Cap 1a Introduccion

7/26/2019 Cap 1a Introduccion

1/59

MOTORES DEMOTORES DECOMBUSTION INTERNACOMBUSTION INTERNA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ENFACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ENMECANICA Y CIENCIAS DE LAMECANICA Y CIENCIAS DE LA

PRODUCCINPRODUCCIN

I TERMINO 2016-2017I TERMINO 2016-2017


2/59

INTRODUCCION

HISTORIA DE LOS MOTORES DECOMBUSTION INTERNA

CLASIFICACIN

PARTES DEL MOTOR

MATERIALES


3/59

His!"i# $% &!s '!!"%s $% (!')*si+, i,%",#

. . Ei%,,% L%,!i"

F#)"i(# *, '!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",#si'i" # *, '!!" $% /#!" $% $!)&%%%(! (!, (i&i,$"! !"i3!,#&. P!s%%

(i&i,$"!s4 is!,%s4 )i%s 5 /!,%.

F*% %& "i'%" '!!" *% *% (!,s"*i$!%, (#,i$#$%s i'!"#,%s.


4/59

His!"i# $% &!s '!!"%s $% (!')*si+, i,%",#

. . Ei%,,% L%,!i"

160 '!!" $% 8#s #%,#$!4 *% %& "i'%"!*% *,(i!,# $% !"'# i#)&%4 9000 '!!"%s(!,s"*i$!s %,"% 160 #s# 169

M!!" */! :;i!4 %"! "%*i%"% $%'#si#$!(!')*si)&% #"# s#&i$# $% !%,(i#%*% $% %i(i%,(i#?

M!!" */! %& %%(! $% *% i,/%,!"%s'*%s"#, $+,$% $i"i8i" s*s #&%,!s %, %&$%s#""!&&! $%& '!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",#.


5/59

A&!,s% B%#* $% R!(#s I,8%,i%"! "#,(%s P"i'%"# #%,% (!,i"'#$# $% *, '!!" $% @ i%'!s 162 P#%,#$! =,! (!,s"*i$!? *, '!!" $% (*#"!

i%'!s (i(&! $% !%"#(i!,%s $% &!s '!!"%s $% 8#s. L# '#5!"# $% &!s '!!"%s '!$%",!s "#)##, )#s#$!s

%, %s% (i(&! G#s%s "%i"#$!s =%/#(*#$!s? $*"#,% *,# (#""%"#

M%3( (!'"i'i$# $*"#,% %& "!(%s! =/#&/*s(%""#$#s?.

M%3( %,(%,$i$# #& i,#& $% (#""%"# $% (!'"%si+,4s%8*i$! !" %;#,si+, $% &!s 8#s%s $*"#,% %"(%"#(#""%"# $%& (i(&!.

G#s%s *%'#$!s %/#(*#$!s $*"#,% (#""%"# i,#& $%&

(i(&!.


6/59

Ni(!*s A*8*s O! =12-11?

I,8%,i%"! #&%', *% i,/%,+ "i'%"##&%",#i/# "(i(# # '*i,# $% /#!"

C!,s"*5+ s* "i'%" '!!" $% 8#s %, 161.

167 (!)!"#(i+, (!, E*8%, L#,8%,4'%!"#,$! %& $is%


7/59


8/59

M!!" Si&%,(i!s! $% O!


9/59

M!!" Si&%,(i!s! $% O!

C!,s"*i$! %, 176 #"# *,(i!,#" %, %& (i(&!$% B%#* $% R!(#sJ %& '!!" $% (!')*si+,i,%",# %,"+ %, s* %## $% $%s#""!&&!

'!$%",!.

E"# s*#/% %, s* *,(i!,#'i%,!4 (!,i#)&% 5%(!,+'i(! %, (!')*si)&% 5 '*5(!,/%,i%,% #"# %& *s! %, #&&%"%s4 $!,$% %&%s#(i! %"# &i'i#$!.


