BIODETERIORATION 7 - Home - Springer978-94-009-1363...Preface Because of the magnificent response to...
Transcript of BIODETERIORATION 7 - Home - Springer978-94-009-1363...Preface Because of the magnificent response to...
Selected papers presented at the Seventh International Biodeterioration Symposium, Cambridge, UK, 6-11 September 1987
Topic Convenors
Biochemical Mechanisms-Dr B.F. Sagar Biocides-Mr E.C. Hill Biofilms-Dr L.H.G. Morton Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals-Dr M. Parker Hydrocarbons-Dr RJ. Watkinson Insects and Rodents-Mr P. Bateman Leather and Textiles-Mr ARM. Barr Marine Structures-Mr D.R Houghton Metals-Mrs C. Gaylarde Museums and Archives-Mr D. Baynes-Cope Paint and Concrete-Mr C. Grant Paper and Packaging-Dr D.M. Holt Physical Methods of Control-Dr H.O.W. Eggins Plastics and Rubber-Dr KJ. Seal Post-Harvest Decay-Dr B. Flannigan Rapid Test Methods and Computers-Mr BJ. McCarthy Solid Waste and Effluents-Dr J. Mills Timber and Cellulosics-Dr RA Eaton
BIODETERIORATION 7
Edited by
D.R. HOUGHTON Southsea, Hampshire, UK
R.N. SMITH Hatfield Polytechnic, Hatfield, UK
and
H.O.W. EGGINS Bioquest Ltd, St Peter's College, Birmingham, UK
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WITH 155 TABLES AND 140 IllUSTRATIONS
@ 1988 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD (except pp. 309-314)
@ 1988 THE MACAULAY LAND USE RESEARCH INSTITUTE-pp 129-134 @ 1988 ANNA L. SNOWDON-pp. 585-602
@ 1988 CROWN COPYRIGHT-pp. 280-285, 466-485, 642-646, 733-738, 755-761, 774-790 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988
British libnry Cataloguing in Publication nata
International Biodeterioration Symposium (7th: 1987: Cambridge, England) Biodeterioration 7 1. Biodeterioration I. Title II. Houghton, D.R. III. Smith, R.N. IV. Eggins, H.O.W. 620.1'122
libnry of Congress Cataloging in Publication nata
International Biodeterioration Symposium (7th: 1987: Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) Biodeterioration 7.
Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Biodegradation-Congresses. I. Houghton, D.R.
II. Smith, R.N. (Robert Neil) III. Eggins, H.O.W. IV. Title QH530.5.157 1987 620.1'1223 88-11281
ISBN-13:978-1-94-010-7107-9 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-1363-9 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9
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Preface
Because of the magnificent response to the call for papers for the 7th International Biodeterioration Symposium held at Cambridge, UK, some difficulties have been experienced in the editing of these proceedings. The numbers of papers submitted exceeded expectation and because of this it has been necessary to accommodate those not actually in the proceedings into the International Biodeterioration journal. A small number of papers were not suitable for publication and were therefore eliminated.
Many authors disregarded the guidelines laid down for the length of submitted papers. However, every attempt has been made to accommodate the maximum number of contributions in the proceedings. The original selection included those which most nearly conformed to the length requirement. Even so this has meant, in many cases, cutting down the text, eliminating tables and/or illustrations and pruning the reference list. When references have been trimmed a note has been included to the effect that an extended list may be obtained from the author/senior author. Where it was not possible to carry out these procedures without seriously altering the text and the import of the paper they have been included amongst those to be published in the journal International Biodeterioration.
The exceptions to the procedures outlined above are the invited review papers which have been presented in full. Happily, the authors have been conscientious in keeping to the guidelines laid down for these contributions.
In the attempt to utilise the maximum available space for the publication of submitted papers instead oflisting convenors before each
v
vi Preface
series of session papers, a list appears at the beginning of this volume. The order of presentation of papers at the Symposium has not been followed and the sessions have been arranged alphabetically.
It is considered that these proceedings reflect the excellent work of the Organising Committee of the Symposium as well as the general high quality of the papers and provides an invaluable volume for those seeking practical guidance as well as those engaged professionally in the field of biodeterioration.
