CASE REPORT Fetal Mummification and Its Management in a ... 1Assistant Professor, Department of...
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Livestock Research International | January-March, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 01 | Pages 17-19 © 2018 Jakraya LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL Journal homepage: www.jakraya.com/journa/lri CASE REPORT Fetal Mummification and Its Management in a Jersey-Cross Cow C.F. Chaudhari 1 * and V. S. Dabas 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2 Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 396450, Gujarat, India. *Corresponding Author Dr. Chandrakant F. Chaudhari E-mail: [email protected] Received: 17/02/2018 Accepted: 21/02/2018 Abstract The present article put on record successful management of fetal mummification in a Jersey crossbred cow. Six years old Jersey crossbred cow inseminated before about five months was presented for pregnancy confirmation. On per rectal examination and ultrasonography, the case was diagnosed as fetal mummification and successfully managed by Prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ). Keywords: Crossbred cow, Fetal Mummification, Prostaglandin F 2α 1. Introduction Fetal death without luteolysis of the maternal CL results in fetal mummification or maceration (Thomas, 2007). While most often found in multiparous species, it can also occur in monotocous ones when the fetus is retained for a long time (Lefebvre, 2015). The occurrence of the disease in cattle is very low and is usually occurs after the 1 st trimester of gestation (Roberts, 1986). Reports are available where it can be managed by either therapeutically (Katiyar et al., 2015) or surgically (Desai et al., 2017). As the condition is rarely reported in crossbred cow, a case of fetal mummification in a crossbred cow successfully managed by Prostaglandin F 2α is placed on record. 2. Case Report A six year old Jersey crossbred cow was presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari for pregnancy confirmation. The animal was artificially inseminated before about five months. Per-rectal examination revealed the closed cervix and a coconut sized hard bony mass which was adhered to the uterine wall inside the right uterine horn. There was absence of fremitus and fetal fluid. However, the animal was apparently healthy and taking food and water normally. The clinical findings like rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate were in normal range. The case was further confirmed to be a fetal mummification by presence of bony mass without fetal fluid on ultrasonography (Fig 1) and decided to treat medically. 3. Treatment The cow was treated with single dose of injection PGF 2α at 25mg (Inj. Lutalyse), intramuscularly and advised to keep under observation. Subsequently, a piece of placenta hanging outside through vulva was observed by owner after 48 hours of the treatment (Fig 2). On vaginal examination; the cervix was dilated and a bony mass wrapped in the fetal membranes was palpated. Ultimately, almost a fully grown dead fetus covered with dark brown colored fetal membrane was expelled out per-vaginally by mild traction (Fig 3). Fetal examination revealed completely absorbed placental fluids with firmly adhered placenta to the dehydrated fetus and chocolate-coloured material (Fig 4). The cow was treated with Inj. Oxytetracycline LA (Oxytetracycline - 200 mg/ml) at 15 ml intramuscularly and Inj. Cadistin (Chlorphenamine maleate - 10mg/ml) at 10 ml intramuscularly. Four boluses of Metrozole-U (Nitrofurazone - 60mg, Urea - 6g) were kept inside the uterus. Bol. Involon at 1 bid for three days and Tab. Uterovet at 10 bid, p/o were fed for 5 days. 4. Discussion Fetal mummification is the term commonly employed to describe fetal death and reabsorption of fetal fluids, persistence of the corpus luteum and the retention of the fetuses within the uterus (Noakes, 1986). In cattle, fetal mummification occurs with an incidence of 0.13-1.8% (Barth, 1986) usually after 1 st trimester of pregnancy and thereafter, the dead fetus is retained into the uterus due to presence of functional corpus luteum. Desai et al. (2017) reported the condition during the second trimester. While, Vidya Sagar et al. (2014) and Shivhare et al. (2016) reported extended gestation beyond normal period. Prostaglandin F2α or an analogue is the therapeutic agent of choice for fetal mummification, with excellent prognosis for return to fertility within 1 to 3 months (Thomas, 2007). In present case, a hard bony mass with closed cervix, without fremitus and fetal fluid remains in the uterus was observed per rectally. Similar findings on rectal examination were reported by Dabas and –
Transcript of CASE REPORT Fetal Mummification and Its Management in a ... 1Assistant Professor, Department of...