10/59

2-C5(&% E,8i,%J Dugal Clerk 1854 - 1932


11/59

Di%s%& E,8i,%J Dr. Rudolph Diesel 1858-1913


12/59


13/59

120G#s!&i,# $% @0 # 60 O(#,!s

127R!)%" B!s(4 Sis%'# $% i,5%((i+, #"# '!!" Di%s%&

190 =s?S% i,("%'%,# "#3+, $% (!'"%si+,4 (!')*si)&%(!, '#5!" !(#,#%4 ("%#(i+, $% ,*%/!s '#%"i#s'%&i(!s ='#5!" "%sis%,(i#?.

197U, $%s#""!&&! i'!"#,% s!)"% '!!"%s4 s% "## $%&'!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",# "!#i/!4 $%,!'i,#$! %&'!!" #,K%& .


14/59

166Sis%'# $% i,5%((i+, #"# '!!"%s $% /%(*&!s.

170 =s?C!')*si)&% si, &!'!.S% "!)% %& *s! $% &!'! %, 8#s!&i,# =A(#$% Ai"% Li'i!?


15/59


16/59


17/59


18/59

B"%/% His!"i#E& "!)&%'# $% (!,#'i,#(i+, #')i%,#& s%

/!&/i+ ##"%,% %, 1@04 %, (i*$#$ $% L!s,8%&%s =USA?.

E, 192 s% $%'!s"+ *% %& "!)&%'# $%

(!,#'i,#(i+, $%& #i"% =s'!8? s% $%)% # "%#((i+, %,"% &!s +;i$!s $% ,i"+8%,! 5(!'*%s!s $% i$"!(#")!,! %, "%s%,(i# $% &*3 s!".

D% %(!4 '#5!" (!,"i)*(i+, $% (!,#'i,#,%s$% i$"!(#")!,! 5 +;i$!s $% ,i"+8%,! # #'+s%"#4 "!/i%,% $%& "#,s!"% #*!'!"i3.


19/59

B"%/% His!"i#E, #(*#&i$#$4 $%s*:s $% 19 #

$%s#""!&&!4 %& '!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",# #&&%8#$! # *, #&! ,i/%& $% $%s%'%


20/59

B"%/% His!"i#

N*%/#s #&%",#i/#s $% '!!"%s $%(!')*si+, i,%",# #&%s (!'! s $% (#"8#%s"#ii(#$# =(!')i,# s (#"#(%"si(#s,!"'#&'%,% #s!(i#$#s (!, $%& '!!" $%(is# 5 $i%s%&?4 *% i%,% *, 8"#,!&%"#,(i# $% (!')*si)&%4 *%$% # (!"!! &&%8#" # s%" '*5 #"#(i/! #"#

"!$*((i+, '#si/#.


21/59


22/59

E& '!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",#

MOTOR TERMICO

U, '!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",# %s *,i! $% '*i,# *% !)i%,% %,%"8#

'%(,i(# $i"%(#'%,% $% %,%"8#*'i(# "!$*(i$# !" *, (!')*si)&%*% #"$% $%,"! $% *,# ('#"# $%

(!')*si+,4 #"% "i,(i#& $% *,'!!".


23/59

E& '!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",#

S% %'&%#, '!!"%s $% (!')*si+, i,%",# $% (*#"! i!s

E& '!!" ((&i(! O!4 (*5! ,!')"% "!/i%,% $%& i,/%,!"#&%', *% &! i,/%,+4 NiK!*s A*8*s O!4 %s %& '!!"(!,/%,(i!,#& $% 8#s!&i,# *% s% %'&%# %, #*!'!!"%s 5#%"!,*i(#.

E& '!!" $i:s%&4 &'#$! #s %, !,!" $%& i,/%,!" #&%',R*$!& Di%s%&4 *,(i!,# (!, *, "i,(ii! $i%"%,% 5 s*%&%(!,s*'i" $i%s%& ! )*,K%". S% %'&%# %, i,s#(i!,%s8%,%"#$!"#s $% %,%"8# %&:("i(#4 %, sis%'#s $%"!*&si+, ,#/#&4 %, (#'i!,%s4 #*!)*s%s 5 #*!'+/i&%s.

