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Welcome Class

BBA-D/E

Social Institution

 

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Today’s Objectives 

 

To clarify the concept of social institution and to discus

the relevant concepts.

To discus in detail the various social institutions

including there structure functions and importance etc.

 

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Definition of Social Institutions

What is Social Institution? 

.“ Social institution are those ways of inter relationship in societywhich are eternal and acknowledge by the society.” (C.L.Wood) 

.“ Social institution is the name of inter co-ordination of socialrelationships.” ( Young and Mac )

.“ Social institution is an organization of several folkways, moresand norms which undertake different functions for the bettermentof Society.” ( A.W Green )

.“ Social institution represent the social structure and machinery

 

through which human society organizes, directs and executes themultifarious activities, required to satisfy human needs.” ( H.LBarners )

 

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Conclusion

In sociology the study of social institution is veryimportant in society generally social institutions areconsidered more important than individuals. Thesocial institution determine the standard of humancharacter although theoretically social institutionsseem to be simple, but practically they are verycomplicated. The functions of almost all socialinstitutions are more or less universal. e.g. in allsocieties the functions of the family are same such as

 breeding, raring and caring of the children’s  andeducation etc. social institutions strength the humanrelationships.

( Continue

 

……) 

 

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( Continue…) Conclusion

Since these institutions uphold the balance in human

relationships, they don’t  accept any change in their

structure, functions and roles etc easily. In shot, social

institutions are an abstract which have no visible

structure, it can be understood or viewed by

observing the roles and functions of its members

unconsciously. Among important social institutions

there are following institutions: Family, economic,

Religious and Political institutions etc. according to

Giddens the main functions of these institutions is to

 preserve the activities of human beings.

 

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Structure of Social institution 

By structure of social institution it should be noted the

structure is a consist of those ways of acting and techniques

of the persons according to them they undertake their duties

in this way they achieve successfully useful values. The

structure of social institutions is based on following

elements.

1) Individuals-: Different members of society perform

different Economic functions on account on account of

which the society is divided into different strata’s  such as

Teacher, Manager, Engineer, Former etc. e.g. the family is

consist of children’s  and parents similarly religious

institution is consist of followers and clergy.

 

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( Continue ) Structure of Social institution

2) Material Structure-: the 2nd  important element of social

institutions is the material structure where by the member perform

their functions. e.g. in economic institutions we include machines,

forms, and stationery etc. for family we include hose and furniture

etc. for religious institutions the places where the members worship

are included such as Mosque, Temple, Church.

3) System-: system is aggregation of those ways which organizes the

 people and material structure of the particular social institution.

These ways guide the human character under the certain principles.

e.g. in political institutions there are different system such as

democracy, monarchy and socialism etc are adopted. Economic

institutions may adopt capitalism or socialism. In Religious

institutions there are variety of religions available such

 

as Islam,

Christianity, Buddhism etc. in Family there are 2 systems single or

multi marriages systems.

 

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The Difference between Social institutionsand Association/Organization

 

1) Social institutions are eternal where as association are

formed for a temporary and short lived.

2) The membership of the social institutions is necessary

where as the membership of the association is

volunteer.

3) One can not change the membership of social

institutions where as the membership can be changed in

associations.

 

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Functions of Social Institutions

1) Economic institutions-: economic institutions fulfill the

economic needs of the society. These needs are provided

under the system of production, Distribution of Wealth,

Expenditures and Services.

2) Political Functions-: the main function of political

institution is to deep the human character in organize form.

The further objective of this institution is to maintain social

organization. This done through the governments and related

 bodies.

 

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( Continue ) Functions of Social Institutions

3) Familial Functions-: The main responsibility of social institution is

to increase the human race. Similarly the social institutions are

supposed to bring up the new generation this is done through the

family and marriage.

4) Religious Functions-: The principle aim of the religious institution

is to satisfy the religious or spiritual needs of the society. The

religious institutions uphold mutual relationship between human

 being and God. it provide sustain ability and durability to society.

5) Social Control-: The basic objective of the social institutions is to

maintain social control in the society. Social institution provide

formation to its members through exemplary charact

 

ers. Through

this formation it expected from the members that they would be

following these models in their normal routine social life.

 

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( Continue ) Functions of Social Institutions

6) Social Transformation-: The social institutions protect thesocial inheritance by transforming it from one generation toanother. If this transformation is not done then it will bedifficult to sustain the existences of the society. e.g. in ourdaily life we act and behave what ever we are taught duringto process of socialization.