D.R HOUGHTON RN. SMITH
H.O.W. EGGINS
Contents
Preface v
Biocides
Developments in Microbicides for the Protection of Materials I W.PAULUS
Biodeterioration Problems in Formulated Products and Industrial Systems-Evaluation and Control. 20
W.G. GUTHRIE, R ELSMORE & lA. PARR
Biofilms
Biofilm Development and Emulsifier Levels in Metal Working Fluid Systems . 26
E.L. PRINCE & L.H.G. MORTON
The Application of Interference Reflection Microscopy to the Study of Bacterial Adhesion to Solid Surfaces 31
M.FLETCHER
Legionella: a Biofilm Organism in Engineered Water Systems? 36 IS. COLBOURNE & P.l DENNIS
Non-biocidal Anti-fouling Coatings 43 M.E. CALLOW, RA. PITCHERS & R SANTOS
vii
viii Contents
Microfouling Film Composition, Thickness and Surface Roughness on Ship Trial Antifouling Paints .
D.C. WOODS, R.L. FLETCHER & E.B.G. JONES
Biofilms on Meat Processing Surfaces AH.L. CHAMBERLAIN & S. JOHAL
Computers
Biodeterioration: How Can Microcomputers Help? T.N.BRYANT
Computer-assisted Taxonomy of Filamentous Microfungi P.D. BRIDGE
Concrete and Stone
49
57
62
73
Microbial Interactions with Mineral Materials 78 W.E. KRUMBEIN
Control of Microbial Growths on Stone and Concrete 101 B.ARICHARDSON
Metabolic Activities of Bacteria Isolated from Building Stone and their Relationship to Stone Decay . 107
F.J. LEWIS, E. MAy & AF. BRAVERY
Biogenic Sulphuric Acid Attack in Sewage Systems 113 W. SAND & E. BOCK
Screening for Biocides to Inhibit Biogenic Sulphuric Acid Corrosion in Sewage Pipelines 118
T. EMMEL, H. BRILL, W. SAND & E. BOCK
Distribution and Effects of Fungi on and in Sandstones 123 K PETERSEN, 1. KUROCZKIN, AB. STRZELCzyI( & W.E. KRUMBEIN
Effects of Lichens on Mineral Surfaces . . 129 D. JONES, M.J. WILSON & W.J. McHARDY
Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals
Biodeterioration and Disinfectants. . 135 S.F. BLOOMFIELD
Contents ix
Clinical Consequences of Microbial Action on Medicines 146 S.P. DENYER
Incidence of Microbial Contamination in Medicines in Hospitals. . 152
R.M.BAIRD
Drug Interactions with Plastics and their Biological Consequences . 157
M.e. ALLWOOD
The Degradation of Preservatives by Microorganisms 163 W.B.HUGO
Ecology
Studies on the Colonization and Degradation of Human Hair by Streptomyces jradiae 171
T.P. CARTER, D.J. BEST & KJ. SEAL
Microbiology of Automobile Electrocoat Paint Systems. 180 L.A ROSSMOORE, V.F. RIHA & H.W. ROSSMOORE
Incidence of Aspergillus flavus in Rice and Rice Products in Uttar Pradesh, India . 186
S. SRIVASTAVA, M.P. TANDON & S. CHANDRA
Emuents
Effluent Treatment: an Introductory Review 193 AD. WHEATLEY
The Use of Chitin byVibrios in Saline Waters 207 R.K. GUTHRIE & D.Q. CORE
Microbial Degradation of Cyanide Containing Effluent from a Dye Industry . 213
M.S. ANDHALE
Hydrocarbons
Products of Hydrocarbon-Microorganism Interaction . 219 e.RATLEDGE
Microbiology and Distribution of Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Oil Film . 237
G.D. FLOODGATE & M.G. ROUTE
x Contents
The Microbial Activity of Glutaraldehyde in Chain Conveyor Lubricant Formulations . 242
KROSSMOORE
Control of Microbial Contamination of Fuels in Storage 248 lL. SHENNAN
Bacterial Extracellular Polymers: a Major Cause of Spoilage in Middle Distillate Fuels . 256
R.N. SMITH
Application of Formaldehyde-releasing Compound in Oil in Water Emulsions in a Deep Coal Mine 263
BJ. ZYSKA, H.M. WICHARY, Z.T. CIEPLIK & D. KWIATKOWSKA
The Bacterial Metabolism of Monocyc1ic Aromatic Hydrocarbons . 268
D.l HOPPER
Insects, Rodents and Birds
Bird Damage: a Constant Threat in an Ever Changing Scene . 274
CJ.FEARE
Damage Prevention through Improved Detection ofInsect Pests in Stores . 280
D.B. PINNIGER
Review of Rodent and Insect Damage to Stored Products and Non-pesticidal Methods of Control . 286
lA. GIBSON
Marine