E& '!!" "!#!"i!.

L# *")i,# $% (!')*si+,.


24/59

E& '!!" $% (!')*si+, i,%",#

C#si !$!s &!s /%(*&!s $% !5 *i&i3#, &!

*% %s &'#$! *, (i(&! $% (!')*si+, $%(*#"! i%'!s #"# (!,/%"i" 8#s!&i,# !$i%s%& # "#)#! $% &%(# ='!/i'i%,! $%& %%

$%& (i8%


25/59

2. CLASIFICACINA&i(#(i+,

A*!'!"i3 =#*!'+/i&%s 5 (#'i!,%s?


26/59

F:""%# =&!(!'!!"#s?4


27/59

A:"%# =#/i!,%s &i/i#,!s4 *")! :&i(%?


28/59

M#"i,!s =)!%s4 )**%s?


29/59

G%,%"#(i+, $% P!%,(i# =P,#s %&:("i(#s? .


30/59

B#si( Pis!, E,8i,% D%i,ii!,s

D & i & $ i &i)


31/59

D%s#'i%,!/!&*'%, $% %s#(i! &i)"%


32/59

D%i,i(i!,%s )si(#s $%& '!!"

!&*'%, $% ('#"# (

!&*'%, $% D%s#'i%,! $

R#3+, $% C!'"%si+, "


33/59

. Dis%


34/59

Ci(&! M%(,i(!C*#"! (#""%"#s =@T?


35/59

CARRERA DEADMISION

CARRERA DECOMPRESION

CARRERA DEEXPLOSION

CARRERA DEESCAPE

VALVULA DEESCAPE

ABIERTA

VALVULA DEADMISION

ABIERTA

M!!" $% (*#"! i%'!s Ci(&! O!


36/59

Carrera 1 Carrera 2 Carrera 3 Carrera 4Admisin Compresin PotenciaEscape

M!!"$% @ i%'!s Ci(&! Di%s%&


37/59

M!!" $% $!s i%'!s


38/59

ADMISION /COMPRESION

ADMISION /IGNICION

RODAMIENTO

BARRIDO

EXPANSION /ESCAPE

ESCAPE /CALENTAMIENTO

M!!" $% $!s i%'!s

M!!" $% 2 i%'!s Ci(&! Di%s%&


39/59

Carrera deAdmisin y Escape

Carrera de

Compresin

Carrera dePotencia

M!!" $% 2 i%'!s Ci(&! Di%s%&


40/59

Csii(#(i+, $% &!s '!!"%s Ti! $% C!')*si)&%

G#s!&i,#4 G#s N#*"#&4 Di%s%&4 A&(!!& ='%#,!&4%#,!&?4 Hi$"!8%,!4 B,K%"4 M%3(s.

M:!$! $% E,(%,$i$!P!" (is# =%, '!!"%s (!,/%,(i!,#&%s $!,$% '%3( %s *,i!"'% ! %, '!!"%s%s"#ii(#$!s $!,$% '%3( ,! %s *,i!"'%?

P!" (!'"%si+, =%, '!!"%s $i%s%&(!,/%,(i!,#&%s4 (!'! #')i:, %,(%,$i$! %,'!!"%s # 8#s !" %,(%,$i$! i&!! $%&(!')*si)&%?


41/59

ESPOL


42/59

Csii(#(i+, $% &!s '!!"%s M:!$! $% E,"i#'i%,!

P!" #8*#4 P!" #i"%4 N! %,"i#$! =(!,/%((i+,,#*"#& 5 "#$i#(i+,?.

