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![Page 1: Cause - specific morbidity study of a population exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields Lucia Fazzo 1, Valeria Tancioni 2, Nicola Vanacore 3, Paolo Papini 2,](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649e6b5503460f94b69d4b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cause - specific morbidity study of a population Cause - specific morbidity study of a population
exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fieldsexposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields
Lucia Fazzo Lucia Fazzo 11, Valeria Tancioni , Valeria Tancioni 22, Nicola Vanacore , Nicola Vanacore 33, Paolo Papini , Paolo Papini 22, ,
Ivano Iavarone Ivano Iavarone 11, Sara Farchi , Sara Farchi 22, Caterina Bruno , Caterina Bruno 11, Alessandro Polichetti , Alessandro Polichetti 44, ,
Piero Borgia Piero Borgia 22, Pietro Comba , Pietro Comba 11
1) Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dept. of Environment and Primary Prevention, Rome , Italy
2) Latium Region Agency for Public Health, Rome, Italy
3) Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
4) Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dept. of Technology and Health, Rome, Italy
ISEE/ISEA ConferenceISEE/ISEA Conference
Paris, France, sept. 2-6, 2006Paris, France, sept. 2-6, 2006
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FOREWORDFOREWORD
Extremely low frequency (essentially 50/60 Hz) magnetic
fields have been categorized by IARC (2002)
as “Possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B)
The authors of two pooled analyses of case-control studies
on childhood leukemia and magnetic field exposure
(Ahlbom et al, 2000; Greenland et al, 2000) have recommended
to conduct future studies in populations exposed to relatively high
exposure levels (approximetely, > 0.4-0.5 microtesla)
In this context ISS designed the “Longarina” project,
an epidemiologic study on a district of Ostia Antica (Rome)
built in the fifties under a 60 kV distribution line
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EVALUATION EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSUREOF MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE
Spot and long term measurements of magnetic induction Spot and long term measurements of magnetic induction
with Emdex Lite equipment produced by Enertech Consultantswith Emdex Lite equipment produced by Enertech Consultants
Theoretical evaluation was performed by CAMPI software
(Dr. Daniele Andreuccetti of “Nello Carrara” Institute of Applied
Physic of National Research Council in Florence), based
on geometric configuration of electric line and current
data from 1/1/1995 to 30/9/2004, both provided
by ACEA SpA, and distance of dwellings from the line
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CURRENT LOAD ON AUGUST 4th 2004CURRENT LOAD ON AUGUST 4th 2004
MAGNETIC INDUCTION MEASURED ON AUGUST 4th 2004
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THE STUDY POPULATION:THE STUDY POPULATION: INCLUSION CRITERIAINCLUSION CRITERIA
All subjects resident in any period between 1954 and 2003 in an
area 100 meters right and left of the power line: 357 subjects
We defined three sub-cohorts, based on the distance We defined three sub-cohorts, based on the distance
from the line and on the estimated exposure level:from the line and on the estimated exposure level:
A) the residents in dwellings closest to the line A) the residents in dwellings closest to the line (0-28 mt)(0-28 mt), ,
completely exposed above completely exposed above 0,4 0,4 µµT T (value estimated for an electric(value estimated for an electric current of 389 A, the maximum value registered in the last years)current of 389 A, the maximum value registered in the last years)
R) the residents in dwellings farthest from the line R) the residents in dwellings farthest from the line
(33-100 mt)(33-100 mt), completely exposed below , completely exposed below 0,33 0,33 µµT T (389 A)(389 A)
B) the residents in dwellings with parts of the buildings B) the residents in dwellings with parts of the buildings
at intermediate distances from the line, at intermediate distances from the line,
not satisfying the inclusion criteria of A and Rnot satisfying the inclusion criteria of A and R
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21
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MORTALITY STUDYMORTALITY STUDY
Follow-up: 1980-2003; reference population: RegionFollow-up: 1980-2003; reference population: Region
Results:Results:
All-causes mortalityAll-causes mortality of the cohort did not differ from expected values of the cohort did not differ from expected values (SMR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.73-1.35; 40 obs.)(SMR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.73-1.35; 40 obs.)
All cancer mortalityAll cancer mortality showed a non-significant increase (SMR 1.34, 95%CI: 0.82-showed a non-significant increase (SMR 1.34, 95%CI: 0.82-
2.18; 16 obs.), that reached statistical significance in the analyses limited to 2.18; 16 obs.), that reached statistical significance in the analyses limited to
subjects with more than 30 years of residence (SMR 2.09; 8 obs.), or of latency subjects with more than 30 years of residence (SMR 2.09; 8 obs.), or of latency
(SMR 2.24; 9 obs).(SMR 2.24; 9 obs).
