A SEMINAR ON

CELL- THEORY

G.D. RUNGTA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHENOLOGY, KOHKA, BHILAI

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BYHUMA NAZ SIDDIQUIASST. PROFESSOR

INTRODUCTION• DEFINATION• HISTORY• SHAPE & SIZE• STRUCTURE• TYPES• CONCLUSION• SUMMARY • REFRENCES

CELL THEROY

SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION

The CELL is the basic unit of organization or structure of all living matter.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

CELL THEROY

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THE structure unit called call. the concept that the call is basic unit of life is know as the cell theory.

THE structure unit called call. the concept that the call is basic unit of life is know as the cell theory. OR

“ A cell is the structure and functional unit of living body.”

CELL THEROY

DEFINATION

CELL THEORY

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.T. Schwann (1839)M.I schleiden (1839)

Rudolf Virchow – 1855•German physician who studied cell reproduction•“Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell…..” •“ new cell develop from the division of pre- existing cell.”•It is known as law of cell lineage.

THE PROKARYOTS : PRO :PRIMITIVE KARYON: NUCLEUS

HANS RIS(1960) DISCOVERED BY

HISTORY

•Bacteria e.g. Eschericia coli (aka E.coli)• Size=1 µm by 3 µm

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SIZE

CELL THEORY

STRUCTURE

CELL THEORY

FIG1:-plant cell

FIG 2:- PLANT CELL

CELL THEORY

STRUCTURE

CELL THEORY

RIBOSOMES

• make proteinsSTRUCTURE

FIG 3: RIBOSOMES

The ribosome (from ribonucleic acid and the Greek soma, meaning "body") is a large and complex molecular machine, found within all living cells,

that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis (translation). Ribosome's link amino acids together in the order specified by

messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.

A ribosome is made from complexes of RNAs and proteins and is therefore a ribonucleoprotein.

Each ribosome is divided into two subunits: the smaller subunit binds to the mRNA pattern, while the larger subunit binds to the tRNA and the amino acids.

Ribosomes from bacteria, archaic and eukaryotes (the three domains of life on Earth) differ in their size, sequence, structure, and the ratio of protein to RNA.

CELL THEORY

MITOCHONDRIA

Power plant of the cell Produces energy Richard Altmann, in

1894, established them as cell organelles and called them "bioblasts". The term "mitochondria" itself was coined by Carl Benda in 1898 .

STRUCTURE

CELL THEORY

FIG 4: MITOCONDRIA

The mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed structure found in most eukaryotic cells (the cells that make up plants, animals, and many other forms of life).

Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer (μm) in diameter.

These organelles are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

Greek mitos, i.e. "thread", and , chondrion, i.e. "granule".

Richard Altmann, in 1894, established them as cell organelles and called them "bioblasts".

The term "mitochondria" itself was coined by Carl Benda in 1898.

CELL THEORY

STRUCTURE

GOLGI APPARATUS

Stacks of disk shaped membranes.SortPackage proteinsProcess

• The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex,• Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in

most eukaryotic cells.• It was identified in 1897 by the Italian physician

Camillo Golgi and named after him in 1898

CELL THEORY

STRUCTURE

Golgi–Holmgren apparatus", "Golgi–Holmgren ducts", and "Golgi–Kopsch apparatus".

The term "Golgi apparatus" was used in 1910 and first appeared in scientific literature in 1913

CELL THEORY

GOLGI-BODY

NUCLEUS

Contains DNA – produce instructions for protein synthesis.

Contain chromosomesProduce ribosome in the nucleolus.

STRUCTURE

CELL THEORY

FIG 6:- NUCLEUS

In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes.

The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome.

The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression — the nucleus is, therefore.

the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear membrane.

CELL THEORY

NUCLEAS

• 1ST:- CLASSICAL CELL THEORY:-

• It is applicable for almost to all living things , micro-organism, plant, and animal

• 2nd:- MODERN CELL THEORY (Cell Principle):- Given by :-Rudolf Virchow(1855)

• All organism are composed of cells.

• New cell arise from pre-existing cell.

• All cells are basically alike in chemical composition & metabolic activities.

• All the activities of an organism as a whole is the outcome of the activities and interactions of the constituting the body of that organism.

CELL THEORY

TYPES

NameStructural unit

SizeGenetic materialChromosomesNuclear memberHis tone proteinsNucleolusCell wall

Cell divisionSexual reproduction

DNA

ribosome

Prokaryote cells Bacteria(algae)

0.1-5.0/µmNaked DNA

1AbsentAbsentAbsentMainly consist of carbohydrates and amino acid complex

Binary fission

Absent

Less than

70 S

Eukaryote cellsPlant & animals

5-100µmDNA complexes with protein

>1 presentPresent

present

Ceullose,pectin hemiceoullose

Mitosispresent

More than

80S

 The cell is ” the basic structure & function unit of living Organisms” capable of carrying out all the activities necessary for life. Thus, a theory was given the cell known as cell theory , There is a great amount of variability in cell shape & size takes Place.

 

CELL THEORY

CONCLUSION

  Cell theory-Historical invention of microscope

&cell.

Classical cell theory :–Given by Schelden & Schwann.

Exception of classical cell theory.

Objection of classical cell theory.

Modern cell theory:-Given by Rudolf Virchow.

Basic property of cell ,According to modern cell theory.

Type of cell:- Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cell.

SUMMARY

CELL THEORY

M.Cooper

Gerald Karp

P .K. Gupta

2009

2007

2003

The cell :A Molecular Approach5th Edition

Cell & molecular biology5th Edition

Cell & molecular biology2nd Edition

CELL THEORY

REFRENCES

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THANKING YOU