Bioterrorism: บทบาทของแพทย์ในการรับมือกับ อาวุธชีวภาพ- ช่วงสงครามโลกครั้งที่
Bioterrorism Research
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Transcript of Bioterrorism Research
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TOPICAL THEME FOR TODAY–BIOTERRORISM
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TOPICAL THEME FORTODAY-BIOTERRORISM• The topic of bioterrorism comprises a variety of
topics and approaches, and is timely.
• Notable among the highly cited papers are reportson the genome sequences or the specificbiochemical actions of the pathogens underlyinganthrax, smallpox, plague, and other scourgeswhose causative agents have the potential to beweaponized.
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TOPICAL THEME FORTODAY-BIOTERRORISM (cont.)• Additional topics include the technology of
bio-sensors and other means of detection, alongwith the development of vaccines and othercounter-measures.
• Other papers assess the public-health andenvironmental aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, oroffer more general discussions of preparednessand emergency management.
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HOW DID WE DEFINE THE TOPIC?• Searched titles, abstracts,
and keywords across Webof Science-– Science Citation Index
Expanded– Social Science Citation
Index– Arts and Humanities
Citation Index– Conference Proceedings
Citation Index- science– Conference Proceedings
Citation Index- socialscience/humanities
agroterror* bio defen*
bio* containm* Biodefen*
biochemicalweapon* biological war*
chem* attack Counterterroris*
emergencypreparedness
homelandsecurit*
nerve agent* germ war*
bio* attack* anthrax*
bioterror* Biothreat*
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YOU NEED TO KNOW…• What are the hot topics related to bioterrorism?
• Who are the key researchers?
• Which countries and institutions are most active inthis topic? Which are most highly cited?
• Which US government organizations are focusingmore on bioterrorism research?
• Who’s collaborating in this area?
• What journals focus on the topic?
• What funding agencies most frequently fund thisresearch?
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ABOUT THIS DATASET- BIOTERRORISM
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ABOUT THIS DATASET-BIOTERRORISM (CONT.)• 15,290 journal articles in 239 journal categories
(1981-2008)
• 2,485 conference proceedings papers
• 63% of papers were cited
• 138,789 total citations received, for an average of9.08 cites/paper– 76% of the materials are articles and reviews, and they
have an average citation rate of 11.46
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ABOUT THIS DATASET-BIOTERRORISM (CONT.)• 176 of the papers (1.5% of the set) are in the top
1% of their field. Almost 800 are in the top 10%of their field.
• The research appeared in over 3,000 journals.
• Research from 142 countries
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RESEARCH ON BIOTERRORISM HASINCREASED, PARTICULARLY IN THE PAST 5YEARS
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TOP SUBJECT CATEGORIESJOURNAL CATEGORY PAPERS
PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 1,145
MICROBIOLOGY 1,060
BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1,040
IMMUNOLOGY 958
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL 889
CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL 885
CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 839
INFECTIOUS DISEASES 794
BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 776
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 769
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DRILL DOWN TO SPECIFIC TOPIC:ANTHRAX
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MOST HIGHLY CITED PAPER-LAST 10 YEARSGenome sequence of Yersinia pestis, the causativeagent of plague. Nature 2001 (article)
Average citationsspecific to journal, year,and document type
Percentile rank specific to fieldand year. The closer to zero,the more highly cited.
Citations received per year
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ROLE-UP METRICS INTO SUMMARY FIGURESE.G. ALL US NAVY RESEARCH
Productivity # papers 156
Total influence # citations 2,343H-index 26
Efficiency Avg. citation rate 15.02
Percent of papers cited 82.05
H-index: This statistic reflects the number of papers(N) in a given dataset having N or more citations.26 of US Navy's 156 papers were cited at least26 times each.
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ROLE-UP METRICS INTO SUMMARY FIGURESE.G. ALL US NAVY RESEARCH (CONT.)
C-index (journal performance ratio): equals thesum of all actual citations divided by the sum of all theexpected citations, producing a ratio of actual toexpected for a group of papers.