Livestock Research International | January-March, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 01 | Pages 17-19 © 2018 Jakraya
LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL Journal homepage: www.jakraya.com/journa/lri
CASE REPORT
Fetal Mummification and Its Management in a Jersey-Cross Cow C.F. Chaudhari1* and V. S. Dabas2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 396450, Gujarat, India. *Corresponding Author Dr. Chandrakant F. Chaudhari E-mail: [email protected] Received: 17/02/2018 Accepted: 21/02/2018
Abstract The present article put on record successful management of fetal
mummification in a Jersey crossbred cow. Six years old Jersey crossbred cow inseminated before about five months was presented for pregnancy confirmation. On per rectal examination and ultrasonography, the case was diagnosed as fetal mummification and successfully managed by Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Keywords: Crossbred cow, Fetal Mummification, Prostaglandin F2α
1. Introduction Fetal death without luteolysis of the maternal
CL results in fetal mummification or maceration (Thomas, 2007). While most often found in multiparous species, it can also occur in monotocous ones when the fetus is retained for a long time (Lefebvre, 2015). The occurrence of the disease in cattle is very low and is usually occurs after the 1st trimester of gestation (Roberts, 1986). Reports are available where it can be managed by either therapeutically (Katiyar et al., 2015) or surgically (Desai et al., 2017). As the condition is rarely reported in crossbred cow, a case of fetal mummification in a crossbred cow successfully managed by Prostaglandin F2α is placed on record. 2. Case Report
A six year old Jersey crossbred cow was presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari for pregnancy confirmation. The animal was artificially inseminated before about five months. Per-rectal examination revealed the closed cervix and a coconut sized hard bony mass which was adhered to the uterine wall inside the right uterine horn. There was absence of fremitus and fetal fluid. However, the animal was apparently healthy and taking food and water normally. The clinical findings like rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate were in normal range. The case was further confirmed to be a fetal mummification by presence of bony mass without fetal fluid on ultrasonography (Fig 1) and decided to treat medically. 3. Treatment
The cow was treated with single dose of injection PGF2α at 25mg (Inj. Lutalyse), intramuscularly and advised to keep under observation. Subsequently, a piece of placenta hanging outside
through vulva was observed by owner after 48 hours of the treatment (Fig 2). On vaginal examination; the cervix was dilated and a bony mass wrapped in the fetal membranes was palpated. Ultimately, almost a fully grown dead fetus covered with dark brown colored fetal membrane was expelled out per-vaginally by mild traction (Fig 3). Fetal examination revealed completely absorbed placental fluids with firmly adhered placenta to the dehydrated fetus and chocolate-coloured material (Fig 4). The cow was treated with Inj. Oxytetracycline LA (Oxytetracycline - 200 mg/ml) at 15 ml intramuscularly and Inj. Cadistin (Chlorphenamine maleate - 10mg/ml) at 10 ml intramuscularly. Four boluses of Metrozole-U (Nitrofurazone - 60mg, Urea - 6g) were kept inside the uterus. Bol. Involon at 1 bid for three days and Tab. Uterovet at 10 bid, p/o were fed for 5 days. 4. Discussion
Fetal mummification is the term commonly employed to describe fetal death and reabsorption of fetal fluids, persistence of the corpus luteum and the retention of the fetuses within the uterus (Noakes, 1986). In cattle, fetal mummification occurs with an incidence of 0.13-1.8% (Barth, 1986) usually after 1st trimester of pregnancy and thereafter, the dead fetus is retained into the uterus due to presence of functional corpus luteum. Desai et al. (2017) reported the condition during the second trimester. While, Vidya Sagar et al. (2014) and Shivhare et al. (2016) reported extended gestation beyond normal period. Prostaglandin F2α or an analogue is the therapeutic agent of choice for fetal mummification, with excellent prognosis for return to fertility within 1 to 3 months (Thomas, 2007).
