Similarities in the 4 Early CivsSimilarities in the 4 Early Civs

Tigris-Euphrates = Sumerian, Tigris-Euphrates = Sumerian, MesopotamianMesopotamian

EgyptianEgyptian

Indus ValleyIndus Valley

China = Shang dynastyChina = Shang dynasty

Similarities in the 4 Early CivsSimilarities in the 4 Early Civs

Government Government – – government and religions were government and religions were

connectedconnected Empire – central government Empire – central government

controlled, often through force, controlled, often through force, several groups or societies and their several groups or societies and their territoriesterritories

Dynastic cycle in Egypt and ChinaDynastic cycle in Egypt and China

Similarities in the 4 Early CivsSimilarities in the 4 Early Civs

EconomicsEconomics Agricultural goods were the basis of Agricultural goods were the basis of

the economy.the economy. Government regulation of trade.Government regulation of trade. People paid taxes in labor or People paid taxes in labor or

products.products.

Similarities in the 4 Early CivsSimilarities in the 4 Early Civs

ReligionReligion – – PolytheismPolytheism Based on forms of sacrifice and ritualsBased on forms of sacrifice and rituals

Social classesSocial classes – – Small group of people in upper class, large Small group of people in upper class, large

numbers in lower classes.numbers in lower classes. Warriors and priests were the top class – Warriors and priests were the top class –

government workers and merchants government workers and merchants sometimessometimes formed a small “middle class” formed a small “middle class”

Similarities in the 4 Early CivsSimilarities in the 4 Early Civs

By 1000 bce, the four civilizations By 1000 bce, the four civilizations were in decline.were in decline.

ClassicalClassical Civilizations of Civilizations of China, India, & the China, India, & the

MediterraneanMediterranean

About 1000 BCE to about 500 CEAbout 1000 BCE to about 500 CE

Classical IndiaClassical India

China under the Han DynastyChina under the Han Dynasty

Greek City-StatesGreek City-States

Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Remember that the classical Remember that the classical civilizations . . .civilizations . . .

built on achievements of earlier built on achievements of earlier societies and civs. societies and civs.

China – many of the characteristics China – many of the characteristics and institutions of the Shang period and institutions of the Shang period continued into the classical period. continued into the classical period. (Chinese culture continued!)(Chinese culture continued!)

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley had Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley had some influence on elements of later some influence on elements of later civilizations.civilizations.

However, there was However, there was much less of a direct much less of a direct

influenceinfluence on the later civilizations of Eurasia. on the later civilizations of Eurasia.

So, classical civs were So, classical civs were not not simple simple continuations of earlier civilizations.continuations of earlier civilizations.

Classical CivilizationsClassical Civilizations

Were Were characterized by characterized by expansion and expansion and integrationintegration

EXPANSION EXPANSION (how they (how they spread)spread)

Military ConquestMilitary Conquest Population growthPopulation growth Migration and cultural diffusionMigration and cultural diffusion

INTEGRATION (how they brought INTEGRATION (how they brought people “together”)people “together”) The governments and The governments and

their bureaucracies their bureaucracies reached out to rule and reached out to rule and administer territories.administer territories.

Internal trade systems.Internal trade systems. Culture (beliefs, Culture (beliefs,

religions, ethics) drew religions, ethics) drew people together.people together.

INTERACTION between the INTERACTION between the Classical Civilizations?Classical Civilizations?

There were connections by There were connections by long-distance trade.long-distance trade.

There was There was somesome cultural cultural interaction between the interaction between the Mediterranean and India.Mediterranean and India.

But developments within each But developments within each civilization, more than contacts civilization, more than contacts between, marked this period of between, marked this period of history.history.

Focus for AP WORLD HistoryFocus for AP WORLD History Major political developmentsMajor political developments Social and gender structuresSocial and gender structures Major trading patterns within the Major trading patterns within the

civilizations and between the civilizations and between the civilizationscivilizations

Arts, sciences, and technologyArts, sciences, and technology Development of traditions and Development of traditions and

institutionsinstitutions