7) Socialization-: social institutions play vital role in thesocialization of the individuals. It is therefore, the membersof each society posses particular characteristics whichseparate them from the other societies. The purposedcharacteristics of social institutions are also necessary forthere own existents. For this purpose the social institutionsdose the socialization of its members.

 

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Important Social Institutions

 

Family  –  according to Samuel the family Is a Latin word. This term

includes parents, children’s  and slaves. It is primitive and ancient

concept.

“ As a more or less durable association of husband and wife with or

without children.” ( Meyer F. Nimkoff )

“ Family is the unit of social organization in which there are almost

two generations counted. This is bond through the blood relations.” 

( Sumner Keller )

“ Family is a social institution which provides foundations of every

society.”  ( Robert E. Riegel )

  In short family is an aggregation of parents children and

relatives in broader context it is basic and necessary social institution

which provides solid foundations to build a structure of a society.

 

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Functions of the Family

 

1) Biological Function-: the most important function of family isincrease of human beings along with bringing up the children.Without this the human generation can not maintain its existence.

2) Love and Affection-: family is the basic source of love andaffection in society. Family gives love and affection to its membersin any case. It also satisfies the sexual needs of a person due to loveand affection among husband, wife, and children the family and thesocial life is strengthened.

3) Educational Function-: family is the first school of the children.The family gives basic formation to the children although theschools are major source of education but first and foremosteducation comes from family. The family focuses on social andreligious education.

 

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( Continue ) Functions of the Family

 

4) Recreational Function-: the family does takecare of recreational needs of its members. It isthe family which teaches a person about thelimits to fulfill the recreational needs.

5) Religious Function-: family is the first sourcewhich gives religious identity to the children.We are not born Muslims or Christian it is thefamily which gives us religious identity. Withthe initiation of the socialization process thereligious formation is also started.

 

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( Continue ) Functions of the Family

 

6) Function of Social Protection-: the family provide

 protection to its members from every kind of social

and natural problems. It gives psychological as well

as social support to the members.

7) Economic Function-: the parents work hard for the

economic empowerment of their children they bring

them up and send them for formal education so that

they ma be able to earn their lively hood. Incase of

unemployment it is the family which takes care of a

 person.

 

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Marriage-: Marriage is a relation between man and women

which is acknowledged by society. The state of being united to a

 person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual

and contractual relationship recognized by law.

Types of Marriage-:

Monogamy: Marriage of one person to anther person.

Polygamy : Marriage of a man to two or more women.

Polyandry : Marriage of a women to two or more men.

Exogamy : In this type one can marry out of caste, class,

group, or even out of religion.

Endogamy : In this type one is bond to marry within the

caste, class, group, or a religion. Its most

 popular and acceptable type.

 

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Political Institution-: Political institution is one of the

important social institution it keeps the society

organized and united through the organ of government.

To understand the political institution one should try to

understand.

What is Government?

Government-: Government is a group or institution of

 people which is responsible for social organization and

administration. It utilizes the force if required to

 perform this duty.

 

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Functions-: Law and order and Administrative Functions-: To maintain

social organization and administration.

Welfare Function-: To provide welfare services to the masseswithout any discrimination of class, color and creed.

Economic Function-: it is the prime responsibility of thegovernment to maintain economic justice. The governmentcontrol over the economic resources and mainly responsible forthere equal distribution.

Mediatory and Judicial Function-: it is also important functionof the government to provide mediatory and judicial services. Thegovernment maintains the balance among all the classes in thestate.

Protection of Resources-: it is the prime function of thegovernment to protect and preserve the natural and humanresources of the country.

 

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Religious Institution

 

“  Religion is an ambition of understanding to un-

understandable and encompassing the unlimited phenomenon

to the Scope of knowledge.” ( A.B Taylor )

Religion is instinctive to man. Man is the only religious being.

As reason distinguishes him from animals, he can similarly be

distinguished through religion. Man is finite  – infinite being.

From the time when he opened his eyes on this planet he has

 been desirous of knowing and being acquainted with the

conscious power latent in nature. As and when he was

compelled to face natural hardship and dangers, storms, floods,

lighting, epidemics, famines, deluge, scarcity, dangerous

animals, etc., Man has looked up to some invisible power for

assistance, motivation, strength and help.

( Continue…..)

