By: Madison Maynard. Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny — The idea that the destiny of the United...
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Transcript of By: Madison Maynard. Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny — The idea that the destiny of the United...
By: Madison Maynard
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny — The idea that the destiny of the United States was to expand westward so that it stretched from sea to sea
Facts• Idea or phrase coined
by newspaper publisher John L. O’Sullivan
• Coined in 1845
Oregon Country
Oregon Country – huge area of land between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean
States• Washington• Oregon• Idaho• Montana• Wyoming
Facts• Obtained by a treaty
with Great Britain• It was a joint
occupation• Joint occupation – the
possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries
Oregon Trail
Facts• 2000 mile journey• Started in the Mississippi
Valley• Goes through and over the
Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains
Rivers Crossed• Platte• Snake• Columbia
“Fifty-Four Forty”• Democratic slogan for
the presidential election of 1844
• Referred to the longitude and latitude that the democrats believed should be the nation’s northern border in Oregon
Texas
Main Idea – Texas won their independence from Mexico and asked to be admitted to the United States
Facts• Conflict started in 1803• Stephen F. Austin organized
the first land grant colony in Texas
• General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna became the President of Mexico in 1833
Mexican Decree of 1830• Stopped all immigration
from the U.S.• Stopped all trade with
the U.S.• Encouraged
immigration from Mexico and European countries
• Angered Texas
The Battle of the Alamo• The Alamo was a small
Spanish mission in Texas• The location of the
infamous “Battle of the Alamo”
• William B. Travis was the commander of the forces located there.
• The 184 men held off Santa Anna’s troops for twelve days.
• On March 12, 1836 cannon fire smashed the Alamo’s walls and Santa Anna’s troops rushed in.
• Everyone was killed except for the woman and children, so that they could tell the tale
• Among the dead were William B. Travis, Davy Crockett, and James Bowie.Meanwhile, at Washington-On-The-Brazos on March 2, 1836, the
Texans were officially declaring their independence. Sam Houston was became the Commander in Chief of the Texas forces.
The Battle of San Jacinto
Facts• Occurred on April 21,
1836• The Battle Calls were:• “Remember the Alamo!”• “Remember Goliad!”• At the end of the battle,
Santa Anna signed a treaty recognizing Texas’ Independence
• Andrew Jackson refused to allow Texas to become a slave state because it would upset the balance between slave states and free states in Congress
• Texas was officially became a state on December 29, 1845
• James K. Polk was president during this time
War With MexicoStates Included in Territory:• New Mexico• Arizona• Nevada• Utah• Colorado• Wyoming
The Santa Fe Trail• The path taken by the first
American trader—William Becknell
• Started at the Missouri River• Crossed the prairies and
followed the Arkansas river west
• Came to the Rockies, then turned south into New Mexico Territories
Facts• Trade with New Mexico
affected the U.S., because many people started settling there and wanted that land
War with Mexico, cont. Facts• Spanish Missions influenced the culture in California• John C. Fremont described the climate as “mild climate and
scenic beauty”• Extending the U.S. to the Pacific Ocean was rationalized by the
people saying that they would be safely bordered by an ocean, rather than a foreign nation.
Start of the War• The U.S. claimed that the border of Texas was the Rio Grande
river• Mexico claimed that the border was the Nueces River• Polk called an emergency cabinet meeting to decide whether
there were grounds for war with Mexico• They agreed that there were grounds for war
War with Mexico, cont.• Frederick Douglass called the war “cruel” and “disgraceful” because he
believed that the Western Expansion of the United States would carry slavery with it.
• The Republic of California’s flag was called the California Bear Flag because it is white with a bear and a star on it.
End of the War• Polk sent General Winfield Scott to capture Mexico City• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war in February 1848• The border of Texas was the Rio Grande River• We obtained California and New Mexico• In 1853 we had the Gadsden Purchase, which cost us $10 million.• We obtained the southern edge of Arizona and New Mexico
New Settlers in California and Utah
Gold Rush• 1849• California• The people who came were
came the forty-niners• They had to cross the Sierra
Nevada mountain range to get there
• Mexico, South America, China, Europe, and Australia all sent ’49ers
• Boomtown—a community experiencing a sudden growth in business or population (esp. during the 19th Century)
• San Francisco went from a tiny village to a city of about 2000 people
Religious Refuge in Utah• The Mormons took refuge
in Utah• Their founder was Joseph
Smith• A mob in Illinois killed him
in 1844• Brigham Young took his
place• They settled near the Great
Salt Lake, (Salt Lake City)• Utah became a state in
1896
• Americans accept Manifest Destiny
• As the East becomes more crowded, Americans want more land
• The West contains furs, lumbers, and precious metals
Causes
• Native Americans are forced off of their lands
• The United States wars with Mexico
• The U.S. extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Effects