CARDIAC ARRESTFatony Widianto

Definition

Cardiac arrest means that the heart suddenly stops beating. This is due to a problem with the heart's electrical system.

Cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack

Causes Ventricular fibrilation Ventriculat thacycardia Dramatic slowing of heart rate due to failure

of its pacemaker or severe heart block (interference with electrical conduction)

Respiratory arrest Choking or drowning Hypothermia Sudden loss of blood pressure Unknown causes

Risk Factors Coronary artery disease Heart attack Cardiomyopathy Enlarged heart Congenital heart disease Heart valves that do not function properly Conditions affecting the heart's electrical system Severe metabolic imbalances Adverse drug effects, such as from drugs to treat

abnormal heart rhythms Lung conditions Trauma to the chest Extensive blood loss Excessive overexertion in people with heart disorders Illicit drugs, such as cocaine use

Symptoms

Loss of consciousness No breathing No pulse

Prior to cardiac arrest, some people report the following symptoms or warning signs in the weeks before the event:

Having chest pain Feeling weak Having a pounding sensation in the chest Feeling faint

Diagnosis  

The first person to respond to a cardiac arrest should check if the person is responsive.

If the person does not respond, call for emergency medical services right away or have someone else call.

If there is an automated external defibrillator (AED) available, you or someone else should get it and follow the steps on the machine.

AED

Defibrilator

shockable

unshockable

CPR Guideline

First step, call for help. Check to see if the victim responds. If there is no response, roll the

victim over on to their back. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the victim’s chest and the

other hand right on top of the first with fingers intertwined. Now start pushing down “hard and fast” ensuring that you are delivering compressions “at least 2 inches deep.”

Keep counting as you push down and once you complete 30 compressions move on to the airway.

Tilt the victim’s head by pushing down the forehead and lifting the chin to open the airway.

Pinch shut the victim’s nose using the forefinger and thumb. Take a normal breath in, not a deep one, and give two breaths while

making sure that your mouth completely covers the victim’s mouth to create an air-tight seal. Check to see if the victim’s chest rises.

Move back to deliver chest compressions and continue the pattern of 30 compressions followed by two breaths until the time medical assistance arrives or another responder takes over.

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