Bat Thuc Quy Cu Tung Trang Chu - Quang Minh Dich

8/3/2019 Bat Thuc Quy Cu Tung Trang Chu - Quang Minh Dich

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BT THC QUI C TNG TRANG CHQung Minh Dch

Ngunhttp://www.thuvienhoasen.orgChuyn sang ebook 25-7-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcLI NI UChng 1: NM THC TRCChng 2: THC TH SUChng 3: THC TH BYChng 4: THC TH TMPH LC

SCH THAM KHO

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LI NI U

Bt thc qui c tng Trang ch c cho l ca ngi Huyn Trang hay tca ngi bin tp, l mt trong nhng tc phm thng c xem l phthng nht v Duy thc hc.

Duy thc trong Bt thc qui c tng mang nng tnh cht lun l hc. Ccbi tng c ng nhng nhn thc ca ngi Huyn Trang v Duy thc, mtrong ch trng n hnh thi v i tng ca nhn thc, ngang qua skhi im t phm tr tam tnh, tam lng v tam cnh.

Tc phm chia lm 4 on, mi on ch vn vn 12 cu tng, v nh thton tc phm ch c 48 cu tng. on mt, ni v nm thc trc; onhai, ni v thc, tc thc th su; on ba, ni v thc Mt na, tc thcth by; on bn, ni v thc A li da, tc thc th tm. Mi on u chr v th tnh, hnh tng, hot dng v qu v ca mi thc.

Vn php duy thc, l ni cc php ton l duy thc: mt l, v cc phpkhng c g tht c; hai l, v cc php u lin h n 8 thc; ba l, v chth nhn thc bao gi cng c i tng nhn thc. Thc A li da c gil cn bn y v cc php nhim tnh c bao qut v pht sanh. Thc mtna v thc c gi l nhim tnh y v phn bit y ca cc php nhimtnh, v cc php do v thc m thnh nhim tnh. Nm thc trc ch
http://www.phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Duy%20Thuc%20Tong/Hoc%20Duy%20Thuc/http://www.phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Duy%20Thuc%20Tong/Hoc%20Duy%20Thuc/


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nhn thc 5 cnh m khng c phn bit vng chp. Trong s phn bitvng chp, thc ng vai chnh, 5 thc trc ng vai ph, thc Mt na lo din, thc A li da l nh sn xut. Ct li ca s tu l lm sao chuynha s vng chp phn bit ca thc thnh tr v trn, tc ci tr gic ngthc tng khng tht ca trn cnh. Qu trnh chuyn vng qui chn nyi hi thc m tm s tu lm chnh, cng vi cc tm s bit cnh khcv cc tm s thin ging co mnh lit chng li nhng vng tng in odo phin no cn bn v phin no ty thuc dn dt. thc lun phttrin theo bn nng t ng ca thc Mt na vn c xy dng trn cn bnkin v i. Qua , tu tp l ch ng v ct t s pht sanh lin tc ci thc t ng hay ng chp. Tin c thc A li da l tin vo th tng dng caTm: th ca Tm l nng tnh hun tp cc php tp nhim hay thanh tnh,tng ca Tm l biu hin ca cc tm vng v cc tm s, dng ca Tml nhim c th hy dit, thanh tnh c th thch ng. Ni cch khc, tu tp

l bi trn hip gic, l b nhim m thnh thanh tnh, l chuyn b 8 thcm thnh tu 4 tr, m thut ng Duy thc gi l chuyn thc.

Tc phm ny cn c mt gi tr c th l 51 tm s c nh ngha mtcch r rng v chnh xc. iu ny s gip rt nhiu cho ngi bc uhc Duy thc.

Qui l mt loi thc trn. C l mt loi thc vung. Thc l dng co c, lm ni tc thit lp cc vt dng. Hip c php (bt thc) v d(qui c), nn gi l Bt thc qui c tng.

Va c Qun Th m B Tt19/9/inh Hi (29/10/2007)

Cn btQung Minh

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LI TA

B Bt thc qui c tng ca ngi Huyn Trang i s cha tng thy chno bin chp rng ngi t ch gii li tng .


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Ma h nm inh Mo, ti ni cha Linh n t H Lm. Lc c ngim Huyn[1] ng ch, ngi t Tng, l bc hc rng nghenhiu. Ngi ni vi ti rng, trong i tng kinh hin c bn khc b Btthc qui c tng sao, i nh Minh. Trong b y chp rng, i nh ng,ngi tam tng php s Huyn Trang ch gii li tng. i nh Minh, ngiL Am php s, hiu l Ph Thi, b ch thm. i nh Minh, ngi T Bthin s, hiu l t Qun, gii r li ch. t th gii b tt l ng L

Ng Phng lm li tng sao. Bn ng gii ca ng l T Phan Lm, hiul Hu Th, tham cu v hiu nh thm.

Nhng li ch gii v b ch thm trng lp ln ln, r rng l do ngi inh Minh lm ra. Ch c li ch gii ca ngi Huyn Trang, tc l b Btthc qui c tng Trang ch ny, xt v danh v kim li s tht th cu nghatht l gi dn, quyt chng phi l nhng ngi sau i nh ng c th

g mn c. Tuy chng oan chc l ngi Huyn Trang t ch gii,nhng nhng li ch gii t cng t nhng bc hin ca ngi HuynTrang thut li. c nh th th rt lm ca bu vy.

Trong b Bt thc qui c tng sao, ti thy ni li ch gii ca ngi HuynTrang v ca ngi Ph Thi c s xen tp ln xn, cu v ch cng c ilc sai lm. V vy, ti bn xem xt chnh chn qua mt lt v vng theoli dy ca ngi m Huyn ng ch, gn lc sao chp li, cho ghi vo bHi triu m s 16, trang 8, hng 8 tht chng vy.

Thi H i s[2]

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Chng 1: NM THC TRC

Tnh cnh, hin lng, thng tam tnh

(Nm thc trc ch duyn vi tnh cnh, hin lng, v gm 3 tnh)

Cu ny ni v nm thc trc. Nm thc trc, i vi ba cnh ch duynvi tnh cnh; trong ba lng ch duyn vi hin lng; v i vi ba tnh:thin, c, v k, th gm c.

Ba cnh l tnh cnh, i cht cnh v c nh cnh. Tnh cnh l cnh cth tnh v (tc dng) chn tht, tc l cnh vt c tht cht lm i tng


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cho nm cn, do tm php nng s [3] hp thnh. Ni cch khc, tnh cnhl cnh vt c th tnh v c tht cht, bao gm tng phn (ca thc thtm, ca nm thc trc v ng cu thc), m trong , tnh cnh cchng t sanh khi, c th tnh v tc dng chn tht vi cc php tht cni hin ti, tc l ni n s duyn duy thc[4] .

i vi hai loi bin [5] , nm thc trc ch duyn vi nhn duyn bin,ngha l ch duyn vi cnh t tng ly ngn; cn trong c nh cnh(ca thc th su) th duyn vi phn bit bin.

i vi ba lng, nm thc trc ch tng ng vi hin lng. V tngng vi hin lng nn khi duyn cnh, nm thc trc nhn thc trc tip,sng t cc cnh, do vy m ni nm thc trc ch duyn vi tnh cnh.

Nm thc trc thng c ba tnh: thin, c v v k, bi v tnh cht canm thc th chng phi hng nht. Mun r th xem tip vn sau:

Nhn, nh, thn tam, nh a c

( nh a, tc t s thin ly sanh h lc a thuc Sc gii, ch cn c 3thc l nhn thc, nh thc v thn thc)

Cu ny ni v gii v a ca nm thc. Gii c ba: Dc gii, Sc gii vV sc gii. a c chn: 1. Ng th tp c a (thuc Dc gii); 2. S

thin ly sanh h lc a; 3. Nh thin nh sanh h lc a; 4. Tam thin lyh diu lc a; 5. T thin x nim thanh tnh a (thuc Sc gii); 6.Khng v bin x a; 7. Thc v bin x a; 8. V s hu x a; 9. Phi

phi tng x a (thuc V sc gii).

Dc gii l ci gii c ba vic l n ung, ng ngh v tnh dc. Ng th tpc a l tri, ngi, sc sanh, ng qy v a ngc. S d ni Ng th tpc l v nm loi chng sanh ny chung ln ln nhau trong Dc gii.

Nh a c, l ch S thin ly sanh h lc ca Sc gii. T Nh thin tr ln,

do khng c tm t[6] nn nm thc trc khng khi tc dng. Ni cchkhc, by a sau khng c s nhim ca tm t.

Cu tng trn n lc t thc v thit thc, ch c trong chng sanh Ngth tp c a ca Dc gii, v t ci thin thin (S thin) tr ln khng con thc. on thc (, n bng thc phm,) dng ba trn: hng, v, xclm th. Sc gii khng c on thc nn hai thc ny khng pht sanh.


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V sao khng c on thc? V on thc chnh l iu chn ch cc cithin thin.

Bin hnh, bit cnh, thin thp nht

Trung nh, i bt, tham sn si

(Nhng tm s ca 5 thc trc gm c: 5 tm s Bin hnh, 5 tm s Bitcnh, 11 tm s thin, 2 phin no trung ty, 8 phin no i ty v 3 phinno cn bn)

Hai cu tng trn ni v nhng tm s ca nm thc. Nhng tm s ny,trong ngha tng ng ca Duy thc, hm ba ngha: mt l, lun lunsanh khi theo tm thc; hai l, cng tng quan vi tm thc; ba l, hthuc vo tm thc. Th d nh nhng vt thuc v ta nn gi l ng s.

Nm thc ny i vi su loi tm s ch thiu loi Bt nh.

Tm s bin hnh: C 5 tm s l tc , xc, th, tng v t.

1. Tc (khi nim): c tnh ca tm s ny l nng lc nh thc tm.Hot dng ca n l hng dn tm vo cnh m tm thc duyn theo. Stc c hai cng dng: mt l, khi tm cha sanh khi, th n nh thckhin tm sanh khi; hai l, khi tm sanh khi ri, s tc dn dt tmhng theo cnh.

2. Xc (tip xc): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm (cht xc tc) cho tmvng, tm s tip xc c vi cnh. Hot dng ca xc l lm ch nngta cho cc tm s khc nh th, tng, t v.v ...

3. Th (th dng): c tnh ca tm s ny l cm nhn nhng cnh tngthun (ng a), nghch (ng ght) v khng thun khng nghch (chngng a m cng chng ng ght). Hot dng ca th l khi ln s hammun. Li c ch ni, tm s th lm cho sanh khi nhng trng thi tm lnh vui mng hay lo bun, ri mun tip nhn hay bung b.

4. Tng (phn bit): c tnh ca tm s ny l i vi cnh (sau khi cmth) n nm gi nhng nh tng, tc l kh nng an lp bng t cnh phn( ni tm thc). Hot dng ca tng l t by ra cc th danh ngn.iu ng ch l tm s tng an lp t cnh phn bng cc nh tng risau ty theo nh tng m khi cc th danh ngn.


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5. T(suy ngh): c tnh ca tm s ny l thc y tm (tm vng vtm s khc) to tc (s suy ngh). Hot dng ca t l sai s tm theo chiuhng thin, c hay v k. Ni tm, tm s t c cng nng nm bt cccnh tng t tng qut n chi tit ri sai s t tm khin to tc nhng sngh ngi theo chiu hng thin, c hay v k.

V sao gi l bin hnh? V cc tm s ny i cng khp trong bn lnh vcv c mt trong tt c tm vng (nh l iu kin cn v ) tm vngc th vn hnh (trong vic nhn thc vn php). Bn lnh vc: mt l, ikhp 3 tnh (thin, c v v k); hai l, i khp 8 thc (tm vng); ba l,i khp 9 a (3 ci / tt c khng gian); bn l, i khp tt c thi gian (qukh, hin ti v v lai).

Tm s bit cnh: C 5 tm s l: dc, thng gii, nim, nh v tu.

1. Dc (mong mun): c tnh ca tm s ny l mong mun nhng cnhvui thch. Hot dng ca dc l sing nng theo ui (i tng a thch).

Nhng cnh vui thch c ba loi: mt l, cnh ng a vui (trong hin ti);hai l, cnh mong cu c c (trong tng lai); ba l, cnh mun qun thy(trong khi tu tp ch qun), c bit c s hiu bit chn chnh.

2. Thng gii (hiu r): c tnh ca tm s ny l ghi nhn v gn ginhng cnh quyt nh (trong ba loi cnh vui thch m tm s dc muntheo ui). Hot dng ca thng gii l khng th b dn chuyn (bi ci

khc, sau khi n quyt nh chn la).

3. Nim (ghi nh): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm cho tm thc nh li rrng nhng cnh ( qua) tng hun tp (trong tm thc). Hot dng canim l lm ch nng cho tm s nh.

4. nh (chuyn ch): c tnh ca tm s ny l khin tm chuyn ch,khng cho tm tn lon i vi cnh s qun. Hot dng ca nh l lmch nng cho tr (tm s tu).

5. Tu (sng sut): c tnh ca tm s ny l la chn cnh s qun. Hotdng ca tu l dt nghi ng.

Nm tm s trn, do mi tm s duyn mi cnh ring khc m pht sanh,nn gi l bit cnh.


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Tm s thin: Ni v 11 mn tm s thin, Duy thc tam thp tng c bitng rng:

Thin v: tn, tm, qiV tham ng tam cnCn, an, bt phng dtHnh x cp bt hi

(Tm s thin gm c: tin, h thn, s nhc, khng tham lam, khng gin d,khng si m, sing nng, nh nhng, khng phng dt, bung th v khngtn hi)

Tt c 11 tm s ny u c c tnh hin lnh nn gi l tm s thin.

1. Tn (tin): c tnh ca tm s ny l: vi chn l s tht (tht) th tinsu, vi gi tr o c (c) th a mun, vi nng lc ca s tht v oc (nng) th lm cho tm thanh tnh. Hot dng ca tn l i tr s bttn, v a thch iu thin.

Tn c ba mt: mt l, tin vo chn l: l tin nhn su sc vo s tht(hin tng) v l tht (bn th) ca cc php; hai l, tin vo gi tr oc: l tin a su xa vo tam bo trong ngha Pht th chn tht, php ththanh tnh v tng th cng c; ba l, tin vo nng lc: l tin chu suchc vo thin php th gian c nng lc em n hnh phc th gian v

thin php xut th gian c nng lc t thnh Thnh o xut th gian, mkhi ln mong cu.

Tn i tr c ci tm bt tn (vo tht, c, nng) v em li s a thchthin php th gian v s tu chng thin php xut th gian. Tin su l v ctm s thng gii lm nhn cho tn. a mun l v c tm s dc lm quca tn. Cng nng ca tn l lng trong, c th lm cho tm c thanhtnh, nh thy thanh chu c cng nng thanh lc nc bn.