 

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( Continue…..) Religious Institution

 

Thus, this religious tendency awoke in man when he was

gripped sometimes by fear and at other times by curiosity.

And, man tried to realize this intangible for reasons such as to

obtain salvation from sorrows and transience, death, birth, and

old age. Similarly man, when he got fade up of the worldly

sensual love, conceived God as the object of love in supreme

aesthetic idealistic form. There is no relation which man did

not attaches to God. people try to attain God in the relation of,

Father, Friend, Husband, Master, Lover, beloved, verily In

every form of relationship. In this way, man, time and age,

attempted to quench his urge in that supreme person, the

search of which is religion.

 

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Functions of the Religion

 

1) Guidance of Human Character: Religion protect the social

values.

2) Answer of Supernatural concepts and powers: the

Religion reduces the Humans curiosity by giving the answer

of supernatural concepts and powers.

3) Satisfaction of Human Desires: the Religion provides

internal satisfaction to human beings it provides them love,

4) Education: the Religion facilitates and guides the human

 beings in their personal and social life.

 

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( Continue ) Functions of the Religion 

5) The maintenance of Social Organization: the religion

maintains the social organization by promoting the teachings of

moral in this way, it promote the value of good and bad for the

necessary social control.

6) Social cohesion: Emile Durkheim suggested that because of its

focus on the sacred, religion creates a sense of common purpose

and unity.

7) Social control: this function of religion was emphasized by Karl

Marx when he said that religion is “the  opium of the people.” 

Religion is a powerful force in encouraging conformity. religious

institutions are often the very last to join reform efforts, such as

the abolition of slavery.

 

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Educational Institutional

Educational institutions are those organized establishments

which mainly provide formal education. It is the education

institution which provide objectivity to a certain society. It is

very much important for individual and social growth and

development. John Dewy in book “Democracy  and

Education”  has described the functions of the educational

institutions comprehensively as follow:

Functions:

1) Development of Individual’s  capacities-: it is the

responsibility of the educational institutions to provide the

students the opportunities and environment where his or her

 personal qualities and capacities may develop.

 

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( Continue ) Educational Institutional

Functions:

2) Awareness of Social and National Objectives: every

society has specific national objectives which are drawn

according to the norms and values of the society. It is the

function of these institutions to infuse these objectives in

the minds of students.

3) Social and Cultural adjustment: it is the main function

of the educational institution to inculcate the students

social and cultural values so that may be able to create

 better adjustment in prevailing social and cultural

environment.

 

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( Continue ) Educational Institutional

Functions:

4) Construction of Human behavior: educational institutionare build to give proper formation to its members it is the

 prime responsibility to reconstruct the character and behavior of the students. The respect for social norms,values and objective is promoted among the studentsthrough educational institutions.

5) Development of Creative abilities: from educationalinstitutions it is expected that they will develop creativesenses of the students. The educational institutions providean environment and opportunities where the students candevelop their artistic qualities more over students areequipped with the skills which enable them to earn theirlively hood.

 

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Economic Institution

Economic institution are those which directly or

indirectly related with economic activity of the country.

These institutions deal in production, distribution of

wealth and services of goods. It includes banks,

factories, agricultural and dairy farm etc.

Functions:

1) Providence of Basic needs: through the economic

institutions we can fulfill our economic basic needs. e.g.

we can get food and cloths for our family by paying the

cost.

 

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( Continue ) Economic Institutional

Functions:

2) Economic Protection: economic institutions work to

 provide to protection to the members of the society. e.g. the

institution of pension social security and insurance agencies

etc. run a related program.

3) Encourage of the abilities of the persons: economic

institutions give reward to those who utilize their abilities

for the benefit of the society or certain organizations. e.g. the

 people are rewarded of promotion and other benefits upon

showing impressing performance. Similarly the economic

institutions give financial intensives and jobs to the sports

 persons and actors etc.

 

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( Continue ) Economic Institutional

Functions:

4) Political Stability: economic institutions also play a vital

role in maintaining political stability in the country. If the

economic institutions deliver accordingly it brings

satisfaction of the masses over the current political

government. If the economic institutions perform properly

they bring about the cause of political stability.

5) Effects on the Foreign Policy: economic institutions also

effects the foreign policy of the country. If the economy of

the country is durable, the country can have sovereign policy

on contrary economically weak states are not free to

formulate their foreign policies.

 

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Thank you and Goodbye,

Till Next Class