Cabin Safety 2007 TGreen

8/8/2019 Cabin Safety 2007 TGreen

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Reduction of Head and Neck Loads

in Side Impacts

FifthTriennial Fire and Cabin Safety Conference

October 30, 2007

Tom Green [email protected]


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Side Facing Aircraft Seats


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Side Facing Seat Special Condition Test Set Up

Side Facing Rigid Seat Middle Position Test ATD ES2 Test Pulse 16g and 21g Restraint 3pt Inflatable vs 3pt Core

Dynamic Impact Test Result Head and Neck Response Test Video Conclusions

Agenda


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Side Facing Seat - Special Condition

Regulation Evolution: Seat Structure Aircraft Certification Basis:

Pre 1988 (Pre FAR 2x.562) Static

Post 1988 Dynamic (sled) with Test Dummy

Head Injury Criteria (HIC)Lumbar Spine Femur

Note: GA shoulder belt requirement is in FAR 23.785 and predates FAR 23.562.


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Side Facing Seats Must Offer Equivalent Protection as Forward Facing

FAA Issue Paper sets Requirements for Application

No Body to Body Contact W eb Loads

Injury Criteria - (HIC plus FMVSS 214)Research into Injury Evaluation in Process by CAMI

New Regulations Pending

Side Facing Seats Special Condition


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Side Facing Seating Positions ES-2 InstrumentationLocation Description ChannelsHead Triax accelerometer pack Ax,Ay,Az

Neck 6-axis upper load cell Fx,Fy,Fz,Mx,My,Mz6- axis lower load cell Fx,Fy,Fz,Mx,My,Mz

Shoulder Three axis load cell Fx,Fy,FzTriax accelerometer pack Ax,Ay,Az

Thorax 3 Rib displacements Dy3 Rib accelerations Ay4-axis torso back plate load cell Fx,Fy,My,MzT1 Triax accelerometer pack Ax,Ay,Az

Abdomen Four axis T12 load cell Fx,Fy,Mx,My3 Abdomen load cells FyPelvis 3-axis lower lumbar spine load cell Fy,Fz,Mx

Pubic symphysis load cell FyT12 Triax accelerometer pack Ax,Ay,Az

Legs Triax accelerometer pack Ax,Ay,AzSix axis femur load cell Fx,Fy,Fz,Mx,My,Mz


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Current Side Facing Seats

Injury Criteria, FAA Special Conditions

Criteria (50%M Hybrid III SID) Limit

Head Injury Criteria (HIC) HIC < 1000 Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI) TTI < 85 g s

Pelvic lateral acceleration peak < 130 g s

Webbing loads Force peak < 1750 lbs Body to body contact No Injury (subjective)

Neck Injury mentioned (not defined)


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Anticipated Injury Criteria SFS FAACriteria (50%M ES2) Limits

HIC36


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Test Setup


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Test Matrix

Restraint Type ATD Test No.16g 3pt. Core ES2 M i le 001021g 3pt. Core ES2 M i le 0011

16g 3pt. AAIR ES2 M i le 0014

21g 3pt. AAIR ES2 M i le 0013

Test

Pulse

Seat

Position


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Impact Conditions

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 .00 0 .02 0 .04 0 .06 0 .08 0 .10 0 .12 0 .14 0 .16 0 .18 0 .20time, sec

G ' s

H0010 Core PulseH0011 Core PulseH0013 AAIR PulseH0014 AAIR Pulse

Min Delta Velocity:

42 ft/sec

(12.8 m/sec)

44 ft/sec

(13.4 m/sec)


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Head and Neck Response

S ide Facing S eat Test Envi r onmentTe t Pul e (g) 16.2 22.4 16.5 21.4

delta V (ft/ e ) 45.0 42.5 44.8 42.3

Re traint T pe 3pt. Core 3pt. Core 3pt. AAIR 3pt. AAIR

ES2 ATD ResponseHIC 1074 1611 138 239

Nij lateral 1.23 1.19 0.58 0.7Nij fore/aft 0.47 0.56 0.55 0.56


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Side Facing Divan

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

3pt. Core 3pt. Core 3pt. AAIR 3pt. AAIR

16g 21g 16g 21g

H I C

Head ES2 Response


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Head ES2 Response Side Facing Divan 16 g

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

0 .00 0 .02 0 .04 0 .06 0 .08 0 .10 0 .12 0 .14 0 .16 0 .18 0 .20time, sec

A c c e

l e r a

t i o n ,

g ' s

Head Resultant Core H 0010

Head Resultant AAIR H 0014


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Head ES2 Response Side Facing Divan 21 g

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

0 .00 0 .02 0 .04 0 .06 0 .08 0 .10 0 .12 0 .14 0 .16 0 .18 0 .20time, sec

A c c e

l e r a

t i o n ,

g ' s

Head Resultant Core H 0011

Head Resultant AAIR H 0013


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Neck Injury Criteria

Fore/aft N ij

Nij = ten on (F ) + f e on moment (M )r t a ten on (F ) r t a f e on moment (M )

Latera N

N ij = ten on (F ) + atera moment (M )

r t a ten on (F ) r t a f e on moment (M )


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Neck Injury Criteria Nij Coeffi ient

Fo r wa r d FMVS 208M fle ion 2748 in lb.

M e ten ion 1200 in lb.F ten ion 1530 lb.

F omp r e ion 1385 lb.

Late r al FAA P r opo ed

M left 530 in lb.M r ight 530 in lb.

F ten ion 1530 lb.F omp r e ion 1385 lb.


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Neck Injury Potential H- III Uppe r eck Fz r r es Pos i ion

0

100

2 00

300

400

500

600

0 0 .02 0 .04 0 .06 0 .08 0 .1 0 .12 0 .14 0 .16 0 .18 0 .2T i e , S

e c

k L o a

d ,

l b f

Fz F0388 I

Fz F0386 S d 3 -P


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Neck Injury Potential H- III Uppe r eck Fz r r es Pos i ion

0

100

2 00

300

400

500

600

0 0 .02 0 .04 0 .06 0 .08 0 .1 0 .12 0 .14 0 .16 0 .18 0 .2T i e , S

e c

k L o a

d ,

l b f

Fz F0388 I

Fz F0386 S d 3 -P


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Neck Injury Potential H- III pp k - t o ition

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 0 .02 0 .04 0 .06 0 .08 0 .1 0 .12 0 .14 0 .16 0 .18 0 .2

T i ,

k

o

n t , i n

- l

F 0388 I

F0386

td3-P

t


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Neck Injury Potential S ide Fac ing Divan 16g Tes t

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0.00 0 .02 0.04 0 .06 0 .08 0 .10 0 .12 0.14 0 .16 0 .18 0 .2 0tim e , sec

H 0014 AAIR N ijH 0010 Cor e Nij


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Upper Neck ES2 Response Side Facing Divan

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

3pt. Core 3pt. Core 3pt. AAIR 3pt. AAIR

16g 21g 16g 21g

Nij la teral

Nij fore/af t


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Images of 16 g Impact Test


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21 g Impact Test - Videos


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16 g Impact Test - Videos


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Conclusions Standard 3pnt Restraint Demonstrated a high risk potential for head and neck injury

Airbag 3pnt Restraint Demonstrated ability to mitigate both head and neck injury

Side Facing configurations can pass the current and proposed regulatory injury criteria

using AAIR AAIR demonstrated a step change in reducing head and neck loading

Cabin Safety 2007 TGreen

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