2. Tm (h thn): c tnh ca tm s ny l nng vo sc mnh ca bn

thn (t) v o l (php), sng knh ngi hin, coi trng iu thin. Hotdng ca tm l i tr tm khng bit h thn v ngn dt lm iu c. Tl t thn, php l gio php. Nu t xt ti l ngi nh vy hay sao? vhiu r o l (lm ngi) l th no?, th th hi c dm lm iu c?

3. Qi (s nhc): c tnh ca tm s ny l nng vo sc mnh ca thgian coi nh ngi d, chng c iu xu (khinh c bo c). Hot dng


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ca qi l i tr tm khng bit s nhc. Sc mnh ca th gian l s chtrch ca ngi i (d lun). Khinh c bo c l coi nh ngi d (bo)nn chng thn cn, chng c iu xu (c) nn chng dm lm.

4. V tham (khng tham lam): c tnh ca tm s ny l i vi s hinhu (hu) qua mi sc thi (ca qu d thc) m khng c ci tm thamm. Hot dng ca v tham l i tr tham m, v a lm vic lnh.

5. V sn (khng gin d): c tnh ca tm s ny l i vi s au khqua mi hnh thc (kh kh, hnh kh, hoi kh )[7] m khng c ci tmon gin. Hot dng ca v sn l i tr sn hn, v a lm vic lnh.

6. V si (khng si m): c tnh ca tm s ny l hiu bit rnh r cc sl (th gian v xut th gian). Hot dng ca v si l i tr ngu si, v a

lm vic lnh.7. Cn (= tinh tn: sing nng): c tnh ca tm s ny l dng mnhtrong vic dt cc vic d, lm cc vic lnh. Hot dng ca cn l i tr

bing nhc, lm trn cc vic lnh.

8. Khinh an (nh nhng n nh): c tnh ca tm s ny l xa la nhngg nng n bc bi, iu ha thnh thi thn tm, tc ni kh nng bungth. Hot dng ca khinh an l i tr hn trm (thn tm nng n), v cqu chuyn y[8] . Xa la nhng g nng n bc bi l khinh (nh nhng).

iu ha thnh thi thn tm l an (n nh). S y ca tm s ny l khnng gnh vc v nhn chu, lm ch da cho thn tm chuyn b nhng gnng n bc bi (tp nhim) c thnh thi n nh (thanh tnh).

9. Bt phng dt (khng phng tng): c tnh ca tm s ny l tinh tn thnh tu ba thin cn l: v tham, v sn v v si, c kh nng ngnnga v ch ng tm trong vic on c tu thin. Hot dng ca bt phngdt l i tr tm phng tng thnh tu trn vn nhng iu thin ca thgian v xut th gian. Ni tm, tm s bt phng dt l tinh tn c c bathin cn, c c cng nng ngn nga v ch ng. La b s tinh tn c

c ba thin cn v cng nng ngn nga, ch ng , th th ca bnphp: tinh tn, khinh an, bt phng dt v hnh x, khng th thnh lp.

10. Hnh x (bung th): Tinh tn c c ba thin cn lm nhn t chotnh cch ca tm s ny, l tm an tr ni bnh ng, chnh trc v vcng dng[9] . Hot dng ca hnh x l tm an tr vng lng v i trtro c (xao ng). Ch x y l x trong hnh un[10] , ch chng phi


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x trong th un, v vy gi l hnh x. Tm an tr ni bnh ng, chnhtrc v v cng dng ngha l khi bung x tm t th xa la trng thi hntrm (nng n) v tro c (xao ng) c c: u tin l tm bnh ng,k n l tm chnh trc[11] v sau cng l tm v cng dng. Mt phphnh x y cng tc l bn php: tinh tn, khinh an, bt phng dt v hnhx. Bi l, kh nng lm cho tm an tr vng lng l bn php[12] v

biu hin cho tm an tr vng lng l tm bnh ng, tm chnh trc, tm vcng dng.

11. Bt hi (khng lm tn hi): c tnh ca tm s ny l khng lm tnhi cc loi hu tnh, v lun c tm s v sn i km. Hot dng ca bthi l lng bi mn, c kh nng i tr tm tn hi.

Cu tng trung nh, i bt, tham sn si l ni v nhim tm s (tm s

nhim ). Nhim tm s gm c 26 loi (trong c 6 loi l phin no cnbn v 20 loi l phin no ty thuc). Nm thc trc ch c 13 loi nhimtm s, gm c: 3 trong 6 cn bn phin no v 10 trong 20 ty phin no.

Ty phin no: gm c 20 loi, phn lm 3 bc l tiu, trung v i.

Tiu ty c 10 loi l: phn, hn, ph, no, tt, xan, cung, sim, hi vkiu.Trung ty c 2 loi l: v tm v v qi.

i ty c 8 loi l: tro c, hn trm, bt tn, gii i, phng dt, tht nim,tn lon v bt chnh tri.

Tiu ty khng tng ng cng nm thc trc, ch c trung ty v i tymi ph thuc nm thc trc. S d gi l ty phin no v 20 loi phinno ny ty thuc vo 6 loi phin no cn bn m sanh khi trong phm vitng ng rng hp khc nhau.

C 3 ngha: mt l, t loi cu khi (mi loi cng khi); hai l, bin nhimnh tnh (khp c hai tnh bt thin); ba l, bin ch nhim tm (khp c cc

tm nhim ). Nu c 3 ngha th gi l i ty, c 1 ngha hay hn thgi l trung ty, khng c 3 ngha th gi l tiu ty.

Hai tnh y l bt thin v hu ph (nhim ). Mi loi tiu ty, do miloi ring bit sanh khi, nn thiu ngha t loi cu khi. Mi loi tiuty ny l bt thin tnh, nn thiu ngha bin nhim nh tnh. thiu tnhhu ph v chng c ngha bin ch nhim tm, nn gi l tiu ty. Mi


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loi tiu ty ny cng thc th su tng ng, v vy khng gii thch phn ny.

Nm thc trc c 10 ty phin no: 2 thuc trung ty v 8 thuc i ty.V tm v v qi l t loi cu khi (v c mt trong khp c cc tm btthin), thuc v trung ty.

1. V tm (khng bit h vi mnh): c tnh ca tm s ny l chng oihoi n bn thn (t) v o l (php), coi thng ngi hin, chng ciu thin. Hot dng ca v tm l lm chng ngi tnh xu h (tm) vsanh ln vic xu c.

2. V qi (khng bit thn vi ngi): c tnh ca tm s ny l chngoi hoi n (d lun) th gian, coi nng ngi d (bo), tha hip iu xu

(c). Hot dng ca v qi l lm chng ngi tnh s nhc (qi) v sanhln vic xu c.

(Tm loi phin no sau y thuc v i ty. Cc tm s ny bin khp cctm s bt thin, phm vi hot ng li rng hn 2 loi trung ty, nn gi li ty)

1. Tro c(xao ng): c tnh ca tm s ny l chng chu yn tnh khitm i vi cnh. Hot dng ca tro c l lm chng ngi hnh x v cntr xa ma tha (tu ch).

2. Hn trm (thn tm nng n): c tnh ca tm s ny l khng thgnh vc c vic g c (v kham nhm) khi tm i vi cnh. Hot dngca hn trm l lm chng ngi khinh an v cn tr t bt x na (tu qun).

3. Bt tn (khng tin): c tnh ca n l vi chn l s tht (tht) thkhng tin nhn; vi gi tr o c (c) th khng a mun; vi nng lcca s tht v o c (nng) th (v khng tin nn) lm cho tm nhim .Hot dng ca bt tn l lm chng ngi vic tnh tm (tu ch qun) v lmch nng cho gii i[13] .

4. Gii i (bing nhc): c tnh ca tm s ny l bing nhc trong vicon cc iu c, tu cc iu thin. Hot dng ca gii i l lm chngngi tinh tn v tng thm tnh nhim .

5. Phng dt (phng tng): c tnh ca tm s ny l bung lung, phngtng, chng th ngn nga tm nhim , chng th ch ng (tm y) cho


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thanh tnh. Hot dng ca phng dt l lm chng ngi bt phng dt vlm nn tng cho vic thm ln iu c, gim bt iu lnh.

6. Tht nim (mt chnh nim): c tnh ca tm s ny l khng th ghinh r rng cnh s duyn. Hot dng ca tht nim l chng ngi chnhnim v lm iu kin cho tn lon sanh khi. Bn cht ca tht nim cngl bn cht ca tm tn lon. Tm s tht nim ny c hai phn: mt l, mt

phn nhip vo tm s nim, nhng l s ghi nh (nim) no tng ng viphin no; hai l, mt phn nhip vo tm s si, nh lun Du Gi ni, thtnim l mt phn ca si m, v si m lm cho tht nim. Ni mt cch khc,tht nim nhip vo hai phn: nim v si (= vng nim).

7. Tn lon (khng tp trung): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm cho tm trini, chy nhy trc cnh s duyn. Hot dng ca tn lon l lm chng

ngi chnh nh v lm ch nng cho c tu[14] , v tn lon lm pht sanhc tu.

8. Bt chnh tri (Bit khng chnh xc): c tnh ca tm s ny l hiu bit sai lm i vi cnh s qun. Hot dng ca bt chnh tri l lmchng ngi s hiu bit chnh xc (chnh tri) v lm iu kin hy phmgii lut (do d to nghip bt thin).

Cn bn phin no: Tham, sn, si l 3 trong 6 cn bn phin no (tham,sn, si, mn, nghi v c kin).

1. Tham (tham m): c tnh ca tm s ny l tham nhim, m trc stn ti[15] trong mi qu bo d thc. Hot dng ca tham l chng ngithin cn v tham v lm sanh khi cc kh lun hi.

2. Sn (nng gin): c tnh ca tm s ny l ni gin, ght b i vicnh kh trong mi hnh thi kh au (kh kh, hnh kh, hoi kh). Hotdng ca sn l chng ngi thin cn v sn, lm cho thn tm khng ynn (v khng a thch nghch cnh) v lm ch nng cho c hnh.

3. Si (ngu si): c tnh ca tm s ny l m mui, khng nhn nh r ccs l (th gian v xut th gian). Hot dng ca si l lm chng ngi thincn v si v lm im ta cho mi th tp nhim (lun thch ng vi phinno v ty phin no )[16].

Ba mn phin no cn li (mn, nghi v c kin) xin xem phn ch gii vthc th su. S d gi cc tm s ny l phin no cn bn l v n (lm ci


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gc) sanh ra cc chng t ty min. Ty min khc vi phin no, v tymin l tp kh (chng t) ca phin no v v tng trng c hai th tringc nhau: phin no th l r d thy, ty min th nh nhim kh bit.Ty min v phin no nh hng ln nhau m lm c hai thm ln mnh.

Ng thc ng y tnh sc cn

(Nm thc u nng ni tnh sc cn c tc dng nhn bit)

Cu tng ny ni, nm thc ly nm cn lm ch s y. Tnh sc cn cn gil thng ngha cn[17] . S d gi nh vy l v th ca n chng phi lnhim php v tnh ca n l v ph, v k. Nm thc ty theo cn m lpdanh, gm 5 ngha: y, pht, thuc, tr v nh (nng ta, pht sanh, phthuc, tr gip v ging nh). Ch y trong cu tng l 1 trong 5 ngha trn.

Nu gii rng ra th gi l thc ca y cn (thc nng vo cn hiu bit),thc ca thuc cn (thc ph thuc vo cn m thit lp danh xng), thcca tr cn (thc tr gip cho cn hot ng), thc ca nh cn (thc gingnh cn tip nhn hnh nh), tt c u l y ch thch[18] . Thc ca phtcn: cn l ni thc pht sanh tc dng, l y s thch.

Cu duyn, tht, bt ho tng ln

(Nhn thc cn 9 duyn sanh khi, ba thc: t, thit v thn ch cn 7duyn, nh thc ch cn 8 duyn, tt c c quan h qua li rt tt)

y l ni 9 duyn nm thc c th pht khi phn bit. Chn duyn l:khng, minh, cn, cnh, tc , phn bit y, nhim tnh y, cn bn y v chngt.

1. Khng: l khong khng gian cch nhau gia cn v cnh.2. Minh: l nh sng ca mt tri, mt trng, nh sng ca n.3. Cn: l 5 cn lm ch ta cho 5 thc (pht sanh tc dng).4. Cnh: l 5 trn cnh lm i tng cho 5 thc duyn theo.5. Tc : ng ngha vi tm s tc trong 5 mn bin hnh.

6. Phn bit y: l thc th su.7. Nhim tnh y: l thc th by.8. Cn bn y: l thc th tm.9. Chng t duyn: l chng t ca 8 thc, mi mi u nng chng t

pht sanh.


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Xt 9 duyn trn i chiu vi t duyn th chng t duyn l nhn duyn[19] , cnh l s duyn duyn[20] , 7 duyn cn li l tng thngduyn[21] . Cn ng v gin duyn [22] l ni tm thc tm vng, miloi sanh dit trc sau, khng gin on, c lc dng nng dn v s dn (=duy tr hin hnh v duy tr chng t) bng nhau.

Cu tng trn tuy n lc, nhng gm trong . Cho nn c bi tngrng:

Nhn thc cu duyn sanhNh thc duy tng btT, thit, thn tam: thtHu tam: ng, tam, t.

(Nhn thc cn 9 duyn sanh khi, nh thc ch cn 8 duyn, ba thc: t,thit v thn ch cn 7 duyn, thc th 6, 7 v 8 tng ng cn 5, 3 v 4duyn)

Nu thm ng v gin duyn th mi thc tng thm 1 duyn.

Thc th 6 c 5 duyn:1. Cn duyn: l cn (mt na).2. Cnh duyn: l 18 gii.3. Tc duyn: l tc trong 5 mn bin hnh.

4. Cn bn duyn: l thc A li da.5. Chng t duyn: l thc th 6 t thn sanh chng t.

Thc th 7 c 3 duyn:

1. Chng t duyn: l thc th 7 t thn sanh chng t.2. Tc duyn: l tm s tc trong 5 mn bin hnh.3. Cn cnh duyn: cn v cnh u l thc th 8. Cho nn Duy thc tamthp tng vit: y b chuyn, duyn b (thc mt na do thc A li da sanh ra,ri tr li duyn thc A li da chp lm t ng).

Thc th 8 c 4 duyn:

1. Cn duyn: l thc mt na.2. Cnh duyn: l chng t, cn thn v kh th gii.3. Tc duyn: l tc trong 5 mn bin hnh.4. Chng t duyn: l thc th 8 t thn sanh chng t.


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ng v gin duyn ngha l mi thc sau khi dit, lin m hay ng cnhgii ca mi thc, dn dt nim sau sanh khi, khong gia (2 nim) khngc gin on. Nu thm ng v gin duyn th nhn thc c 10 duyn; nhthc c 9 duyn; t, thit, thn thc c 8 duyn; thc c 6 duyn; mt nathc c 4 duyn; A li da thc c 5 duyn.