In present case, a hard bony mass with closed cervix, without fremitus and fetal fluid remains in the uterus was observed per rectally. Similar findings on rectal examination were reported by Dabas and –
Chaudhari and Dabas…Fetal Mummification and Its Management in a Jersey-Cross Cow
Livestock Research International | January-March, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 01 | Pages 17-19 © 2018 Jakraya
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Fig 1: Sonogram of mummified fetus
Fig 2: Placenta hanging through vulva after 48 hours of
treatment
Fig 3: Dead fetus covered with dark brown colored
fetal membrane
Fig 4: Dehydrated fetus with firmly adhered placenta
and chocolate-coloured material
Chaudhari (2011) prior to removal of mummified fetus by single injection of PGF2α in a cow. In accordance with present report, Yilmaz et al. (2011) also successfully managed twin mummified foetuses in a Holstein Friesian cow with Prostaglandin F2α. However, Bhuyan et al. (2016) reported failure of medicinal treatment to manage mummified fetus even after double injection of PGF2α at 48 hours interval, so alternatively surgical approach was made in order to remove the mummified fetus from the cow. Similarly, Ravi Kumar et al., (2017) performed caesarian section as the medicinal management (intramuscular injections of Epidosin and Oxytocin) was failed to expel the fetus. Although, Arthur et al. (1996) reported that the treatment of mummified fetus with PGF2α created some complexicity in cattle viz. maceration of mummified fetus and packed in the birth canal instead of expelled out, no such complication was experienced in the present study and the mummified fetus was easily delivered per vaginally by mild traction after 48 hours of the therapy. 5. Conclusion
Fetal mummification and its successful management by Prostaglandin F2α in a crossbred cow is discussed
References Arthur GH, Noakes DE, Person H and Parkinson TJ (1996).
Sequelae to embryonic and foetal death. In: Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 7th ed., Philadelphia; W.B. Saunders. p.127.
Barth AD (1986). Induced abortion in cattle. In: Current therapy in Theriogenology. 2nd edn. D.A. Morrow, Philadelphia; W. B. Saunders. pp. 205.
Bhuyan C, Sathapathy S, Patra R and Sahu SK (2016). Surgical management of crossbred cow having mummified fetus. International Journal of Science and Nature, 7 (3): 690-693.
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Desai SP, Sutaria TV, Thumar HK, Solanki VL, Chauhan PM and Sharma VK (2017). Surgical management of fetal mummification in HF crossbred cow. Trends in Biosciences, 10(30): 6402-6403.
Katiyar R, Sacchan SSD, Manzoor M, Rautela R, Pandey N, Prasad S and Gupta HP (2015). Haematic foetal mummification in a Sahiwal cow: case report. Journal of Livestock Science, 6: 44-46.
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Noakes DE (1986). Fertility and Obstetrics in Cattle. 1st edition. Black well scientific publishing, Great Britain.
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Ravi Kumar P, Chandra Prasad B, Bose GSC, Devi Prasad V and Sreenu M (2017). Diagnosis and management of fetal mummification in cow. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 6(5): 3044-3048.
Roberts SJ (1986). Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases, Theriogenology. 3rd edn. pp. 213-233.
Shivhare M, Kumar S, Thakur MS and Shukla SP (2016). Management of mummification of fetus in a murrah buffalo – a case report. Buffalo Bulletin, 35(4): 507-509.
Thomas PGA (2007). Induced abortion. In: Current therapy in large animal theriogenology, 2nd edition, R.S. Roungquist and W.R. Threlfall, Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. St. Louis, Missouri. pp. 309.
Vidya Sagar P, Karuna Sri V and Venkateswarlu S (2014). Surgical management of haematic fetal mummification in an Ongole cow. Scholar Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 1(4):186-188.
Yilmaz O, Celik HA, Yazici E and Ucar M (2011). Twin mummified foetuses in a Holstein Friesian cow: a case report. Veterinarni Medicina, 56 (11): 573-576.
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