Relative Impact/Bench-marking
C-index 1.20
Average percentile 40.61
% papers in top 10% of their field 38
% papers in top 1% of their field 4.23
Special-ization Disciplinarity index 0.04
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ROLE-UP METRICS INTO SUMMARY FIGURESE.G. ALL US NAVY RESEARCH (CONT.)Average percentile: average of the percentilemeasurements for the papers in this set.
•Indicates performed overall, with each paper’s citationcount having been normalized for its field of study andyear.
Relative Impact/Bench-marking
C-index 1.20
Average percentile 40.61
% papers in top 10% of their field 38
% papers in top 1% of their field 4.23
Special-ization Disciplinarity index 0.04
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WHICH COUNTRIES ARE MOST ACTIVE?
47% of papers have only US authors
Bioterrorism research:Papers per country, 1999-2008
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COMPARE COUNTRIES WITHCITATION METRICS
TotalPapers
TotalCites
Avg.Citesper
PaperH
Index
C Index(Journal
PerformanceRatio)
Avg.Percentil
e
USA 6,764 67,816 10.03 91 1.03 49.89
China 207 1,223 5.91 15 1.17 59.09
India 216 1,144 5.30 17 0.80 63.49
Germany 473 4,199 8.88 33 1.00 51.89
Allbioterrorism
papers12,316 96,710 7.85 94 1.01 53.98
These metrics normalizefor field, age, and sizedifferences.
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COMPARE COUNTRIES WITHCITATION METRICS (CONT.)
TotalPapers
TotalCites
Avg.Citesper
PaperH
Index
C Index(Journal
PerformanceRatio)
Avg.Percentil
e
USA 6,764 67,816 10.03 91 1.03 49.89
China 207 1,223 5.91 15 1.17 59.09
India 216 1,144 5.30 17 0.80 63.49
Germany 473 4,199 8.88 33 1.00 51.89
Allbioterrorism
papers12,316 96,710 7.85 94 1.01 53.98
These metrics normalizefor field, age, and sizedifferences.
USA
China
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COMPARE COUNTRIES WITHCITATION METRICS (CONT.)
TotalPapers
TotalCites
Avg.Citesper
PaperH
Index
C Index(Journal
PerformanceRatio)
Avg.Percentil
e
USA 6,764 67,816 10.03 91 1.03 49.89
China 207 1,223 5.91 15 1.17 59.09
India 216 1,144 5.30 17 0.80 63.49
Germany 473 4,199 8.88 33 1.00 51.89
Allbioterrorism
papers12,316 96,710 7.85 94 1.01 53.98
These metrics normalizefor field, age, and sizedifferences.
India
Germany
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COMPARE COUNTRIES WITHCITATION METRICS (CONT.)
TotalPapers
TotalCites
Avg.Citesper
PaperH
Index
C Index(Journal
PerformanceRatio)
Avg.Percentil
e
USA 6,764 67,816 10.03 91 1.03 49.89
China 207 1,223 5.91 15 1.17 59.09
India 216 1,144 5.30 17 0.80 63.49
Germany 473 4,199 8.88 33 1.00 51.89
Allbioterrorism
papers12,316 96,710 7.85 94 1.01 53.98
These metrics normalizefor field, age, and sizedifferences.