V sao cc thc phi mn duyn mi pht sanh c? V cc thc l huvi php nn phi mn nhn g duyn, thiu duyn th khng pht sanhc. Thc no nhiu duyn th (hot ng) ngn ngi, t duyn th (hotng) di lu. Cu tng trn n lc 3 thc sau, v khng ni cc duyn.

Hp tam, ly nh, qun trn th

(Trong vic qun st trn th, t thc, thit thc v thn thc phi tip xc

vi trn cnh, cn nhn thc v nh thc th cn c khng gian chia cchgia cn v cnh)

Cu tng ny ni nhn thc v nh thc phi cch h (ly) trn cnh mi tipnhn c cnh; cn t thc, thit thc v thn thc phi chung ng (hp)trn cnh mi tip nhn c cnh. Qun, l qun st, l kin phn nngduyn[23] , l 5 thc trc v cc tm s. Trn th, l tng phn sduyn [24] , l 5 trn: sc, thanh, hng, v, xc.

Ngu gi nan phn thc d cn

(Hng tiu tha v ngi thng kh m c s hiu bit chn xc v thc vcn)

Cu tng ny ni hng tiu tha thanh vn v ngi thng chp php nnchng bit rng cn v thc, mi ci c chng t v hin hnh, rng cn vthc c s h tng sanh khi. Chng t v hin hnh ca cn ch c thhng dn chng t v hin hnh ca thc, cho nn ni cn l duyn t sanhra thc. Cn khng th l nhn t sanh ra thc c, v thc t n c chngt nng sanh (sanh ra hin hnh). Hng tiu tha tr thin tm th, cha dt

tr s tri chng[25] , i vi cc php cha hiu r tng tn cho nncha tin c gio l Duy thc ca i tha.

Bin tng qun khng duy hu c

(Ch c hu c tr mi chuyn i tng phn s duyn thnh kin phnnng duyn tip cn vi chn nh)


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Nm thc ny ( giai on phm phu) bit r th tc (thy c) v thykhng[26] Bin, l chuyn i. Tng, l tng phn. Qun, l kin phnnng duyn. Khng, l chn nh s duyn. Duy hu c (ch c tr hu c)[27], l chng phi tr cn bn [28] , v 5 thc ny da vo sc cn (5 nm)m sanh khi. Tr hu c (ca 5 thc ny) khng th trc tip duyn chnnh [29] . Tr hu c l tr cn c phn bit, so lng, tnh ton nn khngth trc tip duyn vi l v phn bit. Khng, l tht tnh Duy thc [30] .

Qu trung du t bt thuyn chn

( ngay ni qu Thnh cng khng th ni l nm thc trc trc tipduyn c chn nh)

L ni v 5 thc tr thnh v lu (v lu ng thc). Khng phi trong lc tu

nhn chng th ni chn, m ngay ni qu v (v lu) cng khng th trctip duyn c chn nh. Nm thc ny da vo sc cn, c s phn bit,cho nn khng th trc tip duyn c chn nh. S d gi l tr hu c,v n sanh sau tr cn bn. Ngoi o chp rng, 5 thc trc khng c trcn bn th lm sao c tr hu c c. Cu tr li l, tr cn bn v tr huc u l tr (v phn bit [31] ) c v cng thng t s (l).

Theo ngi An Hu[32] , 5 thc ny sau khi tu nhn ri tr thnh (5 thc) vlu, th bn thn 5 thc ny s t chuyn i tng phn ca chng duynvi chn nh. Kin phn v tng phn (ca tm thc) thuc bin k chp

tnh [33] . T chng phn [34] thuc y tha khi tnh [35] . n qu vPht tc l t n t chng phn, th 5 thc trc trc tip duyn c chnnh, do khng cn kin phn v tng phn thuc bin k chp tnh na.Cho nn ngi H Php lun s [36] dng cu ny ph chp ca cc luns khc.

Vin minh s pht thnh v luTam loi phn thn tc kh lun

(Thc thc tm va chuyn thnh i vin cnh tr th nm thc trc cng

thnh v lu, ngha l thnh tu Thnh s tc tr. By gi, nm thc ny ccng dng ha hin 3 loi thn ha v dt tr ci kh lun hi chochng sanh)

Khi nhn tu trn vn, thnh tu qu v Pht, th 5 thc trc tng ng vi(c tnh ca mt trong t tr) tm phm, tc thnh tu Thnh s tc tr.By gi 5 thc ny c cng dng ha hin ra 3 loi thn ha v dt tr


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cc kh sanh t lun hi cho chng sanh. Ni cch khc, ni qu v Pht,thc th tm, vn tng ng vi cc tm s, chuyn t V lu bch tnhthc thnh i vin cnh tr. S pht, l bng chc hin tin. Thnh v lu,ngha l khi thc th tm (vin minh) va chuyn (s pht) thnh i vincnh tr, th 5 thc trc cng thnh v lu. Tam loi phn thn, ngha l khitm s ca 5 thc chuyn thnh Thnh s tc tr, th tr c cng nng hahin 3 loi ha thn. Ba loi ha thn ny thuc ha thn, 1 trong 3 thn:

php thn, bo thn v ha thn. Cc ha thn ny bao trm cc cn c, ulit chng ng.

Ba loi ha thn l:

1. i ha thn: cng gi l Thng ng thn. Thn ny cao 1 ngn trng, gio ha hng b tt i tha gia hnh v [37] .

2. Tiu ha thn: tc l Lit ng thn [38] . Thn ny cao 1 trng 6, gio ha hng b tt i tha 3 t lng v [39] .3. Ty loi ha thn: Thn ny biu hin theo thn ca 6 loi chng sanh,

bao gm tam tha v lc th.

i vin cnh tr, Diu qun st tr, Bnh ng tnh tr v Thnh s tc tr lt tr tm phm m tng nhip ht tt c cng c hu vi vo Pht a. yl mt s chuyn ha cc thc hu lu l thc th 8, thc th 7, thc th 6v 5 thc trc, tng ng c tnh ca mi thc, theo th t m c 4 tr.Tr tuy chng phi thc, nhng y thc chuyn (b 2 trng chng l phin

no chng v s tri chng) m c. Thc lm ch, cho nn ni do thcchuyn m c 4 tr. a v hu lu th tr yu, thc mnh. Trong a vv lu th tr mnh, thc yu. V khuyn hu tnh nng ni tr m bung

b thc, nn ni chuyn 8 thc c 4 tr, m thut ng thng gi lchuyn thc.

---o0o---

Chng 2: THC TH SU

Tam tnh, tam lng, thng tam cnh

(Thc th su c 3 tnh, 3 lng v 3 cnh)

Cu tng ny ni v thc th su. Thc th su c 3 tnh, 3 lng v 3cnh. Ba tnh l: thin, bt thin v v k. Thin mang ngha thun ch:


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thun theo l l chn chnh v li ch cho mnh ngi. Bt thin mang ngha nghch tn: nghch vi l l chn chnh v tn hi cho mnh ngi.V k l i vi iu thin v iu c khng th ghi nh, phn bit (l thinhay c).

Sau y ly ngha thun nghch v tn ch gii thch 3 tnh. Thun ch 2i gi l thin tnh. Nghch tn 2 i gi l bt thin tnh. i vi qu(d thc) c i dc [40] v khng c i dc m chng th ghi nhn v phn

bit, gi l v k tnh. Ni cch khc, t th (= sinh th) v qu (= d thcca sinh th ), c hai u c s lu luyn (i) v tha thch (lc), gi lthin tnh. Ngc vi thin tnh l bt thin tnh (= phi i lc). Khng ci lc (khng c a thch) v khng c phi i lc (khng c ght b), chngth ghi nhn v phn bit, gi l v k.

Ngoi ra, c th ly 3 i hu lu v v lu gii thch 3 tnh. Ba lngl hin lng, t lng v phi lng. Hin lng gii, xin xem chngtrc. y ch gii t lng v phi lng. T lng l hnh thi nhn thcc tnh so snh, suy on mt cch chnh xc v cnh (, do thc y c vocnh bit). Phi lng l hnh thi nhn thc m v tnh cm th c, v ltr th khng, do khi so snh, suy on v cnh c s sai lm.

thc c nhn din di 5 hnh thi:

1. nh trung c u thc (nh trung thc): l thc duyn vi cnh

trong nh. Cnh trong nh c l (= nh t ti s sanh sc) v s. S lic cc lc sc [41] v cc hunh sc [42] . Tm li, trong thin nh, thc t ti sanh ra cc sc php thuc php x [43] (= php x s nhipsc).

2. Tn v c u thc [44] (c tn thc): l thc duyn vi th sdn sc [45] (v bin k s sc [46] ), ngha l thc trong s biu hin

bin k khi ra cc sc php thuc php x. Nh hoa m gia h khng,hnh nh trong gng, mu sc phc ha u xp vo loi sc php ny, tc

php x s nhip sc.

3. Mng trung c u thc (mng trung thc): l thc duyn vicnh trong mng.

4. Minh liu thc (ng cu thc): l thc khi ln mt lt vi 5 thctrc cng duyn vi 5 trn.


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5. Lon trung thc: l thc tn lon ri khi ra s cung lon biu hinqua 5 cn. Nh ngi mc bnh hon nhit thy mu xanh ra mu vng,chng phi do nhn thc lon m l thc cung lon.

nh trung thc thuc hin lng. c tn thc i vi t lng v philng. Mng trung thc v lon trung thc u l phi lng. Minh liu thc gm c 3 lng, nhng phn nhiu l hin lng, phn t l t lngv phi lng.

Ba cnh l tnh cnh, i cht cnh v c nh cnh. Tnh cnh gii chng trc, nay gii thch thm cng vi i cht cnh v c nh cnh.

1. Tnh cnh: l cn v trn tht s do 8 php nng s to thnh, (c khi) lnh qu sc [47] tht s, u do chng t tht s sanh khi. Tnh cnh ch

c hin lng: tng phn ca 5 thc trc v tng phn ca thc th 8.Tnh cnh l cc cnh tht sc lm i tng s duyn ca ng cu thc[48] .Tnh cnh l t thn ca tht ti khng mang danh ngn (khi nim),khng b bin hnh v tc dng phn bit t gio ca nhn thc. Tr cn bnkhi duyn chn nh cng l tnh cnh, do ci dng ca tr v phn bit,nhm vn th hi (chn nh).

Tnh cnh chia thnh 2 loi:

a. V cht tnh cnh: ni trn.

b. Hu cht tnh cnh: hon ton khng c ngha ca v cht tnh cnh,ch l phn huyn tng (khng c ngha tht ti), ng trn phng din ngha ca sc cht m tm ni l tnh cnh. Do c tnh gi thuyt nn gi lhu cht tnh cnh.

2. i cht cnh: c 2 loi:

a. Chn i cht cnh: ly tm duyn tm (nh thc th 7 duyn vi tngkin phn ca thc th 8), gia hai tm, tng phn ca tm nng duyn

v tng phn ca tm s duyn cng lin i sanh khi, gi l chn icht.

b. T i cht cnh: ly tm duyn sc (nh thc nh li cc cnh qua, v cnh y ch l nhng bng dng ca trn cnh [php trn], khng

phi t tng ca cnh), gia tm v sc, tng phn (ca cnh s duyn)ch t kin phn (ca tm nng duyn) sanh khi. Tnh cht va lin i,va chuyn bin (bin i) nn gi l t i cht cnh.


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3. c nh cnh: c 2 loi:

a. V cht c nh cnh: thc to dng th gii nh tng (tng phn)khng tht nh hoa m gia h khng, sng th, cc nh tng d vng,tng lai Cc nh tng v thc sanh ra t cng mt chng t. Nitm, cc nh tng hoa m gia h khng v.v u khng phi tht cht,ch l sn phm tng tng ca thc.

b. Hu cht c nh cnh: thc ti to nhng nh tng khi duyn cnhqua 5 cn, bng chng t v hin hnh (ca A li da lin tc p i: nnghun v s hun), v vy nhng nh tng sanh khi c bn cht vaymn. Cc nh tng (tng phn) v thc (kin phn) sanh ra t cngmt chng t, nn gi l c nh.

Cnh l s duyn. Thc l nng duyn. Cnh v thc u c th tnhring. Th ca Tnh cnh, xem gii thch trn. Thc nng duyn: trthc Mt na, 7 thc cn li u s dng bn thn tm thc v nhng tm s

ph thuc lm th tnh. Th ca c nh cnh l ly kin phn ca thc tbin hin gi lp lm tng phn; (r rng) th ca thc nng duyn chnh lt thn thc v nhng tm s ph thuc. Th ca i cht cnh l (thcnng duyn) t bin khi, khong gia (thc v cnh) gi lp ra tng

phn (c bn cht s y ch khng c t tng ca cnh); ( y) th cathc nng duyn l thc, thc Mt na v nhng tm s ph thuc. V vy,cu tng trn ni thc th su c i tng nhn thc gm c 3 cnh.

Ng cu thc khi trong trng hp tri gic thun ty [49], th t ticnh t tng, chnh l Tnh cnh. thc duyn tm v tm s l i chtcnh. thc duyn cc php khng c tht th [50] l c nh cnh. Batrng hp trn y l ng v lnh vc phm phu hu lu m ni. ng vlnh vc Thnh gi v lu th 8 thc u duyn 3 cnh.

Ni v 3 cnh, ngi Huyn Trang, da theo thuyt ca ngi H Php, cson ra bi tng rng:

Tnh cnh bt ty tmc nh duy tng kini cht thng tnh bnTnh chng ng ty ng.

(Tnh cnh l lnh vc t thn ca thc ti khng chu tc dng ca tmphn bit [bt ty tm]. c nh cnh l th gii nh tng do thc to


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dng khi n hot ng c lp, v vy c nh cnh ly kin phn ca thc t bin lm th [duy tng kin]. i cht cnh lin h [lin i] vitnh thc [ thc] v cn bn thc [A li da thc], l lnh vc ca tng[i tng ca thc] m trong tng phn s duyn c cu to trnnn tng kin phn ca tnh thc hay cn bn thc [thng tnh bn]. Tnhchng l A li da thc v cc thc khc, ty theo hot dng ca mi thc mtng ng vi Tnh cnh, c nh cnh hay i cht cnh [ng ty ng]).

Tam gii lun thi d kh tri

(D bit c hnh tng ca thc th su khi n lun chuyn trong 3 ci)

Tam gii, gii thch chng trc. Lun, l lun chuyn. Cu tngmun ni, thc th su qua li ba ci rt d bit, do hnh tng ca n hin

by mt cch r rng v hn hn cc thc khc. thc (a con ngi ncc no ng sanh t hay gii thot, bi l n) l ng lc ln nht v chyu lm pht sanh hnh ng ca thn th v ngn ng: ng thn phtng c vi ti.

