BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of...

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BONES of UPPER LIMB.

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Transcript of BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of...

Page 1: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

BONES of UPPER LIMB.

Page 2: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

OBJECTIVES

• Skeleton definition and functions specially bones.

• Brief review of classification of bones.• Common land marks or features of bones.• Individual features of Upper limbs bones

Page 3: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

SKELETON

Skeleton system consist of several types of tissue• Cartilage( connective tissue semi rigid)• Bones (rigid type of connective tissue)

The Skelton (Bones) provides• Protection • Locomotion• Storage of (Minerals)• Synthesis of blood (from bone marrow)

Page 4: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.
Page 5: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.
Page 6: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

Classification of Bones

BONES MAY BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO REGION. (Appendicular and Axial )

SHAPE. (Long ,Short ,Irregular, Flat and Sesamoid)

DEVELOPMENTAL (Cartilaginous and Membranous)

STRUCTURAL ( Spongy and Compact)

Page 7: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

APPENDICULAR SKELETONSHOULDER GIRDLES

Clavicle 2Scapula 2

UPPER EXTREMITIESHumerus 2

Radius 2Ulna 2

Carpals 16Metacarpals 10Phalanges 28

PELVIC GIRDLEHip bone 2

LOWER EXTREMITIESFemur 2Patella 2Fibula 2Tibia 2

Tarsals 14Metatarsals 10phalenges 28

Page 8: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

AXIAL SKELETON.SKULL

Cranium 8Face 14Auditory ossicles 6

28Hyoid 1

Vertebrae (including sacrum and coccyx)

Cervical 7 ,thorax 12 and lumbar 5 26Sternum 1Ribs 24

Page 9: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.
Page 10: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

Classification

• According to shape.• Long . eg, Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna.

Femur Tibia Fibula.• Short. eg, Hand and Foot bones.• Irregular . eg, Vertebrae , Hip bones .• Flat . eg, Scapula Sternum Skull.• Sesamoid. eg, Patella and Pisiform.

Page 11: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

EACH LONG BONES HAS

• Epiphysis• Diaphyis.• Metaphysis.

Epiphysial plat. Is a Cartilage present in between the diaphysis Epiphysis .

Bone

Page 12: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

Epiphysis.

Metaphysis

Diaphysis

Page 13: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

COMMON FEATURES OF THE BONES• Condyles: Rounded Knuckle Like Area • Crest: Thick border • Epicondyle: eminence superior to condyle• Facet: a smooth flat area usually covered with

cartilage where bone articulates with another bone.• Grove: elongated depression• Head: a large rounded end makes the articulation• Tubercle: a small rounded elevation• Tuberosity : a large rounded elevation

Page 14: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

THE CLAVICLEIs the long bone lying in horizontally connects the upper limb with the axial SkeltonMain features of the clavicle• Two ends medial & lateral• Two curvatures medial &

lateral• Two surfaces inferior &

Superior• Two borders. Anterior and

posterior.

Page 15: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

Clavicle

Page 16: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

SCAPULA Flat triangular bone

Following are the important features

Three Borders :lateral , medial and superior.

Three Angles: Superior inferior and lateral.

Spine: Triangular in shape at the posterior surface of scapula.

Acromion process projects above the glevoid cavity from the lateral side of spine.

Glenoid cavity. Pear shaped at lateral angle.

Three Fossae supraspinous , infraspinous & subscapular.

Two notches supra-scapular & spino-glenoind.

Two Surfaces. Anterior(costal) and posterior.

Page 17: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

SCAPULA

Page 18: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

HUMERUS Is the long bone of armFollowing are main features• Head:• Tubercle: Lesser and

greater tubercle.• Bicipital grove: Between

two tubercles.• Trochlea: Pulley shaped on

lateral side of lower end . • Capitulam:On Medial side

lower end • Epicondyle: lateral and

medial.

Page 19: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.
Page 20: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

RADIUS Is located on lateral

side of forarm

• Following are main features

• Head (disc shape)• Neck• Tuberosity• Latereral styloid

process

Page 21: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

RADIUS AND ULNA.

Page 22: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

ULNA

• Medial side bone of the fore arm

Following are the important Features.

• Head (on lower side.)• Medial Styloid process• Trochlear notch• Olecranon process• Ulnar notch

Page 23: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.
Page 24: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

CARPAL BONE (Eight bones)

Arranged in two rows Proximal and Distal.• Scaphoid .• Lunate.• Triquetral.• Pisiform.

• Trepezium.• Trepizoid.• Capitate.• Hamate.

Page 25: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.
Page 26: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

METACARPAL

Five in numberspresent in the palmof the hand.

• First number starts from lateral side.

Page 27: BONES of UPPER LIMB.. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features.

PHALANGES.

• Total fourteen• Two in the thumb• Three in each of the

remaining fingers.


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