissues that are gathered in a certain part of the body to perform a particular function together
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Organs in a Human
• Examples– Skin – Lungs– Heart
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Organs in a Plant
• Examples– Leaves– Stem– Roots– Flowers
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From Organs to Systems
• System
– Different organs working together to perform a major function in an organism
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Main Organ Systems in a Human
• Respiratory system
• Digestive system
• Blood circulatory system
• Skeletal system
• Muscular system
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Respiratory System
Nasal Passage
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Larynx
Bronchioles
Alveoli
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Respiratory System
• Respiration– Process in which cells release energy from
the food we eat– Oxygen is required– Carbon dioxide is removed
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Respiratory System
• Mechanics of breathing
Exhalation
Inhalation
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Digestive System
Villi
Mouth
Liver
Pharynx
StomachLarge Intestine
Small Intestine
Oesophagus
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Digestive System
• Digestion
– Process in which large, insoluble food substances are broken down into smaller, soluble food substances for absorption into blood
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Blood Circulatory System
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Blood Circulatory System
• Transports nutrients, gases, water and hormones to different parts of the body
• Include red blood cells, white blood cells, heart, blood vessels
Red blood cells
White blood cells
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Skeletal System
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Skeletal System
• Supports our body
• Gives us shape
• Protects our organs
• Enables movement
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Muscular System
DeltoidPectoralis major Biceps brachi
Gluteus maximus
Rectus femoris
Gastrocnemius
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Muscular System
• Enables movement by contraction and relaxation of muscles
• 3 muscle types:– Skeletal muscles– Smooth muscles– Cardiac muscles
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Other systems in Human
• Reproductive System - Produces sex cells (sperm, ovum)- For reproduction
• Nervous System- Consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves
found throughout our body- Controls and coordinates functions
throughout our body- Enables us to respond to changes around us
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Male Reproductive System
Urinary bladder
Vas deferens
Prostate gland
Urethra
Penis
Seminal vesicle
Epididymus
Testis
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Female Reproductive System
Sagittal View
Anterior View
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Uterus
Vagina
Uterus
Vagina
Fallopian tube
Urinary bladder
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Nervous System
Cerebrum
Corpus callosum
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
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Plant Transport System
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From Systems to Organisms
• Organism
– Made up of different systems working effectively in a coordinated manner
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The Human Body
- An organism
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
ORGANISM
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Division of Labour• Each cell in a multicellular organism
does not perform all the bodily functions.
• Each type of cell specialises in performing one particular function.
• Different functions in a multicellular organism can be performed at the same time by division of labour.
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Division of Labour
• Division of labour
– Sharing different functions in an organism among its cells, tissues, organs and systems
– Ensures smooth running and effective working of the different parts in an organisms as well as the organism as a whole