Tng ng tm s ng thp nht

(Thc th su thch ng vi 51 loi tm s)

Trong 8 thc tm vng ch c thc th su l tng ng c 51 mn tm s,

cng h tng nhau, khng chng tri nhau. Nm tm s bin hnh, 5 tms bit cnh, 11 tm s thin, 3 phin no cn bn (tham, sn, si), 2 phinno trung ty, 8 phin no i ty, tt c gii chng trc. Chngny ch gii 3 phin no cn bn cn li (mn, nghi, c kin), 10 phin notiu ty v 4 tm s bt nh.

Ba cn bn phin no l: mn, nghi v c kin.

1. Mn (kiu ngo): c tnh ca tm s ny l cy (ti nng hay th lc)mnh m t thi cao ngo, khinh khi. Hot dng ca mn l lm nhn

sanh ra cc ti kh v lm chng ngi tm khng kiu ngo. Ngi c tmkiu ngo th tm l ct cao, khng c s khim tn i vi tnh c (v luca bn tm) v ngi c o c; do y, dng sanh t lun chuyn khngcng, chu cc kh no.

2. Nghi (hoi nghi): c tnh ca tm s ny l do d (hoi nghi, hoangmang) i vi cc chn l chc tht (t ). Hot dng ca nghi l lm


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chng ngi thin php v tr ngi tm khng hoi nghi. Chnh tm l dod (hoi nghi) m iu lnh chng th pht sanh.

3. c kin (thy bit sai lm): c tnh ca tm s ny l hiu bit, suylun in o v cc chn l chc tht (t ). Hot dng ca c kin l lmchng ngi s thy bit thin php (chn chnh) v gy to ti kh. Chnhs thy bit in o (thc lon) m kh au (phi chu) cng thm nhiu.c kin c 5 loi: mt l, thn kin (chp c s tn ti ca ng); hai l, binkin (chp mt bn: thng kin, cht ri vn thng cn, [hay] on kin,cht ri th mt hn); ba l, t kin (ph nh l nhn qu); bn l, kin th(chp kin gii sai lm cho l chn l); nm l, gii cm th (chp ginhng tc l c h, gii lut sai lm).

Mi phin no tiu ty: (do mi loi t lc sanh khi, phm vi tng ng

nh hp, nn gi l tiu)1. Phn (gin di): c tnh ca tm s ny l ni gin vi cnh tri nghchtrc mt. Hot dng ca phn l mun chng tr v chng ngi tmkhng ni gin. Ngi ni gin th phn nhiu biu l qua c ch v nt mthung d.

2. Hn (on hn): c tnh ca tm s ny l kt on, do trc ni gin,sau m lng on ght khng tha. Hot dng ca hn l nng ny v chngngi tm khng on hn. Ngi on hn th khng th nut hn, chp nhn,

thng th hay nng ny. Phn v hn thuc v tm sn.

3. Ph (che giu): c tnh ca tm s ny l che giu ti li ca mnh lmv s mt ting tm v li lc. Hot dng ca ph l n nn, bun phin vchng ngi tm khng che giu. Ngi che giu ti li th sau thnghi hn, phin mun, tm khng an n. Ph thuc v tm tham v si.

4. No (bc tc): c tnh ca tm s ny l bc tc, do trc phn hn(gin hn), chm nc thnh hung d. Hot dng ca no l chm chch i

phng (qua c ch v li ni) v chng ngi tm khng bc tc. No

thuc v tm sn.

5. Tt (ganh ght): c tnh ca tm s ny l ganh ght, th mnh b mngchy theo danh li ch chng chu ngi khc c thng tin. Hot dngca tt l lo ru v chng ngi tm khng ganh ght. Ngi c lng kth khi thy, nghe ngi khc c vinh hoa lin m lng su kh, lo bun,tm khng an n. Tt thuc v tm sn.


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6. Xan (keo bn): c tnh ca tm s ny l bn xn, khng chu x btin ti hay chia s gio php cho ngi. Hot dng ca xan l keo kit, tchcha v chng ngi tm khng bn xn. Ngi bn xn thng c tm lhp hi, keo rt, a tch cha ti vt m khng mun cho ngi. Xan thucv tm tham.

7. Cung (di tr): c tnh ca tm s ny l gi di, qi quyt bng cchgi b biu hin l ngi c c c li dng v ting khen. Hotdng ca cung l mu sanh bt chnh (= t mng: cch sng khng trongsch) v chng ngi tm khng di tr. Ngi di tr th lng m p toantnh, thng biu l nhiu vic khng tht v cch sng khng trong sch.Cung thuc v tm tham v si.

8. Sim (dua nnh): c tnh ca tm s ny l dua nnh quanh co ch

la di ngi bng ci v b ngoi khc vi ni tm (= l ming v t muthun nhau, v mu thun vi o php). Hot dng ca sim khc l ninng b , nnh ht v chng ngi tm khng dua nnh (= tm cht trc).Dua nnh quanh co ch di tr ngi bng cch di lp nhng phngcch lm sao ly lng ngi khc, bit khi no th a dua, khi no th quanhco. Sim khc cn c ngha l kho (quanh co) che giu lm li ca mnh,

bt chp li khuyn rn chn thnh ca thy bn. Sim thuc v tm thamv si.

9. Hi (tn hi): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm thng tn v ri lon v

mt tm l ca ngi khc, do thiu lng bi mn. Hot dng ca hi l lnhip khin cho ngi sanh bc tc, v chng ngi tm khng tn hi.

Ngi c tm tn hi th a thch thy ngi khc su kh. Hi thuc vtm sn.

10. Kiu (kiu ngo): c tnh ca tm s ny l kiu hnh v cao ngo, vt nhn l thnh cng trong s nghip (nh c giu sang, quyn th, c tinng), ri t mnh m su, m say vo s tn thng y. Hot dng ca kiul ch da cho php tp nhim (= phin no v ty phin no), v chngngi tm khng kiu ngo. Ngi c tm kiu ngo th ln ln sanh trngtt c (phin no v nghip) tp nhim. Kiu thuc v tm tham.

Trong 20 mn ty phin no, th 10 mn tiu ty ( trn) v 3 tm s: phngdt, tht nim, bt chnh tri (ca i ty) thuc v phn sai bit ca phinno cn bn (, do khng c bit th nn c mt phn c tnh ca phin nocn bn). By tm s cn li (v tm, v qi thuc trung ty, v bt tn, gii


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i, hn trm, tro c, tn lon ca i ty) thuc v tnh ng lu (, do cbit th nhng c cng c tnh vi phin no cn bn).

Bn tm s bt nh:

Ni v 4 mn tm s bt nh, Duy thc tam thp tng c ghi:

Bt nh v hi, min

Tm, t, nh cc nh.

(Tm s bt nh l: hi, min, tm v t; mi mn u 2 tnh thin v c(tnh v nhim)).

Bn mn tm s bt nh ny khng ging vi 5 loi tm s trc (bin

hnh, bit cnh, thin, phin no v ty phin no). Ch nh (nht nh), cngha l bin khp 8 thc, 3 tnh, tt c thi v 9 a. Bn tm s ny mangngha bt nh. (ngha l khng nht nh l thin hay c). Lun Du gidng 4 nht thit (: thc, tnh, a v thi) gii thch 5 loi tm s khcnhau: 1. tm s bin hnh c 4 nht thit; 2. tm s bit cnh c nhtthit thc (8 thc tm vng) v nht thit tnh (thin, c v v k); 3. tms thin c nht thit a (3 ci, 9 a); 4. cn bn v ty phin no khngc 4 nht thit; 5. tm s bt nh ch c nht thit tnh.

1. Hi (n nn): Hi c ngha l tc [51] (ght vic lm). tc lnhn, hi l th ca tc. V th tc l nhn, nn lun ni rng, hi c nghal tc, chnh l da vo ngha nhn qu. c tnh ca tm s ny l hihn nghip c lm. Hot dng ca hi l chng ngi s tu ch. Ch, xama tha, l ngng li mi ngh tng v ng yn ni chnh nim.

2. Min (thy min): c tnh ca tm s ny l l ng, m ng, lm chothn khng t ti, tm rt m mui. Hot dng ca min l chng ngi tuqun. Qun, t bt x na, l nhip cnh theo tm, ly qun tr (do vn, t, tu)lm th. Vn t ra l, nu khi m ng l khng c tm thc th lm sao

c tc dng lm cho thn khng t ti, tm rt m mui ? c tc dngth phi c tm thc, v tm s thy min l mt tht th c tc dng ca n.

3. Tm (tm cu): c tnh ca tm s ny l chuyn ng vng v (thchuyn), lm cho tm thc ( thc) chuyn i vi vng trong ngn cnh.


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4. T (qun st): c tnh ca tm s ny l chuyn ng iu luyn (tchuyn), lm cho tm thc ( thc) chuyn i chm ri trong ngn cnh.

Hot dng ca 2 tm s ny c cn c v phn nh trn tc dng lm chothn tm an hay thn tm bt an. Th no l ngn cnh? Cnh l itng ca thc, v thc nm gi i tng phn nhiu bng danh ngn(= khi nim), cho nn gi l ngn cnh (cnh danh ngn ca thc).Tm v t u s dng mt phn ca tm s t v tm s tu lm thtnh. Nu khin tm an l do thc nhn thc cnh qua mt phn ca tms t. Nu khin tm bt an l do thc nhn thc cnh qua mt phn catm s tu. Tm s t mang tnh chm ri (trong vic lo ngh, to tc) nnc s tinh t. Tm s tu mang tnh mau l (trong vic sng sut la chn)nn c s th ng. Nh vy, tm an th c ci dng ca tm s t, khngc tm s tu; cn tm bt an th c ci dng ca tm s tu, khng c tm

s t. trn ni, tm v t u s dng mt phn ca tm s t v tm stu lm th tnh, l th no? Ngi H Php gii thch rng, c s h tngtrong tnh cch phi hp gia phn ph vi phn chnh. Nu dng tm st lm chnh, th tm s tu ty theo tm s t m c tc dng khin tman. Nu dng tm s tu lm chnh, th tm s t ty theo tm s tu m ctc dng khin tm bt an. Ni cch khc, tm v t u s dng t v tum khng c s chng tri nhau. Ngha tng ng (= ha hp vi nhau) nyc 5 yu t l: thi, s y, hnh tng, s duyn v s. Th d, tm vng vtm s: ng thi sanh khi, ng mt s y l cn bn thc, ng c chunghnh tng l kin phn, ng mt s duyn, ng mt th s, cho nn nic s tng ng.

Thin c lm thi bit phi chi

(Thc th su ring bit phi hp: khi th vi tm s thin, lc th vi tm sc)

thc khi gp cnh thin th cng vi tm s thin tng ng. thc khigp cnh bt thin hay v k th cng tm s bt thin hay v k tng ng.Cho nn ni l ty thi ring phi hp. Theo l lun bn, ly tnh suy xtcng c th bit c iu ny.

Tnh, gii, th tam hng chuyn dch

(Thc th su thng xuyn chuyn i gia 3 tnh, gia 3 ci, v gia 5th)


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Cu tng ny ni, thc th su lc no cng t chuyn ng lin tc theo 3tnh (thin, c, v k), 3 gii (Dc, Sc, V sc) v 5 th (kh, lc, u, h,x), do hnh tng ca n d t thay i, d t vt thot. Ring v 5 th,lun thuyt c ch khng ging nhau. Thc th by v thc th tm ch cx th. Nm thc trc chuyn bin c kh th v lc th. V thc th su,c 2 lun s ni khc nhau. Lun s th nht ni, nu a [52] vn c kh(= tp nhim) th thc th su gm 5 th. Lun s th hai ni, nu akhng c kh th thc th su ch c 3 th l u, h v x. Ni n 2 hnhthi cm th: kh qu v vui qu, vn t ra l, khi thc xc i cnhkh qu hay cnh vui qu, th ci kh y hay ci vui y c tc ng vo tmthc khng? Cu tr li l, ci kh a ngc V gin hay ci vui ci tritam thin, trong , thc lm sao c th qun mt c cnh thunnghch. (Ni cch khc, thc c mt trong 3 gii). Thn bc bch hay athch, gi l kh th hay lc th. Tm bc bch hay a thch, gi l u th

hay h th. Tm khng bc bch, cng khng a thch, gi l x th. Lyl m suy, v lun s ni, a vn c kh, cho thy ngha rt ro ca thcl vy.

Cn, ty, tn ng tng tng lin

(Cn bn phin no, ty phin no, bin hnh, bit cnh v bt nh, tc 51tm s ni tip nhau chuyn i theo thc)

Ch ng ch cho cc loi tm s cn li nh: bin hnh, bit cnh v bt

nh. Cc php nhim tnh, tc 51 mn tm s cng ni tip nhau chuyni theo thc, ging nh 3 tnh, 3 gii, 5 th ni trn.

ng thn, pht ng c vi ti

(Thc th su vt tri hn cc thc khc trong vic pht ng thn nghipv khu nghip)

Trong 8 thc tm vng, hnh tng ca thc vt tri hn c, v tnhcht ch o trong vic lm cho thn th hnh ng v ngn ng pht sanh.

i tha Thnh nghip lun (do b tt Th Thn son) ni v thc nhsau: Bn ngoi thn th hnh ng, ngn ng pht sanh, chng t bn trongc ci tm t duy; ging nh c n np di y nc, thy mt nc khuang, chng t c c.

Hot dng ca thc l s t duy. T duy c 3 loi: mt l, t duy xemxt, toan tnh (thm l t); hai l, t duy qu quyt, khng nh (quyt nh


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t); ba l, t duy khi ng, pht sanh [qua thn th v ngn ng] (ngpht t). Cc thc khc khng c hot dng rng ri nh vy, cho nn ni thc ti thng hn cc thc khc.

Dn mn nng chiu nghip lc khin

( thc c nng lc to nhip: dn nghip v mn nghip, v chiu qu:tng qu v bit qu)

thc c th mt mnh to ra 2 nghip l dn nghip v mn nghip. Hainghip ny c nng lc chiu cm 2 qu l tng qu v bit qu (tng bo v

bit bo), v l sc mnh th thng ca nghip. Dn nghip, l nghip ccng nng dn ko. Mn nghip, l nghip lm trn y tng qu. Th dnh ngi ha s, trc phc ha tng th (= dn nghip), sau mi v k chi

tit (= mn nghip). Ngha ny nn bit. Trong lun c ni 4 trng hpnghip dn: mt l, 1 nghip dn ra 1 qu; hai l, 1 nghip dn ra nhiuqu; ba l, nhiu nghip dn ra 1 qu; bn l, nhiu nghip dn ra nhiuqu. Qua y cho thy thc c nng lc to nghip, chiu qu. Mt phnthin c ca 5 thc trc cng c th to nghip. Thc th by v thc thtm, c hai khng th to nghip, v l tnh cht v k. Nu bn chung v 8thc th: chiu nghip thnh qu, l thc th 8 v 1 phn ca 6 thc trc;khng c to nghip chiu qu, ch c thc th by. Mt phn ca 6 thctrc, l ni n tnh cht thin v bt thin (ca 6 thc ). Tng bo, lqu bo tng th ca d thc nh ng lnh, ng d (, tc nhng no

ng sanh t, do dn nghip ca thc th 8 lm nghip ch yu chiucm). Bit bo, l qu bo sai bit (trong tng bo) nh sng lu hay chtyu, giu sang hay ngho hn, p hay xu v.v (, mun ngn sai bit, domn nghip ca 6 thc trc lm tng thng duyn).

