THE CELL

The Building Block of Organisms

Two Types of Cells

• Plant Cells (Diagram, Structures)

• Heterotroph (must find food from an outside source)

• Animal Cells (Diagram, Structures)

• Autotroph (creates own food)

The two are mostly the same with the minor differences documented on the home page for each kind of cell.

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

• Nucleus• Ribosomes• Rough ER• Cell Wall (only in plant)• Mitochondria• Golgi Body• Centrosome

• Nucleolus• Smooth ER• Chloroplast (only in

plant)• Cell Membrane• Cytoplasm• Vacuole

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Animal Cell

• Nucleus • Nucleolus• Cell Membrane• Ribosome• Smooth ER• Rough ER

• Lysosome (only in animal)

• Centrosome• Vacuole• Cytoplasm• Golgi Body

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Nucleus

In The Cell In The Factory

• CEO

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Controls the cell and holds the nucleolus and DNA. Click the image to learn more.

Nucleolus

In the Cell• Ribosomal RNA, the stuff

needed to create proteins is created here

• Sort of createsa blueprint of what the cell needs to make.

In the Factory• The idea people, people

who work for the CEO that help to organize plans. (Engineers)

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RibosomesIn the Cell• These small organelles

make protein in the cell. They get RNA from the nucleus and produce protein needed in the cell.

In the Factory• Workers on the assembly

line. These people get the info and make it happen.

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Smooth ER

In the Cell• Like a transport system in

the cell that digests lipids and membrane proteins.

In the Factory• Sort of like an assembly belt

after the actual production that separates the actual product from the byproducts.

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View this video clip about the Endoplasmic Reticulum and how exciting it can be. Video

Rough ER

• Helps to transport materials through the cell but also provides a place for ribosomes to attach to create proteins.

• This is the part of the assembly line with actual workers (ribosomes) that help to assemble the product (proteins)

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Video This is the same video shown on the smooth ER slide but now you understand a little better what the Rough ER is all about.

Golgi Body

In the Cell• Packages proteins and carbs

and prepares them for export.

In the Factory• Packaging and shipping.

Packs stuff up and sends it toward its destination.

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Click the truck to learn more about the Golgi body.

Cytoplasm

In the Cell• Holds all of the organelles

and materials needed to perform cell processes.

In the Factory• The inside of the factory,

it’s the workers, the things needed to make the products and the assembly lines.

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In the common jello model, what is the cytoplasm made of? Click the jello cell on the left to find out.

Vacuole

In the Cell• Fluid filled sac that helps to

maintain structure.• Also a place for storage

within an animal cell.

In the Factory• A form of support that helps

maintain the structure of the building.

• Storage areas that hold products to be used or used within the cell.

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Vacuoles are mobile just like pods, and are an excellent storage facility, although vacuoles are more flexible than pods.

Mitochondria

In the Cell• Converts energy stored in

glucose to ATP (energy for the cell)

In the Factory• Power plant, provides

energy for all interactions.

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How does it create energy, click here to find out.

Cell Membrane

In the Cell• Controls what enters and

exits the cell. Regulates cell tonicity.

In the Factory• The walls of the factory.

Lets shipments come in and leave as the cell needs them, keeping harmful stuff out.

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As demonstrated on the left, the cell membrane is much more complex than it appears in most pictures. We will discuss this structure later.

Centrosome

In the Cell• Crucial in allowing for

replication of the cell.

In the Factory• Necessary to allow for more

plants to be made. New factories can only be made if there is the same underlying structure. A centrosome does that in the cell.

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Lysosome

In the Cell• Breaks down and absorbs

stuff that enters the cell. Helps protect the cell from harmful outside materials.

In the Factory• Maintenance crew

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Click the image to learn more about lysosomes.

Chloroplast

In the Cell• It is used to convert

sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose which is needed for energy.

In the Factory• Is the process before the

power plant, getting the raw materials to make energy.

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Click the image on the right to find out where this glucose then goes.

Cell Wall

In the Cell• Provides structural support

for the cell.

In the Factory• The main framework of the

building that provides the support needed to keep the building up.

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As powerful and fortified as castle walls.

DNA

In the Cell• Tells what needs to be

made. In its double helix form it stores all of the information about the cell.

In the Factory• The blueprint for the whole

factory

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Click the blueprint to see the cells blueprint.

EVERYTHINGEVERYTHING

If you thought jello, that’s part of the cytoplasm called the cytosol, but the cytoplasm is everything, the cytosol and the organelles, just not the cell membrane.

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Mitochondria VideoI had to use at least one boring one

MitochondriaMitochondria

DNA

DNA Info SlideDNA Info Slide