BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Presented By

Anchorage Fire Department

WHY are we doing this training?

WHY are we doing this training?

We can’t ignore it!

OSHA BB Pathogen standard“The employer shall provide an annual training for all employees…”

OSHA 1910.1030

The more you know, the better you will perform in real situations!

DefinitionDefinition

“Bloodborne Pathogen"

means any pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans.

  These pathogens include, but are not limited to HBV, HIV and HCV.

Common BB Pathogen DiseasesCommon BB Pathogen Diseases

Malaria

Brucellosis

Syphilis

Hepatitis B(HBV)

Hepatitis C(HCV)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HEPATITIS HEPATITIS

Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E: More Serious Than You Think

Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver.

Viral hepatitis refers to several common diseases caused by viruses that can lead to swelling and tenderness of the liver.

HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A

Hepatitis A – is known as “Infectious Hepatitis”.

This disease is often associated with fecal contamination in water and is spread person-to-person through poor sanitary habits and the intake of uncooked food or unclean water.

It takes about 15-50 days to develop symptoms of hepatitis A after exposure.

Symptoms usually disappear even without treatment about two weeks later.

Symptoms resemble the flu.

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B

What is Hepatitis B?

Caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)Is a disease that damages the liver, causing symptoms that range from mild or unapparent to severe or fatal.

Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis B (HBV)

Symptoms include:

jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting

HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood

Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure

What occupational exposures put a worker at risk for HBV?What occupational exposures put a worker at risk for HBV?

Contact with blood or potentially infectious body fluids through:

1. Needle-stick

2. Mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth

3. Broken or non-intact skin

Hepatitis Can Not be spread:Hepatitis Can Not be spread:breast feeding sneezing hugging or kissing coughing sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses food or water casual contact

HBV can live in a dry environment for at least 7 days.

HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS C

Hepatitis C is considered to be a more serious threat to fire fighters, paramedics and EMT’s than hepatitis B virus.

According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States.

Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis C (HCV)

Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting

May lead to chronic liver disease and death

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS

HIV depletes the immune system

HIV does not survive well outside the body

There is no threat on contracting

HIV through casual contact

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

You cannot “catch” HIV: You cannot “catch” HIV:

through the air (like a cold or flu)

through casual, everyday contact

(sharing bathrooms, kitchens, etc.) through nonsexual social situations

through insects or mosquitoes

through urine, feces, nasal secretions, sputum, vomitus, saliva, sweat or tears from an infected person.

HIV cannot live in dry environment for more than a few hours.

Once the virus is dead – it’s dead. You cannot “reactivate” it by adding water.

MeningitisMeningitis

Bacterial MeningitisNeisseria meningitidis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection

Viral Meningitis

Fungal Meningitis

Shingles Shingles “Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often with blisters that is caused by the varicella zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox.

Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles because it remains in the body after the chickenpox infection clears

Shingles most commonly occurs in people 50 years old or older.”

CDC Posted Jan 2011

TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS

AIRBORNE PATHOGEN

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:

•COUGHING

•SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS

•NIGHT SWEATS

TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS

Spread through the air by coughing, sneezing, laughs, or singing.

Alaska has a high rate of TB in its rural population.

Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms

High fever

Headache

Stiff neckOther Symptoms

Nausea

Vomiting

Discomfort looking into bright lights

Confusion

sleepiness

TETANUS TETANUS

A bacterial disease that affects the nervous system.

Caused by soil contaminated with manure.

Health & Human Services recommends being vaccinated.

VaccinationsVaccinations

VaccinationsVaccinations

Hepatitis A

Vaccine available

Strongly endorsed by medical communities.

Offered to all potentially exposed employees.

Provided at no cost to employees

Declination forms are available for those not wanting the immunization.

VaccinationsVaccinations

Hepatitis B (HBV)

There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C.

Vaccinations

Hepatitis C

There is no vaccine at the present time.