Pht khi s tm Hoan h a

( s tm Hoan h a, thc pht khi c ci nng lc th thng v luc th tc thnh mi ngha li cho mnh v ngi)

Hoan h a, s tm ca thc chuyn thnh v lu, bi v 2 chngphn bit ng chp v php chp (cng nhng s tp nhim trong c o[53] ) u on tr.

Hi: Ba i on ht (lu) hoc hay sao? Nu hin ti on ht hoc, thhoc v tr chng cng sanh. Qu kh dit, v lai cha sanh, nh vy giai on no?


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p: Ch bn lun khi tr khi th hoc tr, cho nn thi v lai, th cahoc khng th tip tc sanh khi, v gi l on.

Cu sanh du t hin trin mien

(Tuy nhin, Hoan h a, vn cn c cu sanh ng chp v php chp chonn vn cn c nhng hin hnh v chng t sanh khi)

Trin l hin hnh (ngu ti). Min l chng t (nng n). Khi s tmHoan h a, thc vn cn c hin hnh v chng t ca cu sanh phinno chng v s tri chng, do v thc cha thun v lu. thc likhng thng an tr trong s ch qun v ng khng v php khng.

Vin hnh a hu thun v lu

(Sau Vin hnh a th thc mi thun v lu)

Vin hnh a tc l tht a. thc t tht a tr v trc, chng thu lu v v lu chen nhau sanh khi, do thc cha thng an tr trongch qun. T tht a tr v sau th thc mi thun v lu, do chng tcu sanh phin no chng v s tri chng khng cn hin hnh na, mthng an tr ni ch qun. Tuy nhin, ch qun v ng khng (sanh khng)th vin mn. Ch qun v php khng cn gin on (v thiu st).

Li na, trong 10 a, 5 a u phn nhiu l ch qun hu tng, phn t lch qun v tng. a th su, phn t l ch qun hu tng, phn nhiu lch qun v tng. T a th by tr ln l thun ch qun v tng.

Qun st vin minh chiu i thin

(By gi, thc tht s chuyn thnh Diu quan st tr, c hot dng trnsng chiu soi khp i thin th gii)

Thc th su s tm Hoan h a tuy khng cn 2 chng phn bit ngchp v php chp, chuyn thnh v lu, nhng vn cn chng t cu sanhphin no chng v s tri chng hin hnh trong cc a: Ly cu a,Pht quang a, Dim tu a, Nan thng a, Hin tin a. n a th by,Vin hnh a, th chng t cu sanh ca 2 chng vnh vin b hng phc,khng cn sanh khi na. By gi, v lu tnh thc thng hng sanh khi, thc vn tng ng cc tm s nay chuyn thnh Diu qun st tr, lun


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trn sng (vin minh), chiu khp i thin th gii. Khng ni chiu soimt th gii l v Diu qun st tr c cng nng chiu soi khp c vy.

---o0o---

Chng 3: THC TH BY

i cht, hu ph, thng tnh bn

(Thc th by duyn vi i cht cnh, tng ng vi hu ph v k tnh,t thng c thc v bn thc)

Cu tng ny ni v thc th by. Trong 3 tnh: thin, c v v k, thc thby ch tng ng vi v k tnh (trung tnh). Trong 4 tnh: thin, c, huph v k (trung tnh m c nhim) v v ph v k (trung tnh mkhng nhim), thc th by tng ng vi hu ph v k tnh. Trong 3cnh, thc th by ch duyn vi i cht cnh, do ly tm duyn tm.Ch tm trc l kin phn. Ch tm sau l bn cht. ( l thc th byly kin phn ca mnh duyn qua kin phn ca thc th tm, nn gia 2thc ny sanh ra 1 tng phn, gi l chn i cht cnh.) Tng phn mang (i) bn cht (= tnh cht ca cn bn thc) m sanh khi, gi l icht. Ni khc l, tng phn mang kin phn ca thc th tm m sanhkhi. V sao chng ni l mang (i) tnh cnh (cnh ca thc)? V tnh

cnh th trn ngp trong c nh cnh (ca thc), nn khng cp ntrong thc th by.

Ty duyn [54] chp ng, lng vi phi

(Thc th by do thc A li da sanh ra, ri tr li duyn thc A li da chplm t ng. Trong 3 lng, thc ny thuc v phi lng)

Thc th by theo st thc th tm, ly kin phn ca thc th tm lm itng chp ng. Chp c ngha l m p, vng mc. Thc th by y

cu sanh ng chp v php chp, cng nhau nhm vn sanh khi. Thc thby khng c ranh gii phn bit ci no l ng chp, ci no l phpchp. V sao? V s sanh khi v mt t duy, so lng ca thc th bykhng c mnh vy. Trong 3 lng, thc ny thuc v phi lng. Hnhthi nhn thc ca thc ny l bit sai lm v ng, l lun c thc t ng,cho nn gi l phi lng.


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Bt i, bin hnh, bit cnh tu

Tham, si, ng kin, mn tng ty

(Thc th by tng ng vi 8 phin no i ty, 5 tm s bin hnh, 1 tm

s tu trong bit cnh v 4 phin no cn bn l: tham, si, mn v ng kin)

Hai cu tng trn ni v cc mn tm s ca thc th by. Thc ny khiduyn cnh th thch ng vi 8 mn i ty phin no (tro c, hn trm, bttn, gii i, phng dt, tht nim, tn lon v bt chnh tri), vi 5 mn binhnh (tc , xc, th, tng v t), vi tm s tu trong 5 mn bit cnh(dc, thng gii, nim, nh v tu) v vi 4 mn phin no cn bn (tham,si, mn v ng kin).

Ngoi 18 mn tm s va nu, cc tm s khc v sao khng tng ng vithc th by?

Dc l tm mong cu nhng vic cha thnh, cha va . Thc ny chnhm vn (= khng cn tc ) vin theo cnh thnh, va , khng c tmmong cu g na, v vy thc ny khng c tm s dc.

Thng gii l ghi nhn v gn gi nhng cnh (trong lc) cha i n squyt nh. Thc ny t v th lun vin theo cnh quyt nh v ch triqua s ghi nhn v gn gi nh th, v vy thc ny khng c thng gii.

Nim l nh li nhng s vic tng hun tp. Thc ny lun duyn theocnh hin ti ang tip nhn, khng c s nh li (cnh qu kh), v vythc ny khng c nim.

nh l buc tm chuyn ch vo mt i tng. Thc ny trong tng stna nhm vn vin theo nhng i tng khc nhau, khng c s chuyn nht(vo mt i tng no c), v vy thc ny khng c nh.

Tm stu cng tc l ng kin (= ci thy theo thc t ng). T ng

kin m trin khai ra 51 mn tm s khc nhau. thc t ng (ng kin)ca thc ny cn tm s tu lm duyn t quyt nh cho ci thc ly A lida lm t ng.

Cc thin tm s (11 mn) l ng v mt thanh tnh m ni, nn thc nykhng thch ng.


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Cn bn phin no v ty phin no bao gm 26 mn, ni tng qut th uthch ng vi ng kin. Tuy nhin, i su chi tit th thy thc th by: vthm st quyt nh chp (A li da lm) ng nn khng cn khi tm snghi; v thm st luyn i ni ng (ng i) nn chng sanh tm s sn. Nitm, thc th by ch thch ng vi 4 mn phin no l: tham, si, mn vng kin. Hnh tng ca 10 mn tiu ty phin no nh phn, hn, ph,no v.v th th ng, cn hnh tng ca thc ny li thm t, cho nnkhng c s thch ng vi nhau. Hai mn trung ty (v tm, v qi) thucv bt thin, cn thc th by thuc v v k tnh, cho nn cng khng cs thch ng vi nhau.

C thuyt cho rng, thc ny khng tng ng vi i ty phin no. Nukhng c tm s hn trm th thc ny phi khng chc c tnh khng khamnhm (khng th gnh vc c vic g c), (nhng s tht th thc ny c

tnh y). Nu khng c tm s tro c th thc ny phi khng c tnh nong, v nh vy th thc ny hn phi mang tnh cht nh cc tm s thin,ngha l chng phi cng v nhim . nh (cho rng thc ny l) tmnhim m khng c tm s tn lon, th (thc ny) phi khng c tnhrong rui, nn (thc ny) chng phi l tm thc nhim . Nu khng ctht nim, bt chnh tri, th thc ny lm sao c kh nng sanh khi phinno hin tin? Nh vy, thc th by, cn gi l nhim [55] , nht nhcng tng ng vi 8 mn i ty phin no m sanh khi (hot dng thct ng).

Ni v 4 mn tm s bt nh. tc l n nn vic lm qua, cn thc nyth nhm vn (t ng, khng cn tc ) lun vin theo cnh hin ti, khng

phi vic qua, nn khng thch ng vi tm s hi. Thy min l da votnh trng thn nng n, tm m mui, v c khi tm sanh khi c l nhs gip sc ca cc duyn bn ngoi, cn thc ny t v th ch chp ng

bn trong khng nh cc duyn bn ngoi, nn khng thch ng vi tm sthy min. Tm v t u hng vo i tng bn ngoi m chuyn vn:t duy c cn su, chuyn ng c th t. Thc th by ny ch hng voi tng bn trong m chuyn vn, thc A li da lm t ng, nn khng

thch ng vi tm s tm v t.Hng thm t lng ng tng ty

(Thc th by thng xuyn t thc v t ng)


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Thc th by thng xuyn suy xt, ngh tng, so o, chp kin phn cathc th tm lm t ng, cho nn ni hng thm t lng ng tng ty. thc t ng (thm) trong tm thc tm vng c i chiu theo tnhcht thng hng (lin tc tip ni khng gin on) qua t c phn bit sauy:

1. Hng m khng thm: Thc th tm khng c chp ng, (v A li dachnh l t ng hng chuyn) khng gin on (m chng sanh t thcchp ly).

2. Thm m khng hng: Thc th su ly s chp ng ca thc th bylm ch da, nhng c lc gin on.

3. Va hng va thm: Thc th by chp A li da lm t ng, khng c

lc no m khng chp.4. Khng hng khng thm: Nm thc trc khng c chp ng, (nn vn thng xuyn chp ng khng t ra).

Ngi H Php b tt ni:

Ng, bt v php dic v nhn

Lc, tht nh thc thm qun bnh

(Nm thc trc v thc th tm khng c chp php v chp ng. Thcth su v thc th by rt bng nhau: mt bn chp php, mt bn chpng)

Hu tnh nht d trn hn m

(Chng sanh hu tnh ngy m b che lp hn m bi s chp ng ca thcth by)

Hu tnh lu chuyn trong m di sanh t m chng t thc tnh l do lunc ci thc t ng ca thc th by. Thc ny thch ng v cng sanhkhi vi 4 mn phin no cn bn v 8 mn phin no i ty.

T hoc, bt i tng ng khi


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(Bn phin no cn bn v 8 phin no i ty tng ng sanh khi vi thcth by)

Cu tng ny gii thch ngha ca cu tng trc. T hoc, l 4 mnphin no cn bn: ng si, ng kin, ng mn, ng i. Bt i, l 8 mnphin no i ty: tro c, hn trm, bt tn, gii i, phng dt, tht nim,tn lon, bt chnh tri. T hoc v bt i u c gii thch. Nichung, phin no cn bn khng phi l y tha khi tnh, cn phin no tythuc l y tha khi tnh.

Lc chuyn h vi nhim tnh y

(Thc th su chuyn i theo thc t ng. Chnh thc t ng lm chotm thc tp nhim hay chuyn i i m lm cho tm thc thanh tnh. Do

m ( nhim) c gi l nhim tnh y)Thc th su gi thc th by l nhim tnh y. Khi thc th by cn av hu lu (th gian), thng xuyn thc A li da lm t ng nn thc thsu theo mi nim m thnh nhim (= phm phu). Khi thc th by tn a v v lu (xut th gian), thng xuyn ng nhp v ng nn thcth su theo mi nim m thnh thanh tnh (= thnh gi). Nh vy, thcth su thnh nhim hay thanh tnh u do thc th by c.

Cc h s tm bnh ng tnh

( s tm ca Cc h a, thc th by ang chuyn thnh bnh ng tnhtr)

a th nht gi l Cc h, s tm ca thc th by chuyn thnh v lu.By gi thc ny tng ng vi (c tnh ca mt trong t tr) tm phm,ang trong giai on chuyn i thnh tr, v thc th su cng chuynthnh v lu, do thc th su i vo ch qun v ng khng (sanh khng) v

php khng. S i vo ch qun v ng khng ca thc th su lmchng ngi ci chp t ng ca thc th by khng cho sanh khi, tuy

nhin, (chng t) php chp ca thc th by vn cn, cho nn lun nirng: n chp Mt na c chng v/ Bnh ng tnh tr bt hin tin(Chng t php chp ca Mt na vn cn th Bnh ng tnh tr cha hintin). Khi thc th su i vo ch qun v ng khng v php khng thchng ngi cho thc th by sanh khi chng t ng chp v php chp,cho nn lun ni rng: Song chp Mt na qui chng v/ Bnh ng tnh tr


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phng hin tin (Chng t ng chp v php chp khng cn th Bnh ngtnh tr mi hin tin).

Thc th by khng c nng lc on hoc v on chp, ton nh thc thsu on dm cho. V vy c cu tng:

Phn bit nh chng Cc h vLc tht cu sanh a a tr tht tu o tr chng hinKim cang o hu tng giai v.

( a v Cc h th c hai chng phn bit (ng chp v php chp) b itr bi s ch qun ca thc th su cho n khng cn. Tuy nhin, cu sanhng chp v php chp ca thc th by phi nh thc th su ( v lu)

on tr t t, tri qua cc a. n a v tu o, tc t Bt ng a tr lnth thc th by mi tr c chng t v hin hnh ca ng chp. Khichng Kim cang o th thc ny chuyn thnh tr, cu sanh php chp bygi khng cn na).

Ni tm, thc th by thnh c v lu ton l nh thc th su tu chqun i tr s chng ngi ca hoc tp nhim (= ng si, ng kin, ngmn, ng i) v chng c s thanh tnh ca lc tng thng [56] .

