Cell Transport Notes. All cells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids Cell Membrane lipid...
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Transcript of Cell Transport Notes. All cells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids Cell Membrane lipid...
![Page 1: Cell Transport Notes. All cells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids Cell Membrane lipid bilayer protein channel protein pump Layer 1 Layer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8ade5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Transport
Notes
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•All cells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids
Cell Membrane
lipid bilayer
protein channel
protein pump
Layer 1
Layer 2
Cell Membrane
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Function of Cell Membrane• Cell membrane separates the components of a cell from its
environment—surrounds the cell
• “Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell—selectively permeable
• Cell membrane helps cells maintain homeostasis—stable internal balance
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Cell Membrane Structure
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Phospholipids• Lipids (fatty acid) with a phosphate group attached. • Polar head and non-polar tails• Hydrophilic (likes water) head and hydrophobic
(afraid of water) tail
Tail
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Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic: “likes water”
Hydrophobic: “fears water” - repels water
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Transport Proteins• Found in plasma membrane (also known as
transport proteins)• Allows larger substances to move through the
plasma membrane.
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Cholesterol molecule
• Helps stabilize the phospholipids
• Prevents the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids from sticking together
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Passive TransportMovement of material down the
concentration gradient, requires NO energy from the cell
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Diffusion…going with the flowDiffusion: The random movement of
molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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Osmosis
Osmosis: The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to differences in the solute on each side.
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Facilitated DiffusionPassive Transport by Proteins
(NO energy required)
• Channel proteins – form channels to allow specific molecules to flow through
• Carrier proteins – change shape to allow a substance to pass through the membrane.
outside of cell
inside of cell
Glucose molecules
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Active TransportMovement of material through a membrane
against a concentration gradient, requires energy from the cell
outside of cell
inside of cell
Carbon Dioxide molecules
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Transport of Large Particles
1. Endocytosis – the process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment. (engulfed)
2. Exocytosis – the expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell.
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Same Conc. Lower Conc. Higher Conc.
Effect of concentration
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Hypertonic Solutions: contain a high concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.
Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.
Isotonic Solutions: contain the same concentration of solute as another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the water diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the body cells is isotonic.
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HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC
ISOTONIC