World
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WHO’S COLLABORATINGCoauthored
Papers(1999-2003) Country Country
31 England USA
25 France USA
23 Canada USA
19 Germany USA
13 Russia USA
11 Australia USA
11 Italy USA
10 India USA
9 Israel USA
7 France Italy
7 Japan USA
7 Netherlands USA
6 Australia England
CoauthoredPapers
(2004-2008) Country Country
102 Canada USA
59 England USA
50 Germany USA
32 Australia USA
30 France USA
29 Peoples RChina USA
26 Israel USA
23 France Germany
23 Japan USA
20 England Germany
20 Sweden USA
19 Italy USA
19 Switzerland USA
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HIGH IMPACT INSTITUTIONS
Organization Papers
1 US Army 581
2Ctrs. Disease Control &Prevent 373
3 Harvard University 222
4 Johns Hopkins Univ 179
5 US Navy 155
6 NIAID 125
7 University of Pittsburgh 110
8 Texas A&M Univ 104
9 University Maryland 99
10 University Michigan 99
Most prolificOrganization Cites
1 US Army 9,621
2Ctrs. Disease Control &Prevent 6,912
3 Johns Hopkins University 5,006
4 Harvard University 4,859
5 NIAID 2,692
6 Inst Pasteur 2,404
7 US Navy 2,342
8 Def Sci & Technol Lab 2,190
9 University Michigan 2,027
10 New York City Dept Health 1,826
Most highly cited
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WHICH INSTITUTIONS COLLABORATENumber ofcoauthored
papers (1999-2008)
35 Ctrs Dis Control & Prevent Emory Univ
30 US Army Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci
21 Ctrs Dis Control & Prevent New York City Dept Hlth
20 Battelle Mem Inst US Army
20 Geocenters Inc US Army
20 NCI US Army
20 New Mexico State Univ Univ Calif Riverside
18 Harvard Univ Massachusetts Gen Hosp
17 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci Walter Reed Army Inst Res
16 Ctrs Dis Control & Prevent US Army
939 total citations26.54 avg cites/paper
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WHO ARE THE INFLUENTIAL AUTHORSON THIS TOPIC?
Arthur Friedlander, M.D.
Senior Scientist, United States Army Medical Research Institute forInfectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD
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WHO ARE THE INFLUENTIAL AUTHORSON THIS TOPIC? (CONT.)
Arthur Friedlander, M.D.
Senior Scientist, United States Army Medical Research Institute forInfectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD
http://www.usmedicine.com/article.cfm?articleID=1784&issueID=114
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AM FRIEDLANDER
Productivity # papers 42
Totalinfluence
# citations 2,788
Self-citingpapers
29
H-index 21
Efficiency Avg. citationrate
66.38
Percent ofpapers cited
88.10
Relative Impact/Bench-marking
C-index 2.42
Averagepercentile
14.68
% papers in top10% of their field
57
% papers in top1% of their field
17
Special-ization Disciplinarity index 0.13
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COMPARE RESEARCHERS,INSTITUTIONS, ETC.
TotalPapers
TotalCites
Avg.Citesper
Paper
HInde
x
C Index(Journal
PerformanceRatio)
Avg.Percentil
eFriedlander, AM
US Army, MedicalResearch Institute forInfectious Diseases
42 2,788 66.38 21 2.42 14.68
All US Army(bioterrorism research)
582 9,625 16.54 43 1.34 46.10
Quinn, CPCtrs for Disease Control
32 978 30.56 14 2.12 27.13
All of CDC(bioterrorism research)
373 6,912 18.53 38 1.13 42.18
All bioterrorismpapers
12,316 96,710 7.85 94 1.01 53.98
These metrics normalize forfield, age, and size differences.
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WHICH JOURNALS FOCUS ON THIS TOPIC?
Papers Journal Cites2007 impact
factor
282BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM‐BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE 534 1.88
243 CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS 65 0.38
219 SCIENCE 2,562 26.37
184 STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM 85
180 NATURE 3,385 28.75
179ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICANCHEMICAL SOCIETY 6
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WHICH FUNDING AGENCIES ARE SUPPORTINGRESEARCH ON BIOTERRORISM TOPICS?
Funding bodyNumberof papers(2008)
NIH 57
NIAID 13
US Army 13
US Dept Energy 12
NSF 12
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TODAY WE FOCUSED ON ATOPICAL ANALYSIS• However, these metrics and types of analysis are
often used for performance assessment activities:– Analyze your intramural or extramural research
Which programs are producing world class research?
Which researchers are standing out from the rest?
How does our research compare with our peerinstitutions?
Did our investments in new staff or research facilitiespay off?
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EVALUATE RESEARCH OUTCOMES:TRACK, MEASURE, RANKIntegrate citation metrics into strategic planning andperformance review
Use objective measures of R&D for internal reviews,funding acquisition
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EVALUATE RESEARCH OUTCOMES:TRACK, MEASURE, RANKUse objective measures of R&D for internal reviews,funding acquisition
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EVALUATE RESEARCH OUTCOMES:TRACK, MEASURE, RANKPromote research accomplishments