V cng dng hnh ng hng ti

(n a th tm, a m c v cng dng hnh, th ng chp ca thcth by mi c ph tr)

T a th tm tr v trc, thc th by vn cn chp php, nhng chpng c lc gin on. l do th th su khng thng xuyn an trni ch qun v ng khng v php khng. n a th tm, gi l Bt nga, (v c v cng dng i vi v tng v trong cc tng th khngcn b phin no hin hnh lm xao ng), th chng t ng chp ca thcth by mi b on tr, nhng chng t php chp vn cn sanh khi c

gin on. l do thc th su thng an tr ni ch qun v ng khng.V sao chng on c chng t php chp? V chng t php chp khnglm chng ngi nhn t (v duyn t ni ti m cc php sanh, cc phpthnh, cc php sanh thnh ri tc dng), l lun thch ng vi trin mien[57], nhm vn [58] sanh khi, th (ca n v tng rt) vi t, tnh hu ph(nn nhim) vy.


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Nh lai hin khi tha th dng

Thp a b tt s b c

(Khi thc th by chuyn thnh Bnh ng tnh tr th c nng lc ha hin

tha th dng thn, nh c Nh lai ha hin tha th dng thn gio hacho cc hng b tt Thp a)

Khi thc th by tr thnh v lu th tng ng vi Bnh ng tnh tr. qu v Pht, Bnh ng tnh tr c nng lc ha hin ra 10 loi thn tha thdng. tc nng lc gio ha ca Pht, v i tng c gio ha y l

b tt thp a. Bnh ng tnh tr c nng lc hin khi tha th dng thn lda vo ngha th thng (so vi 3 tr kia) m ni nh vy, k tht bn tr uc nng lc hin khi tha th dng thn.

---o0o---

Chng 4: THC TH TM

Tnh duy v ph, ng bin hnh

(Thc th tm mang tnh cht v ph v k, v tng ng vi 5 tm s Binhnh)

Cu tng ny ni v thc th tm. Trong 4 tnh: thin, bt thin, hu ph vk, v ph v k, thc th tm thuc v ph v k, v thc ny khng mangtnh nhim (nn gi l v ph), v thc ny l s y cho thanh tnh v tpnhim mt cch bnh ng khng chng tri nhau (nn gi l v k), v thcny c ci nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (, tc ni kh nng tip nhn cc

php tp nhim hun tp ri lm nhn sanh ra cc php y).

Khi duyn cnh, thc ny cng tng ng vi 5 tm s bin hnh: xc, tc, th, tng, t; nhng khng tng ng vi cc tm s khc. V sao?

Tnh cht v k (trung tnh) l khng phi thin, khng phi c. Khngphi thin nn thc ny khng cng tng ng vi tm s thin, v khngphi c nn thc ny khng cng tng ng vi tm s c.

Gii a ty tha nghip lc sanh


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(Thc th tm ty theo nghip lc thin hay c m biu hin trong 3 ci, 9a)

Thc th tm chuyn hin trong 3 ci, 9 a, 5 ng, ty theo sc canghip thin hay c m chiu cm qu bo d thc. Thc th tm vi ctnh lm ch th tham d vo tng bo v bao qut tt c t th ([sanhmng] khc nhau) trong 3 ci, mi ng lnh ng d. c tnh lm chth nh vy c 4 ngha: mt l, thc th tm l cn bn ca cc php hinhu, ni khc, n va l cht liu, va l t hp cho tt c t th v mitrng trong t th tn ti; hai l, thc th tm mang c tnh hngchuyn, ngha l t v th n thun nht [59] lin tc tip ni thng hngkhng gin on; ba l, thc th tm khng mang tnh nhim nn l vph, do v khng b trm kn bi khch trn phin no a; bn l, thcth tm c gi l thc d thc (= nghip thc), v n a n kt qu

thnh thc ca nghip thin v bt thin trong cc ci, mi ng lnhng d v trong cc sanh loi khc nhau.

Trong tm thc, ch c thc th tm l hon ton do nghip lc hun tp.Thc th by tri li hon ton khng do nghip lc hun tp (, v n lunlun bm st A li da v vin chp A li da lm t ng = y b chuyn, duynb). Su thc trc th c mt phn do nghip lc hun tp v mt phnkhng do nghip lc hun tp. y l ni v s hun tp ca nghip thinv nghip bt thin (qua 8 thc tm vng).

Tnh cht v k ca thc th tm c v nh cc t kh khng th nnthnh vin, do phi cn c nc, keo v.v ha trn vi t kh mi nnthnh vt c. Cng vy, di tc ng trc tip ca nghip lc thin c(d cho nc, keo) m thc th tm c th dn ra hin hnh ca n thamd vo 3 ci v 9 a. Cy, v.v t n khng th thnh vt m khngcn lc tc ng, cng vy, thc th tm khng th t chuyn hin v thamd vo gii, a m khng ty thuc vo sc mnh hun tp ca nghipthin, c.

Nh tha bt liu nhn m chp

(Hng nh tha do khng hiu r v thc A li da nn m chp cho rngkhng c thc A li da)

Thc th tm rt vi t, kh nhn bit, cho nn hng nh tha thanh vn (hiusai v cc php s tri,) khng tin c thc ny, ch chp nhn 6 thc trc c


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kh nng th hun v duy tr chng t [60] . l do hng nh tha tm trcn ct m c ra s m chp nh vy.

Do th nng hng lun ch tranh

(Bi vy mi c s vic tranh lun v thc th tm gia cc lun s i thav lun s tiu tha)

Do hng nh tha khng hiu, cho rng khng c thc th tm, cho nn cclun s i tha vin dn 3 kinh, 4 tng, 5 gio, 10 l chng minh rng cthc th tm.

Kinh A t t ma, kinh Gii thm mt v kinh Lng gi l 3 b kinh i tham tiu tha b phi khng chp nhn.

i chng b c kinh A cp ma, Thng ta b c lun Phn bit, Ha ab v Thuyt nht thit hu b c kinh Tng nht. Ba kinh lun ny c 4b phi tiu tha v i tha chp nhn.

Bi tng Thp chng sau y nu ra 10 c tnh chng minh s hin huca thc th tm:

Tr chng, d thc tmTh sanh, hu, th thc

Sanh t, duyn, y thcDit nh tm, nhim tnh.

(Thc th tm l thc chng t c cng nng duy tr chng t, l thc (tm)d thc v l a n kt qu chn mui (thc) ca nghip thin v btthin trong cc ci, mi ng lnh ng d v trong cc sanh loi khcnhau. kit sanh lin tc ri th chnh thc d thc chp th sc cn v sy ca cc sc cn (= chp th thn th v th gii ca thn th). A li da cc tnh lm nhn trong s kt sanh lin tc (sanh) nn gi l thc chng t.A li da c c tnh lm qu trong s lnh th qu d thc sau khi cht (t)

nn gi l thc d thc. A li da lm nhn duyn cho cc php sanh khi nngi l thc nhn duyn. A li da lm thc thc cho hu tnh sanh ra trong baci, tc ni s duy tr cn thn ca thc d thc. Nhp dit tn nh th thcd thc vn khng ri thn, v khng do i tr thc y m c dit nh.Tch ri thc chng t d thc th phin no tp nhim v s thanh tnh cath gian v xut th gian bt thnh, ni khc, A li da vi tnh v k lm sy cho thanh tnh v tp nhim mt cch bnh ng)


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Bi tng trn gm 10 ngha sau y:

1. Tr chng tm:

a. Nh kinh i tha A t t ma cng c bi chnh c sau y:

V th thi lai giiNht thit php ng yDo th hu ch thCp nit bn c chng.

(Gii [= thc chng t], t v th n nay, l s y ca ht thy php. Do m c s lun hi trong mi ng lnh ng d v c s chng c qunit bn.)

Bi tng ny ni v t tnh vi t ca thc th tm. Ngang qua tc dng cathc ny m c th hin th c t tnh ca n. Hai cu u ca bi tngcho thy tc dng nhn duyn ca thc th tm. Hai cu sau l ni tcdng nng ta v duy tr (y tr) ca th, nn, thc (th tm) trong s luchuyn v hon dit. V th thi lai gii (gii t v th li), l ni c tnhlm nhn ca thc th tm, ngha l thc chng t t v th n nay trinchuyn lin tc tip ni lm nhn pht sanh cc php tp nhim (, tc chngt sanh hin hnh). Nht thit php ng y (ht thy php u nng), lni c tnh lm duyn ca thc th tm, ngha l thc chp tr t v th

n nay lm ch nng ta cho cc php tp nhim, ni khc, thc th tmc nng tnh thu gi chng t nn lm ch nng ta tip nhn cho ccphp tp nhim hun tp (, tc hin hnh sanh chng t). Hai cu u cabi tng gii thch cho tr chng tm.

Do th hu ch th (do c cc th), l ni do c thc th tm ny chptr (chp th v nm gi) tt c php (tp nhim) thun vi s lu chuyn,v vy mi c s lu chuyn sanh t (lun hi) ca cc loi hu tnh. Tuy

bit hoc, nghip l nhn ca s lu chuyn (tp ), nhng ch th(ng lnh ng d) l qu bo ca s lu chuyn (kh ), nn nhn

mnh im ny. Ch th, cng c th hiu l nng th (nhn) v s th(qu), u cng trong phm vi lu chuyn sanh t, trong tc dng duy tr vnng ta ca thc th tm.

Cp nit bn chng c (v nit bn chng c), l ni do c thc th tmny chp tr (chp th v nm gi) tt c php (thanh tnh) thun vi s hondit, v vy mi c s chng c nit bn ca ngi tu hnh. y ch ni


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phn o nng chng, l con ng a n nit bn (o ), v nit bnkhng da thc ny m c. Hoc cng ni l nit bn s chng (dit ), lch mong cu ca ngi tu hnh. Hoc cng ni nng v s, nhng c haiu nhip vo s hon dit nit bn. Nh vy, hai cu tng sau ni v v lu

php nhng cng y vo thc th tm m hin th.

b. Kinh i tha A t t ma li c bi tng rng:

Do nhip tng ch phpNht thit chng t thcC danh A li daThng gi [61] ng khai th.

(L ci ch thc thu tng chng t ca cc php, nn mnh danh l A li

da, i vi ngi thng th Nh lai khai th cho )Do bn thc th tm y cc chng t nn c kh nng thu gi(nhiptng) cc php tp nhim, theo ngha ny m lp danh A li da. Thc ny tv th cho n Bt ng a khng cn ng chp, tn gi l A li da, dchngha l tng thc. y l t cng nng m lp danh.

c. Kinh Gii thm mt c bi tng:

A na thc thm thm t

Tp kh chng t nh bc luNg phm phu bt khai dinKhng b phn bit chp vi ng.

(Thc A na cng cc vi t, tt c chng t nh dng nc mnh. Nh laikhng ni cho k phm ngu, s h phn bit chp lm bn ng.)

A na, i ng dch l chp tr, tc l thc th tm (m n lc mt nathc: ci thc t ng lc no cng c). V c kh nng chp tr (nm gi)chng t cc php tp nhim, chp th cc sc cn, thn th (= s y ca cc

sc cn) v th gii ca cn thn y, chp th s kit sanh lin tc, cho nnthc ny tn l A na. Ni tm, thc ny c 3 ngha nn gi l A na:mt l, chp tr chng t cc php tp nhim khng cho ri mt; hai l,chp th sc cn (= cc gic quan), sanh mng (y) v i sng (x) ca sanhmng y; ba l, chp th s kit sanh lin tc (, ngha l, A na l ch thnm ly sanh mng t khi sanh n khi cht, lin tc nm ly t i sngny n i sng khc).


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Hng hu tnh khng c chng tnh gic ng th khng th nhn thc cngtt cn ca thc A na, nn ni l rt su (= thm thm). Hng nhtha dn thn i ti nit bn th khng th thng t thng ngha ca thc A na, nn ni l vi t. y l ni chng t chn tht (= chng t trong[62] ) c nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (= th hun) ht thy cc php tpnhim, nu c duyn t tc ng th pht sanh cc chuyn thc khc (= thcth dng, l 6 thc trc, th dng qu bo kh vui), v nh (c duyn tlm cho) nhiu cn sng (= chuyn thc) ni ln, nhng bn thn dng nc(= thc A na) vn chy mi, khng t khng ht, nn ni nh dng ncchy mnh (= bc lu). V s k phm ngu (= phm phu v nh tha) ivi thc ny khi tm phn bit, chp lm t ng m a vo cc ng chay chng ngi s sanh Thnh o, cho nn c Th tn khng ging nithc ny cho h. Duy c hng b tt i tha th Th tn mi v h m khaith thc ny.

Bi tng ny cng chng minh ngha tr chng tm. Su chuyn thc trc(v thc mt na c n lc) khng c ngha tr chng tm.

d. Trong kinh Lng gi c bi tng rng:

Nh hi ng thun phongKhi chng chng ba lngHin tin tc dng chuynV hu gin on thi.

Tng thc hi dic nhinCnh gii phong s kchDn khi ch thc lngHin tin tc dng chuyn.

(Nh bin gp duyn gi m khi ra th sng mi, ngay trc mt thytc dng chuyn ng khng c lc no gin on ca sng mi. Bin tngthc cng vy, b gi cnh gii kch ng nn lc no cng sanh khi ccsng thc m hin tin thy chng c tc dng chuyn bin lin tc.)

Bi tng ny ni v c tnh ca thc th tm; cc chuyn thc khc khngc c tnh ny. Thc th tm l bin tng thc, v bin tng thc hngkhi cc sng thc (6 thc trc) trin chuyn sanh dit, lin tc khng dt.

Trn y dn chng 4 bi tng ca kinh lun i tha gii thch nghatr chng tm ca bi tng Thp chng.


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Kinh A cp ma (= A hm) ca i chng b dng mt m ni A li davi ci tn thc cn bn, do v A li da l s y cho cc chuyn thc.

Kinh in Thng ta b v lun Phn bit u c mt gi thc ny lthc hu phn. Hu, l tam hu (3 ci). Phn, l ngha nhn t. Ch cthc th tm hng bin 3 ci v lm nhn t (= thc thc) cho hu tnh sanh ra trong 3 ci.

Ha a b dng mt m ni A li da l ci un cng tn sanh t[63] ,bi v la A li da th khng c un php no ring khc m c th i n tncng ngn m sanh t, khng lc no gin on.

Kinh Tng nht a hm ca Thuyt nht thit hu b cng mt ni thc thtm l A li da, nh ni chng sanh yu A li da, thch A li da, a A li

da, khoi A li da. Do trong gio ngha ca Nht thit hu b c ci tn Ali da, nn khng nh l thc th tm.

Trn y dn ra 4 gio ngha ca cc b phi tiu tha chng minh cthc th tm. Th nhng cc b phi tiu tha vn chp chc rng ch c 6thc trc thi (v cho 6 thc trc l s hun).