All cancer mortalityAll cancer mortality was highest in the subcohort closest to the power line (0-was highest in the subcohort closest to the power line (0-28 meters) and exposed to highest levels of magnetic field (SMR 1.94, 95%CI: 28 meters) and exposed to highest levels of magnetic field (SMR 1.94, 95%CI: 0.97-3.88; 8 obs). 0.97-3.88; 8 obs).
A significantly increased risk forA significantly increased risk for digestive tract neoplasmsdigestive tract neoplasms (SMR 3.57; 5 obs)(SMR 3.57; 5 obs)
was observed, which was mainly caused bywas observed, which was mainly caused by pancreatic cancerpancreatic cancer (SMR 8.19; 4(SMR 8.19; 4
obs).obs). Mortality fromMortality from lymphohaematopoietic malignancies lymphohaematopoietic malignancies was increased based was increased based
on two cases of leukemia (SMR 2.10, 95%CI: 0.53-8.41; 2 obs). on two cases of leukemia (SMR 2.10, 95%CI: 0.53-8.41; 2 obs).
Fazzo et al, Epidemiol Prev 2005; 29:243-252Fazzo et al, Epidemiol Prev 2005; 29:243-252
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MORBIDITY STUDYMORBIDITY STUDY
Objective: Objective: To investigate the occurrence of nonfatal diseases
and to have access to hospital discharge files
which are more accurate than death certificates
Methods: Methods: We analyzed the hospital discharge records of Latium Region
for cohort members, from 1st January, 1998
through 31st December, 2003 (331 subjects)
We considered the first-visit hospital discharge record
for selected causes of each subject, subsequent
to the beginning of residence in the study area
Standardized morbidity ratios (SMR’s),
using regional population as reference,
were computed, with 95% Confidence Intervals
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MORBIDITY STUDY: RESULTS 1MORBIDITY STUDY: RESULTS 1We found 83 first-visit hospital discharge cards of study subjectsWe found 83 first-visit hospital discharge cards of study subjects
All cancerAll cancer:
non-statistically significant increase in the overall cohort
(SMR 1.25, 95%CI: 0.85-1.83; 26 obs.)
significant increase among the subjects closest (0-28 mt) to the line (SMR 1.94; 16 obs)
Primary neoplasmsPrimary neoplasms:
non-statistically significant increase in the overall cohort
(SMR 1.61, 95%CI: 0.98-2.62; 16 obs)
significant increase among subjects with more than 30 years of residence
(SMR 1.96; 10 obs) and latency (SMR 1.94; 11 obs)
significant increase among subjects closest (0-28mt) to the line (SMR 2.29; 9 obs)
Pancreatic cancer:
significant increase among men significant increase among men (SMR 16; 2 obs)(SMR 16; 2 obs)
significant increase among the subjects closest (0-28 mt) to the line significant increase among the subjects closest (0-28 mt) to the line (SMR 23; 2 obs)(SMR 23; 2 obs)
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MORBIDITY STUDY: RESULTS 2
Secondary and unspecified neoplasms:
significant increase among men in the overall cohort (SMR 4.77; 4 obs)
significant increase among the subjects closest (0-28 mt) to the line
(SMR 6.20; 4 obs)
Haematological diseases:
significant increase in the overall cohort significant increase in the overall cohort (SMR 3.13; 6 obs.)(SMR 3.13; 6 obs.)
significant increase among subjects with more than 30 years of residence significant increase among subjects with more than 30 years of residence
(SMR 5.39; 4 obs)(SMR 5.39; 4 obs) and latency and latency (SMR 5.80; 5 obs)(SMR 5.80; 5 obs)
Ischaemic heart disease:
significant increase among the subjects closest (0-28 mt) to the line significant increase among the subjects closest (0-28 mt) to the line
(SMR 2.82; 6 obs)(SMR 2.82; 6 obs)
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CONCLUDING REMARKSCONCLUDING REMARKS
The findings of mortality and morbidity studies, The findings of mortality and morbidity studies, even if based on a small number of subjects, support even if based on a small number of subjects, support
the hypothesis of an anomaly in the health status the hypothesis of an anomaly in the health status of the study population, in particular among subjects of the study population, in particular among subjects
with the longest residence and latency (more than 30 years), with the longest residence and latency (more than 30 years), and among those resident closest (0-28 mt) to the power lineand among those resident closest (0-28 mt) to the power line
Further evaluation of these findings, together with those of Further evaluation of these findings, together with those of an on-going cross-sectional health survey, an on-going cross-sectional health survey,
will help us to gain deeper insightwill help us to gain deeper insight
In the meanwhile, suitable locations for replicating In the meanwhile, suitable locations for replicating the study are being researched; a pilot study the study are being researched; a pilot study
in a district of Pisa is currently in progressin a district of Pisa is currently in progress
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Thank you for your attention.
Thanks to my colleagues, to the whole community
involved in this research, and especially to the
local Committee “against the power line”