VaccinationsVaccinations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

For Bacterial MeningitisMeningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) Ages 2 to 55 years of age

Menactra® (2005)

Menveo® (2010)

Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) Older than 55 years of age

Menomune® (1981)

VaccinationsVaccinationsMeningitis

VaccinationVaccination

MMR (Measles, mumps & Rubella)

Varicella (Chickenpox)

Influenza

Viral Meningitis

VaccinationsVaccinations

Shingles

CDC recommends Zostavax for use in people 60 years old and older to prevent shingles. This is a one-time vaccination.

TetanusThe vaccine is Tetanus toxoid. It is usually given with Diphtheria, & Pertussis vaccine. (DTP)

Typically, a booster is given if a wound is dirty and the last Td booster was given more than 5 years previous to the injury.

Otherwise, recommendation for Tetanus Booster is every 10 years.

VaccinationsVaccinations

Your Exposure PotentialYour Exposure PotentialIndustrial exposure

Administering first aid

Post-accident cleanup

Handling of returned product

Janitorial or maintenance work

Handling of any waste products

P&I 200-2 “Infectious Disease Prevention & Control Program.

Standard PrecautionsStandard PrecautionsUse of proper PPE

Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated

Proper cleanup and decontamination

Disposal of all contaminated material in the proper manner

Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)

Anything that is used to protect a person from exposure

Operation Gloves Glasses Mask Impervious Gown

Any medical response Yes Yes Optional Optional

Uncontrolled bleeding Yes Yes Yes Yes

Controlled bleeding Yes Yes Optional Optional

Childbirth Yes Yes Yes Yes

Coughing, spitting patient Yes Yes Yes Optional

Nebulized Medications Yes Yes Yes Optional

Invasive airway procedures Yes Yes Yes Optional

Handling/cleaning possibly contaminated equipment

Yes Yes Optional Optional

Handling/cleaning obviously contaminated equipment

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Cleaning the patient compartment after a call – without obvious contamination

Yes Yes Optional Optional

Station Cleaning Yes Optional No No

Required PPE Table

Always check PPE for defects or tears before usingIf PPE becomes torn or defective remove and get newRemove PPE before leaving a contaminated area

Do not reuse disposable equipment

PPE Rules to RememberPPE Rules to Remember

Decontamination of PPEDecontamination of PPEPPE should be removed and disposed of in biohazard containers.

The cleaning of contaminated PPE and work uniforms shall not be done at home.

Non-disposable PPE shall be cleaned whenever necessary.

Regulated Medical WasteRegulated Medical WasteLiquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM)

Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM when compressed

Contaminated sharps

Pathological and microbiological

waste containing blood

or OPIM

Signs & LabelsSigns & LabelsLabels must include the universal biohazard symbol, and the term “Biohazard” must be attached to:

containers of regulated biohazard waste

refrigerators or freezers containing blood or OPIM

containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or OPIM

Exposure IncidentExposure Incident

Report all exposures involving blood or bodily fluids to dispatch.

Dispatch will contact the on duty Safety Officer.

Do not seek treatment without contacting the Safety Officer.

Post-exposure EvaluationPost-exposure EvaluationConfidential medical evaluation

Document route of exposure

Identify source individual

Test source individuals blood (with individuals consent)

Provide results to exposed employee

RecordkeepingRecordkeepingMedical records include:

Vaccination status

Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up results

Training records include:

Training dates

Contents of the training

Name of trainer and trainee

Hand WashingHand Washing

Wash hands immediately after removing PPE

A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap and water as soon as possible thereafter

Hand washing is your best defense against exposure.

ProtectionProtection

The best defense is a great offense.Recognize and protect yourself

Keep up to date with recommended immunizations is the best defense.

Maintaining healthy habits, like getting plenty of rest, washing hands.

In ConclusionIn ConclusionBB pathogen rules

are in place for your health and safety

Failure to follow them is a risk that does not

need to be taken

Contact your Safety Officer.