Kh kinh c ni, ni thu gi v pht sanh chng t ca cc php tpnhim v thanh tnh l tm. Thc l d danh ca tm. Nu khng c thcth tm th ci tm duy tr chng t kia cng khng c. Cc chuyn thc c

s gin on khi Dit tn nh, bi v cc chuyn thc c cn s y, cnh sduyn v tc ring bit (nn khng ng thi sanh khi v tng ng, do khng c tnh cht nng hun v s hun), c tm s thin v nhm loikhc nhau (thch ng v hin hnh, nhng trong dit nh li khng c sthch ng v hin hnh y). Tm li, cc chuyn thc (m cho l tm) ud sanh khi, d bin mt, khng kin tr, khng c nng tnh hun tp vduy tr chng t, (nn chng phi l ci tm thu gi v pht sanh chng tca cc php tp nhim v thanh tnh). Ch c thc th tm vi c tnhng nht, thng hng, khng gin on, kin tr, tip nhn hun tp(, nh m p hoa, m vi hoa cng sanh cng dit, ri m thnh ra c cihi thm ca hoa,) mi thch ng vi ch tm ca kh kinh. y l chngminh thc th tm l tm, ph hp vi tr chng tm trong cu u ca thpchng tng.

2. Tm d thc:


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Kh kinh li ni, c tm d thc l do nghip hoc thin c cm ng. Nukhng c thc th tm th tm d thc khng th c. Ch c ci tm chn dthc p ng s li ko ca dn nghip i khp (3 ci) khng c gin on.Tm d thc, l thc th tm. Ch tm trong cu tng u thng ngha 4 chtr chng, d thc.

Trn y gii thch xong ngha cu th nht ca Thp chng tng.

3. Th v sanh:

Kh kinh li ni, hu tnh lu chuyn trong 5 th hng, 4 sanh loi.Nu khng c thc ny th th ca th v sanh y khng th c c. Hi 4 ngha: tht c, thng hng, bin khp, khng tp lon, th mi cth gi l th ca th v sanh chn tht v chnh xc. Nhng th chiu cm

bi nghip ca 5 thc trc u khng bin khp cc th v sanh, v trongci V sc hon ton khng c 5 thc trc. Nhng th chiu cm binghip ca thc tuy bin khp cc th v sanh, nhng khng hng hu.Ch c tm d thc cng vi tm s ca n l tht c, thng hng, binkhp, khng tp lon. Chnh tht th v sanh vn ch l tm d thc v tms ca n. V nh vy, nu tch ri thc th tm, th th v sanh theo l btthnh. y l gii thch 2 ch th sanh chng minh thc th tm l thca th v sanh.

4. Chp th thc:

Li na, kh kinh ni, c ci cn thn hu sc l c s chp th sc cn.Nu khng c thc th tm th s chp th sc cn khng th c c. y, ch c tm d thc mi l ci tm c th chp th (sc cn hu lu).

Nhng thc khc, nh nhn thc v.v, khng c ngha chp th sc cn (,v chng u c ci cn s y khc nhau, u khng kin tr, m cc sc cnth khng th tch ri vi tm).

5. Th, nn, thc:

Li na, kh kinh ni, th, nn v thc, ba ci ny nng ta v duy trln nhau c th cng tn ti lin tc tip ni. Nu cho l khng cthc th tm, th khng mt thc no khc c th duy tr s tn ti di luca th v nn (= th mng v hi m). Bi v, nh m thanh, gi v.vkhng c ci dng thng xuyn duy tr (, ngha l lc c lc khng); cngvy, cc chuyn thc c gin on, c chuyn bin, khng c ci dngthng xuyn duy tr th v nn, nn khng th xc lp l thc duy tr th v


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nn. Ch thc d thc mi c ci dng thng xuyn duy tr th v nn, nnc xc lp l thc duy tr th v nn. on ny gii thch ngha ca chthc. Ch thc ny bao gm cc ch ng trc: thc th ca th sanh,thc chp th hu sc cn thn, thc duy tr th nn. n y gii thchxong cu: Th sanh, hu, th thc.

Sau y gii thch cu tng: sanh t, duyn, y thc.

6. Tm sanh t:

Li na, kh kinh ni, ht thy loi hu tnh khi th sanh, khi mngchung, nht nh trong trng hung tn tm, khng phi l trnghung v tm nh. Nu khng c thc th tm, th khi sanh, khi t, citm tn lon kia cng phi khng c. Bi v, khi sanh, khi t thn tm m

mt nh gic ng khng chim bao, hay nh khi b m ngt, (by gi) thcsng sut chc chn khng hin khi. trng hung v tm (nh khi ngsay khng chim bao, khi hn m cc im) th hnh tng v s duyn casu chuyn thc khng c nhn bit (, ngha l thc khng hot ng).Trng hp khi th sanh hay mng chung phi c ci tm tn lon, cn gil tm sanh t. C b phi chp rng, trng hung khi sanh, khi t, cmt loi thc vi t m hnh tng v s duyn ca n khng th bit r;nn bit loi thc vi t l thc th tm. Li na, khi sp cht th tynghip thin hay nghip c lm m ni thn th, hoc bt u t di trln, hoc bt u t trn sp xung, dn dn pht lnh. Nu khng c thc

th tm th s th nh vy khng th c c. Cc chuyn thc th khngth chp th cn thn. y chng minh c ci tm khi sanh, khi t, tm l thc th tm.

7. Thc duyn danh sc:

Li na, kh kinh ni, thc duyn danh sc, danh sc duyn thc. Haiphp nh vy ln lt nng ta vo nhau, y nh b lau ta nhau m ng.Nu khng c thc th tm ny th t th ca thc (trong thc duyn danhsc) khng th c c. V li, hot ng ca cc chuyn thc c tnh ginon nn khng nng lc thng xuyn duy tr danh sc, th lm sao nichng thng xuyn lm duyn cho danh sc. Cho nn, thc trong thcduyn danh sc, r rng l th th tm. y l gii thch ch duyn trong

bi tng Thp chng.

8. Thc thc:


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Li na, kh kinh ni, tt c hu tnh u nng vo n m tn ti. Nukhng c thc th tm th th ca thc thc khng th c c. Do y

bit chc rng ngoi cc chuyn thc cn c thc d thc, l thc thnghng, bin khp, c kh nng duy tr thn mng khng cho hoi dt. Nngtheo l , c Th tn ni, tt c hu tnh u nng vo n m tn ti.

Nn bit ch c thc d thc l c tnh cht n hn ht (trong 4 cch n:on thc, xc thc, t thc v thc thc). Thc thc chnh l thc thtm.

Cu th ba, sanh t, duyn, y thc, ca bi tng Thp chng gii thchxong.

9. Dit tn nh tm:

Li na, kh kinh ni, ngi tr dit nh th thn hnh, ng hnh vtm hnh u dit, nhng mng sng v hi m vn cn, cn khngbin hoi, thc khng ri thn. Nu khng c thc th tm th s th thckhng ri thn ca ngi tr dit nh khng th c c. Nhn thc v.vc hnh tng th ng, v vy i vi cnh s duyn thc phi ch phtmi phn bit lao nhc. Do nhm chn s phn bit lao nhc ca thc kiam ngi tu dit nh tm thi mong cu nh ch n, ri dn dn ch phc,cho n khi dit hn thc. Cn c trng hung khng c thc m xc lpngi tr dit nh. Cho nn, trong nh ny, 6 thc u dit. Nu khngtha nhn tn ti mt loi thc vi t, thng hng, bin khp, c kh nng

duy tr mng sng v hi m, th cn c vo u m ni thc khng rithn. Nu hon ton khng c thc no c th ng vi ngi , m ngi th khng c tnh thc. T l l ny m bit ngi tr dit nh bt buc

phi c thc (d thc). Ci thc khng ri thn V tng nh, V tngthin, cn c theo y m bit. y l gii thch 3 ch dit nh tm.

10. Nhim tnh tm:

Li na, kh kinh ni, tm tp nhim nn hu tnh tp nhim, tm thanhtnh nn hu tnh thanh tnh. Nu khng c thc th tm th tm tpnhim, tm thanh tnh kia khng c. Cc php tp nhim v thanh tnh lytm lm cn bn, nhn ni tm m sanh, nng ni tm m tr. y l giithch 3 ch tm nhim tnh. Ch tm ng gia cu tng th t dng chungcho 2 ch trc: dit nh v 2 ch sau: nhim tnh.

Trn y lc dn vn ca lun Thnh duy thc. Mun hiu r tng tnngha l xin xem vn ca lun y, quyn th 3 v quyn th 4. Vic minh


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chng c thc th tm l l v bin, xem khng phi ch c 10 nghachng minh c thc ny m thi. Trong lun Du gi cng c 8 ngha chngminh c thc ny, s phin nn khng dn. Nh vy dn gii xong bitng Thp chng.

Do v hng tiu tha khng tin c thc th tm ny m ngi H Php lunch dn d nhiu ln sao cho sng t, t li vn ri ging r, cho nnc cu tng: Do th nng hng lun ch tranh.

Ho ho tam tng bt kh cng

(C 3 c tnh su rng, ni khng th cng tn v A li da, l: nngtng, s tng v ng i chp tng)

Ho ho, l su rng. Tam tng, l nng tng, s tng v ng i chp tng.Thc ny c nng tnh duy tr chng t pht sanh cc php (, lm nhn chocc php, tc chng t sanh hin hnh), nn gi l nng tng. Thc ny cnng tnh tip nhn cc php hun tp chng t (, lm qu cho cc php, tchin hnh sanh chng t), nn gi l s tng. Thc th by chp kin phnca thc th tm lm t ng, nn gi l ng i chp tng. V vy, (kinh itha A t t ma) c bi tng rng:

Ch php thc tngThc php dic nh

Cnh h vi qu tnhDic thng vi nhn tnh.

(Cc php (= cc chuyn thc) i vi tng thc th no th tng thc ivi cc php cng vy, lm qu cho nhau m cng lm nhn cho nhau.)

ca bi tng ny ni, thc A li da cng cc chuyn thc trin chuyntng sanh, h tng nhau lm nhn, lm qu trong mi thi gian. Nhipi tha lun ni, A li da vi cc php tp nhim ng thi lm nhnduyn cho nhau. Dn lun ny thy thc th tm c 3 ngha: nng

tng, s tng v ng i chp tng. Th v dng ca A li da rt su rng, nnhng phm phu v tiu tha khng thng t c. Kinh gii thm mt cngni, thc A na cng cc vi t. Xin xem ch gii vn trn. Dn bi tngny chng minh danh ngha chp tr ca thc th tm, qua thy hng

phm phu v nh tha khng thng t c.

Uyn thm tht lng cnh vi phong


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(T ni bin tng thc su thm, do gi cnh gii thi ti m 7 cn sngchuyn thc hin khi trn mt bin y)

y l ni A li da, nh nc, (lm nhn) hin khi cc chuyn thc (thdng qu bo kh vui). Cc chuyn thc, nh sng, hin hnh ri tr li(lm nhn) hun tp chng t ni A li da. Bn duyn l, cn (Mt na),cnh (cn thn, th gii), tc v chng t, d nh gi. Nu gi 4 duynthng xuyn tc ng nc A li da hin hnh cc chuyn thc (= chng tsanh hin hnh), ng thi sng 7 thc thng hin khi tr li hun tpchng t ni A li da (= hin hnh sanh chng t). V mt d, nhiu gi thin th nhiu sng ln sanh, t gi thi n th t sng nh khi. V mt

php, nhiu duyn th nhiu thc sanh, t duyn th t thc khi. Cho nnkinh Lng gi ni, nh bin gp duyn gi m khi ra th sng miv.v, xin xem vn trn.

Th hun, tr chng, cn thn kh

(A li da c nng tnh th hun v tr chng. Chng t, cn thn v kh thgii u l cnh s duyn ca A li da)

y l ni thc th tm c nng tnh tip nhn hun tp t 7 thc trc,cng nh nng tnh duy tr chng t cc php hu lu v v lu (= cc phpnhim tnh). Nng tnh duy tr chng t (tr chng) ca thc th tm chothy thc ny c ci c tnh lm ch th nn bao qut mi tng bo (v bit

bo trong 3 ci, ng lnh ng d).

Nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (th hun) ca thc ny cn 4 ngha: mtl, kin tr (= lin tc n nh); hai l, v k (= trung tnh); ba l, khhun (= kh nng th hun); bn l, ha hp vi nng hun (= cng thncng lc vi nng hun).

Kin tr, ngha l t ban s v th n chung cuc cu cnh ch c mt loi(thc) tip ni lin tc l thc th tm. Thc th by cng c c tnh nhvy, ti sao khng c ngha s hun (= th hun)? Xt ngha th 2 ri mi

chn lc.

V k, ngha l nh tnh cht ca m, khng thm khng hi. Khi p vihng liu th m thnh ra c ci hi thm ca hng liu. Khi xng vi hi th m thnh ra c ci mi thi ca hi. Mt vt vn l c mi thmhay mi hi, th d cho c dng ci khc xng p vt cho hi i haythm i, tri qua nhiu ngy thng, rt cuc chng c th bin i ci mi


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vn c ca n. Cng vy, thc thc by vn c tnh cht hu ph v k(trung tnh m c nhim), cho nn khng c c tnh s hun. Thc thtm v 5 thc trc c 2 ngha trn nn thch ng ngha s hun. Xtngha th 3 ri mi chn lc.

Kh hun, ngha l c tnh cht t ti. Ni khng t ti th khng phi lni tip nhn hun tp. Thc th tm ca ngi khc c 3 ngha: kintr, v k, kh hun, c phi l c ngha s hun c sao? Xt ngha th 4ri mi chn lc.

Ha hp vi nng hun, ngha l nng hun v s hun phi ng thi,ng x mi ha hp c. Th th tm ca ngi khc v thc th tmca mnh th khc nhau, khng lin quan nhau. Nu nng hun ca mnh mc th hun tp vo thc th tm ca ngi khc, th cng nh ni mnh n

m i ngi khc no, c sao? V l thc th tm c 4 ngha trn nnch n mi c nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (= th hun).

Cu tng ch ni th hun ca thc th tm. Hnh nh biu hin ca 7 thctrc (trong A li da) chnh l nng tnh hun tp (nng hun). Trong cc

bi tng v 7 thc trc n lc t ng nng hun.

Nng hun c 4 ngha: mt l, c sanh dit (= c sanh dit chuyn bin);hai l, c thng dng (= c cng lc t duy v thin c); ba l, c tnggim (= c khi tng khi gim); bn l, ha hp vi s hun (= cng thn

cng lc vi s hun).

C sanh dit, ngha l php no c tc dng sanh trng, php y c tnhnng hun. Vy th, v k, sc php, tm php u c tnh sanh dit, c thl nng hun chng? Xt ngha th 2 ri mi chn lc.

C thng dng, ngha l cn c sc mnh u thng ca tnh thin c, huph ( nhim) m gi l c thng dng. (iu ny loi ra tm, tm s thucd thc (= b chi phi bi nghip qu kh), v th lc yu km ca chng.)Vy th, qu v Pht, php (thin vin mn ca Pht chng) l cng

thng, sao chng phi l nng hun. Xt ngha th 3 ri mi chn lc.