The State of the Art in the Protection of Marine Structures from Biodeterioration . 292
G. RELINI
The Minimum Leaching Rate of some Toxins from Antifouling Paints Required to Prevent Settlement of Fouling Organisms . 305
F.H. DE LA COURT
The Effect of Microbial Biofilms on Organotin Release by an Antifouling Paint . 309
lW. MIHM & G.I. LoEB
Contents xi
Mechanisms
Biodegradation of Biomass-Mechanisms . 315 D.E. EVELEIGH
Mechanisms of Bacterial Biodegradation of Alkyl Sulphate and Alkypolyethoxy Sulphate Surfactants 325
G.F. WHITE & NJ. RUSSELL
Cellulase Mechanisms 333 T.M.WOOD
Modes of Microbial Attack on Lignin 347 P.BRODA
Mechanistic Aspects of Polyurethane Biodeterioration 351 D.S. WALES & B.F. SAGAR
Metals
Electrochemical Interpretation of the Role of Microorganisms in Corrosion . 359
H.AVIDELA
The Antimicrobial Effect of Pigments in Corrosion Protective Paints . 372
M. STRANGER-JOHANNESSEN
Involvement of Bacterial Exopolymers in Biodeterioration of Metals . . 378
T.E. FORD, J.S. MAla & R MITCHELL
The Effect of Marine Fouling on Fatigue and Corrosion-Fatigue of Offshore Structures . 385
RG.J. EDYVEAN, C.J. THOMAS & R BROOK
Hydrogen Absorption During the Microbial Corrosion of Steel. . 391
C.HJ. PARKER, 1<.1. SEAL & MJ. ROBINSON
Thermophilic Sulphide Generating Bacteria Causing Corrosion in High Temperature Oilfield Systems . . 398
P.F. SANDERS, M.J. MOSLEY & D.M. HOLT
Methods for Insight into Mechanisms of Microbially Influenced Metal Corrosion . 404
N.1.E. DOWLING, J.GUEZENNEC & D.C. WHITE
xii Contents
Monitoring Sulphate Reduction Activity in the Field Using Radiorespirometry.
S.MAxwELL
Museums
. 411
Actinomycetes and Biodeterioration in the Field of Fine Art . . 418 C. GIACOBINI, M.A DE CICCO, I. nGLIE & G. ACCARDO
The Effect of Microbial Growth on Synthetic Polymers Used on Works of Art 424
O. SALVADORI & M.P. NUGARI
Microbial Deterioration of Historic Glass Plate Negatives 428 B.J. ZYSKA, Z.T. CIEPLIK, AR WOJCIK & R KOZI,oWSKA
Biologically Induced Corrosion of Natural Stones-Strong Contamination of Monuments with Nitrifying Organisms . 436
E. BOCK, W. SAND, M. MEINCKE, B. WOLTERS, B. AHLERS, C. MEYER & F. SAMELUCK
Status Report: Ongoing Studies of the Susceptibility of Stone Consolidants to Microbiologically Induced Deterioration 441
RJ. KOESTLER, E.D. SANTORO, J. DRUZIK, P. PREUSSER, L. KOEPP & M. DERRICK
Comparison of Possible Chemical and Microbial Factors Influencing Paper Decay by Iron-Gall Inks . . 449
K MESSNER, L. ALBERIGHI, G. BANIK, E. SREBOlNIK, W. SOBOTKA & A MAIRINGER
Effect of Cleaning on the Distribution of Microorganisms on Rock Surfaces 455
T. W ARSCHEID, K PETERSEN & W.E. KRUMBEIN
Deterioration of Hair by Airborne Microorganisms: Implications for Museum Biological Collections. 461
C.A HAWKS & W.P. ROWE
Paint
Biodeterioration of Paint-a State-of-the-Art Comment 466 AP.BRAVERY
Fungal Colonization of Organic Coatings in Cotton Mills 486 BJ. ZYSKA, Z.T. CIEPLIK, D. KWIATKOWSKA, H.M. WICHARY & R KOZEOWSKA
Contents xiii
Paper and Packaging
Microbiology of Paper and Board Manufacture . 493 D.M.HoLT
Bioluminescent Assessment of Fungal Growth on Plastic Packaging Materials . 507
P.S. SENIOR & B.I. MCCARTHY
Physical Methods of Control
Physical Conditions and Microbial Growth: Some Implications for Biodeterioration . 511
I.W.HoPTON
Evaluation of Thermal Pasteurization for Control of Metalworking Fluid Biodeterioration 517
H.W. ROSSMOORE, L.A. ROSSMOORE & A.L. KAISER
The Control of Microorganisms Using Ionising Radiation 523 F.1. LEY
Control of Microbial Growth Through the Exclusion of Air 529 G.W.GOVLD
Plastics and Rubbers
Microbial Deterioration of Rubber 535 B.I. ZYSKA
Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Polymers 553 1.A. CAMERON, c.L. BUNCH & S.1. HUANG
Novel Test Methods for the Microbial Deterioration of Polyester Polyurethanes . 562