%&!(i$#$A V1000 RPMM%$i# 00 # 1000 RPMB## W00 RPM


43/59

PISTON

ANILLOS DE PISTON

ARBOL DE LEVAS

BIELA

COJINETES SIMPLESO PLANOS

CIGEAL

BOMBA DE ACEITE

ACEITE

BLOQUE DE CILINDROS

CABEZA (TAPA) DE CILINDRO

VALVULABALANCIN

RESORTES DE VALVULAS

CARTER

FILTRO DE ACEITE

CHUPADOR DE ACEITE

M!!" "i,(i#&%s (!'!,%,%s


44/59

M!!" "i,(i#&%s (!'!,%,%s

Secc!" #$%"&'e$&% *#*$ Ac* +,-C -.c"0$*&1 2 #e3*&1 0e &3e e4ec#*


45/59

A 3$e&e"#e1P*#e"c% 56%7 -891:+8 HP %# -8+ RPM (Mec; Be% c$


46/59

is# $% *, '!!" %, L,%#

is# $% , '!!" %,


47/59

is# $% *, '!!" %,


48/59


49/59


50/59


51/59

is# $% *, '!!" (!, *")!(#"8#$!"

M i &


52/59

M#%"i#&%sM#%"i#&%s

L# '#5!" (#,i$#$ $% #"%s $%& '!!" $i%s%&s!, $% =e$$* 4


53/59

M#%"i#&%sM#%"i#&%s

L#s #"%s '+/i&%s *% %s, s*%#s #8"#,$%s %s*%"3!s ! $%s8#s% #&%s (!'! %&(i8%


54/59

M#%"i#&%sM#%"i#&%s

X&i'#'%,% s% #)"i(#, (i8%


55/59

M#%"i#&%sM#%"i#&%s

T%'%"#*"#s # s (*#&%s s% *,$%, &!ssi8*i%,%s '%#&%s

Hi%""! F*,$i$! 11@C 2100F

A(%"! 1@2 2700 A&*'i,i! 6@ 1200 P&!'! 27 620

T%'%"#*"#s %, %& '!!"


56/59

+88?,8 C

98-,8 C

28 @8 C

28,8 C

:8-+8 C

T%'%"#*"#s %, %& '!!"


57/59


58/59

EJERCICIOS (e"#$e%$ e -+%*+8-.)


59/59

1. P#"# %& '!!" 104 2000 00 RPM4 "#3+, $% (!'"%si+, 14 "#3+, Z 2.6J $%%"'i,%#? E& /!&*'%, $% $%s#'i%,!)? E& /!&*'%, $% (!'"%si+, =(*#,$! %& is+, %s# %, %& PMS?(? E& /!&*'%, (*#,$! %& is+, %s %, %& PMI(? E& "%# $%& is+,$? E& "%# $%& (i&i,$"! =#"# (*#&*i%" /#&!" $% ,8*&! $% '#,i/%?%? E& "%# $% ('#"# $% (!')*si+, =#s*'# (i&,$"i(#?? E& /!&*'%, $%& (i&i,$"! =#"# (*#&*i%" /#&!" $% ,8*&! $% '#,i/%?8? L!,8i*$ $% )i% 5 '#,i/%? Ei(i%,(i# :"'i(# =s*!,8# K Z 1.@?

2. P#"# %& '!!" $%& "!)&%'# 14 $%i,# L# !si(i+, $%& is+, (!, "%s%(! # (*# #"# (*#&*i%" ,8*&! $% '#,i/%. L# /%&!(i$#$ $%& is+,. L# #(%&%"#(i+, $%& is+,. G"#i*% (#$# (#"#(%"si(# (i,%'i(# 5 %s#)&%3(# s*s (!,(&*si!,%s.

. P#"# %& "!)&%'# 14 (#')i% "#3+, $% (!'"%si+, # 194 (!'#"% &!s "%s*$!s 5 #,#&i(% %i(i%,(i#:"'i(# 5 %s#)&%3(# s*s (!,(&*si!,%s.

@. E, *, $i#8"#'# $% (*%"! &i)"% $%'*%s"% s *%"3#s *% s% "!$*(%, %, %& (!,*,! is+,4 )i%-'#,i/% $%)i$! # "%si+, $% &!s 8#s%s $% (!')*si+, $%,"! $%& (i&i,$"!.

Cap 1a Introduccion

Documents

Transcript of Cap 1a Introduccion