C tng gim, ngha l c tn ch. qu v Pht (php thin vin mn caPht chng) khng c tn ch (= khng tng, khng gim) nn khng th lnng hun. Tn ch l nn cng th cng, hp nhu lin nhu, vic lm cth lm xong. By thc trc c 3 ngha trn, vy bn thn chng c


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kh nng hun tp ni ngi khc khng? Ni cch khc, chng c ha hpvi s hun khng?

Ha hp vi s hun, ngha l thc th 8 v cc tm s u c th l itng cho s hun tp ca 7 thc trc. Thc th tm th c tnh v k; cctm s th c tnh thin, tnh c. S hun, nh vy, l thc th 8, cc tms khng d phn vo. Nu cho tm s c th tip nhn hun tp th mc lilm rt ln, ch nn hi vn.

Chng t, cn thn v kh th gii u l cnh s duyn ca thc th tm.Khi ni thc th tm c c tnh duy tr chng t(tr chng) th cng cngha l ni n c c tnh tip nhnhun tp (th hun).

Kh hu, lai tin, tc ch ng

(A li da l ch th ca nhn duyn: hin hnh sanh chng t hay chng tsanh hin hnh, u l A li da v cc chuyn thc ca n. A li da l chth ca tng bo: i th i sau, n th n trc)

Thc th tm l ch th ca tng bo, nn hu tnh khi u thai th n l vch nhn ng n trc ht, khi mng chung n b i sau cng.

Bt ng a tin, ti x tng

(T Bt ng a tr ln, thc th tm mi x ci tn A li da hay tng thc)Thc th tm t nhn hu lu n qu v lu lc c 3 giai on (= trngthi) pht trin: mt l, hin hnh s chp tng ng i (B tt t tht atr xung, vi tn A li da); hai l, kt qu ca nghip thin c (t v thn b tt Kim cang tm, vi tn thc d thc); ba l, chp tr dng tngtc (chp th sc cn, chp th t th, vi tn thc A na). Ni cch khc,t v th n Bt ng a, thc th tm c mnh danh l A li da, cngha tng thc. Li na, t v th n gii thot o (= Kim cang o), ctn T b ca, c ngha l thc d thc. Do c 3 ngha sau m gi l d

thc: mt l, bin d thc (qu chn do nhn bin i); hai l, d thi thc(nhn v qu cch thi mi chn mui); ba l, d loi thc (qu khc nhn,nhng do nhn m qu thnh thc). Sau qu v Pht n tn v lai v tn, ctn l thc v cu.

A li da l ni thc th tm nhip tng cc php tp nhim v hu tnh chpn nh l t ng ni ti. Thc d thc l ni A li da do nghip lc thin c


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hun tp m thnh qu bo. Chp tr dng tng tc l ni thc A nachp th chng t (ca tng, danh v phn bit) v duy tr hin hnh (cathn th v th gii ca thn th) khng c gin on, t giai on hu lucho n giai on v lu. T Bt ng a tr ln, thc th tm mi x citn A li da hay tng thc, (v khng c php tp nhim chp tng), v x

b c cc phin no th trng, v thc ny khng cn b thc Mt na chplm t ng ni ti.

Y c kinh lun, lc ni v ch thot ra ca A li da ni ci thn s y c thtm gn trong bi tng sau:

Thin nghip tng h lnhc nghip tng thng lnh

Nh giai ch tm

Nht x ng thi x.nh thnh, nhn sanh thinNhn tm, ng qy phcBng sanh tt ci lya ngc cc bn xut.

(Nghip thin th thn th dn dn pht lnh t di tr ln, nghip c ththn th dn dn pht lnh t trn sp xung, nghip thin c u khngngoi ci tm khi sanh khi t, n mt ch no trn thn th th nghipthin c cng tm y ri b thn th. Nng ni nh u l v ci thnh,

ni mt l sanh v ci tri, ni tim (ngc) l ti sanh lm ngi, ni bng thlm ng qy, t u gi tr xung l lm sc sanh, ni hai bn chn th aa ngc.)

Gia kinh v lun c s sai bit. Kinh th ni c 6 ci khc nhau, lun thni c 2 ng thin c. Xt cho cng th 6 ci cng khng ngoi thin c.Ch tm trong cu th 3 l ch tm sanh t, c gii trn.

Kim cang o hu, d thc khng

(Sau khi vo c Kim cang o th tn D thc cng khng cn)

n Kim cang o (= Nh lai a) th chng t hun tp ca 2 chng (:phin no chng v s tri chng) v nhng chng t, hin hnh thuc hulu vnh vin c on tr, v vy x b ci tn thc d thc. Nhn v quv lu thp km cng u x ht.


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i vin, v cu ng thi pht

Ph chiu thp phng trn st trung

(Thc v cu tng ng vi i vin cnh tr m ng thi pht sanh, c

hot dng chiu khp 10 phng cc ci nc nhiu nh vi trn)

n a v chuyn y Pht qu [64] , thc th tm thnh th v lu cc kthanh tnh, gi l thc v cu. Thc ny cng tng ng vi i vin cnhtr m ng thi pht khi diu dng chiu khp 10 phng, trn sng phpgii.

Bi tng ca kinh Nh lai cng c trang nghim:

Nh lai v cu thcTh tnh v lu giiGii thot nht thit chngVin cnh tr tng ng.

(Thc v cu ca Nh lai, l php gii v lu thanh tnh, gii thot ht michng, tng ng i vin cnh tr.)

Tng qut v 4 tr th Bnh ng tnh tr v Diu quan st tr, mi tr c 3phm (chuyn y): h phm l Kin o v, trung phm l Tu o v v

thng phm l Cu cnh v, cn i vin cnh tr v Thnh s tc tr, mitr ch c thng phm l Cu cnh v, v 2 tr ny t trong qu m chuync.

---o0o---

PH LC

Dch m:

(Nm thc trc:)

Tnh cnh, hin lng, thng tam tnhNhn, nh, thn tam, nh a cBin hnh, bit cnh, thin thp nhtTrung nh, i bt, tham sn si.


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Tnh duy v ph, ng bin hnhGii a ty tha nghip lc sanh

Nh tha bt liu nhn m chpDo th nng hng lun ch tranh.Ho ho tam tng bt kh cngUyn thm tht lng cnh vi phongTh hun, tr chng, cn thn khKh hu, lai tin, tc ch ng.Bt ng a tin, ti x tngKim cang o hu, d thc khngi vin, v cu ng thi phtPh chiu thp phng trn st trung.

Dch ngha:

(Nm thc trc:)

Tnh cnh, hin lng, gm ba tnhNh a c ba nhn, nh, thnBin hnh, bit cnh, mi mt thinHai trung, tm i, tham sn si.

Nm thc cng nng tnh sc cnChn, by, tm duyn quan h tt

Ba hp, hai ly, nhn th gianhPhm ngu kh bit thc cng cn.Tr hu c bin tng, qun khngTrong qu cn chng c ni chnVin minh va pht thnh v luBa loi phn thn dt trm lun.

(Thc th su:)

Ba tnh, ba lng, gm ba cnhBa ci lun hi d bit hayTng ng tm s nm mi mtThin c lc no ring phi hp.Tnh, gii, th: ba thng chuyn iCn, ty, tn thy ni tip nhauThn ng, ming ni hn ht c


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Dn mn nghip lc li chu qu.Hoan h a s tm pht khiCu sanh ng php vn dy daSau Vin hnh a thun v luQun tr trn sng chiu i thin.

(Thc th by:)

i cht, hu ph, gm tnh bnTheo duyn chp ng, lun phi lngTm i, bin hnh, tm s tuTham, si, ng kin, mn theo hoi.Thng xt suy lng vin ng tng

Ngy m hu tnh chu m m

Bn hoc, tm i tng ng khi thc gi rng nhim tnh yS tm Cc h t bnh ngV cng dng hnh, ng ph ri

Nh lai hin thn tha th dngCh dy b tt Thp a cn.

(Thc th tm:)

Tnh l v ph, nm bin hnh

Gii a ty theo nghip lc sanhNh tha chng hiu nn m chpDo c ra vic lun tranh.Mnh mang ba tng khng cng ttBin su by sng do gi cnhTh hun, tr chng, cn thn khn trc, i sau lm ch ng.n Bt ng a b tn tngVo Kim cang o khng d thci vin, v cu cng lc khiKhp chiu mi phng hng sa ci.


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SCH THAM KHO

H.T Thch Tr Quang dch gii, Nhip Lun, 1994.H.T Thch Tr Quang dch gii, Kinh Gii Thm Mt, 1994.H.T Thch Thin Hoa bin son, Lun i Tha Trm Php v Bt ThcQui C Tng, Pht Hc Ph Thng, Kha IX, Thnh Hi Pht Gio TP. HCh Minh n hnh, 1992.H.T Thch Thin Siu dch v ch, Lun Thnh Duy Thc, Nh xut bnVn ha Si goon, 2006.H.T Thch Qung Lin, Duy Thc Hc, Trung Tm Nghin Cu Vn HaTrit Hc ng Phng Qung c, 1972.H.T Thch Thng Hoan, Kho Nghim Duy Thc Hc Tm L Hc Thc

Nghim, Ti bn ln th 2, ng Sng Printing, 1998.T Kheo Ni Nh Thanh, Duy Thc Hc, Tp 1 v Tp 2, Thnh Hi Pht

Gio TP. H Ch Minh n hnh, 1991.H.T Thch Minh Cnh ch bin, T in Pht Hc Hu Quang, Co bn,1999.

CH THCH

1 m Huyn (?-?): danh tng Trung quc, ngi H Nam. S xut gialc tui nh, chuyn tm hc tp, bin ti v ngi. S tng i du hc Nht

bn 2 ln, tu tp Thai mt v ng mt u c hc v Truyn php qunnh. Nm 1935, s mang v nc nhng kinh sch v Mt gio do s su

tp, khong 300 loi, hn 2500 quyn, gm cc bn chp tay, bn in chp,bn hon chnh, bn dch vn Phn, vn Ty tng, v c nhng bn gm c 4th ting Ty tng, Phn, Anh, Hn, cng nhiu sch v khc. Nhng schny c trin lm ti Pht hc th cc Thng Hi v c ct gi canthan th vin Pht hc vin V Xng. Su thc y phong tro nghincu Pht hc Trung quc pht trin mnh m. S tng ging dy Snghin cu Pht hc vin V Xng, Pht hc vin th gii.

2 Thi H (1889-1947): Cao tng Trung quc, ngi huyn Sng c, tnh

Chit Giang, h Trng, tn Kim Sm, php danh Duy Tm, hiu l HoaT, Bi Hoa, Tuyt Sn Lo Tng, Tn Vn Lo Nhn. S l ngi xng phong tro i mi Pht gio t thi Dn Quc v sau. S xut gianm 16 tui, th gii C tc nm 18 tui vi ha thng K Thin chaThin ng Ninh Ba. Nm 19 tui, nhn c kinh Bt nh m c s ng.

Nm 1912, s n Qung Chu tuyn dng gio php, tr tr cha SongKh, ni Bch Vn. S l ngi sng lp Trung quc Pht gio Hip tin


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hi ti Nam Kinh, sau st nhp vo Trung quc Pht gio Tng hi. S chtrng 3 cuc cch mng ln v gio l, gio ch v gio sn, c sy phongtro chn hng Pht gio, kin lp ch Tn tng on. Nm 1914, nhptht ni Ph , mt m n, nghe ting i hng chung m c tm nimdt bt, tri qua ng cnh ln th 2. Nm 28 tui, s li tri qua ng cnhln th 3. Nm 29 tui, sau khi ra tht, s tham gia i Loan php hi, dulch Nht bn, sng lp Gic x ti Thng Hi, lm ch bin Gic x tngth, nm sau i thnh Hi Triu m nguyt san. D l ngi c quan imcch tn Pht gio, nhng s lun phn i quan im kho chng lch sca cc hc gi Nht bn cho rng lun i tha khi tn, kinh Lng nghiml ngy th. Nm 1924, s tham d i hi Nht bn ng Pht gio,ng thi kho st Pht gio Nht bn. Ngi Nht tn s l minh ch giiPht gio Dn quc. Nm 1927, s tr tr cha Nam Ph H mn,kim Vin trng vin Pht hc Mn Nam. Nm 1928, s sng lp Hi Pht

hc Trung quc ti Nam Kinh, ng thi hong ha cc nc: Anh, Php,c, H Lan, B, M, l v tng Trung quc u tin truyn b Pht gio nu M. Nm 44 tui, s tr tr cha Tuyt u Phng Ha. Nm 49 tui,s son Ng ch Pht gio cch mng tht bi s, trnh by nguyn nhn

phi i mi Pht gio. Nm 1947, s th tch ti Trc Ch Hin, cha NgcPht, Thng Hi, th 59 tui. Mt i s khi xng v tn lc i miPht gio, theo ch ngha tam Pht: Pht tng, Pht ha, Pht quc. S coitrng gio dc Tng ti, thit lp nhiu vin Pht hc, sng tc nhiu tc

phm Pht gio c gi tr, m sau ny c t l ngi n Thun gomchp thnh b Thi H ton th, 64 tp.

3 Tm php nng s: sc, hng, v, xc (t vi) v a, thy, ha, phong (ti).

4 S duyn duy thc: l ni i tng nhn thc l nhn sanh khi ca tmv tm s, v b cc th tm ny chp ly. i tng y l nhng nh tngtrong tm thc v cnh i din bn ngoi.

5 Nh bin: nhn duyn bin v phn bit bin. Nhn duyn bin l tm

vng v tm s bin hin tng phn m chng nh lc phn bit ca nngduyn, do t c nhn duyn pht sanh chng t, t c tht th, tht dng catm sc, tc l trong 3 loi cnh, n thuc v tnh cnh. Phn bit bin lnh lc phn bit ca nng duyn m tr li khi tng phn. Phn bit

bin c 2 loi: mt l, ty theo lc phn bit ca nng duyn, chng mangbn cht ca tnh cnh, cng khng kh nng sanh chng t, tc l trong3 loi cnh n thuc v tng phn ca c nh cnh, nh khi duyn vi


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tng phn ca lng ra, sng th; hai l, mang bn cht ca tnh cnh, lic kh nng sanh chng t, cng nh lc phn bit ca nng duyn, nn gil t tng ca tnh cnh, chng mn tht dng ca sc tm nn n l icht cnh, nh thc th by duyn vi kin phn ca thc th tm, nh thcth tm duyn vi tng phn ca cc tm vng, tm s trong mi lc.

6 Tm t: cu dch l gic qun, tn dch l tm t, l 2 tm s trong 4 mnbt nh tm s. Tm c ngha l nh mnh vo, c c tnh l hng tm, t

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