R.H. BENTHAM, L.H.G. MORTON & N.G. ALLEN
Airborne Fungi in Coal Mines and Their Relation to the Colonization of Certain Materials . . 568
Z.T. CIEPLIK & B.1. ZYSKA
Changes in Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Due to Microbial Degradation 575
D. KWIATKOWSKA & B.1. ZYSKA
The Study of Fungal Contamination in the Field of Electronics 580 M.INOUE
xiv Contents
Post-Ha"est Decay
A Review of the Nature and Causes of Post-harvest Deterioration in Fruits and Vegetables, with Especial Reference to those in International Trade 585
AL.SNOWDON
Stimulation of Aflatoxin Formation in Maize Seeds 603 J.E. SMITH, RG. CUERO & J. LACEY
Involvement of Trichothecenes in the Pathogenicity of Myrothecium roridum 608
G.A BEAN, J. Kun & T.NG
Grain Storage: the Management of Ecological Change 614 J.LACEY
Spices and Mycotoxins-a Review of Biodeterioration and Health Implications. . 634
G.c. LLEWELLYN, Y.L. O'DELL & B. FLANNIGAN
Post-harvest Losses Caused by Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables . 642
M.J. JEGER & RA PLUMBLEY
Rapid Methods
Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology for Biomass Estimation 647
D.Y.C.FuNG
Rapid Methods for Sulphate-reducing Bacteria 657 C. GAYLARDE & P. COOK
Rapid Microbiology: the Use of Luminescence and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) for Enumerating Microbes and Checking Effectiveness of Biocides: Present Status and Future Prospects . 664
P.E. STANLEY
Industrial Application of the Malthus Analyser 669 S.D.ABBISS
Real-time Screening of Microorganisms in Waters and Effluents 673 1. SCHOLEFIELD
Contents xv
Flow Micro-fluorimetry as an Aid to DNA Determinations in the Genus Penicillium 679
P.D.BRIDGE
Textiles
Biodeterioration of Textile Materials and Textile Preservation 683 B.F. SAGAR
Timber
The Importance of Microfungi and Bacteria in the Deterioration of Timber 703
B. O. HENNINGSSON
Immunological Methods for the Detection and Characterisation of Wood Decay Basidiomycetes . 709
J.W. PALFREYMAN, A BRUCE, D. BurrON, H. GLANCY, A VIGROW & B. KING
Recent Trends in Wood Preservation Research 714 J.ABUTCHER
Termite Control: Changing Attitudes and Technologies 721 J.P.LAFAGE
The Wood-Boring Isopod, Sphaeroma: a Threat to Maritime Structures in Warm Waters 727
S.M. CRAGG
In-service Decay of Timber Joinery and its Eradication. 733 J.K CAREY & AF. BRAVERY
Bacterial Attack of Wood Cell Walls 739 T. NILSSON & G. DANIEL
Cellulolytic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in the Teredinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) 743
RD. TuRNER
Soft-rot Decay of Treated Hardwoods 749 M.D.C. HALE & RA EATON
Studies on the Toxicity of Biocides Towards Mould and Sapstain Fungi . 755
G.R WILLIAMS & RA EATON
xvi Contents
Wood Preservative Efficacy Against Dry Wood Insects 762 M.M. SERMENT
Wood Degrading Activity of some Lignicolous Marine Fungi 768 L.L.P. VRIJMOED & 1.1. HODGKISS
Wastes
Landfill Gas-a Global Review . 774 KM. RICHARDS
Methods for Sampling Airborne Micro-organisms at Solid Waste Disposal Sites . 791
B. CROOK, S. HIGGINS & 1. LACEY
The Effect of Incorporation of Refuse Derived Fuel Processing Fines into the Growing Media on Yield and other Physiological Characteristics of Crop Plants . 798
I.e. MATHIESON, R nNKLIN & 1. MILLS
The Efficiency of the Insect Musca domestica L. in Recycling Organic Wastes as a Source of Protein . 805
1. RAMOS-ELORDUY, R.I. VILLEGAS & M.l.M. PINO
Exploitation of Refuse by Anaerobic Microbial Intervention 811 E. SENIOR, I.A. WATSON-CRAIK & G.B. KASALI
Biogas Production from Seaweed Waste Following Alginate Extraction 819
RG.l. EDYVEAN, I.M. STANLEY & S.O. STANLEY
A Review of Aerobic Biodegradation of Solid Wastes 825 A.1. BIDDLESTONE & KR GRAY
Index of Contributors. 841