Barley: Bursting with flavor? (for beer)??

Variety: Genetics, Management, Climate, Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Malting: Time, Temperature, Moisture

Brewing: Hops, Water, Yeast, Adjuncts, Time, Temperature

Consumer: Awareness, Willingness

Micro-flora, Micro-fauna, Storage, Transport

A Gordian knot?

1. The MN caper2. The Flavor 6-pack 3. The World Core4. The Full Pint Occurrence 5. The 3 x 36. The 3 x7. Next steps8. The bigger picture9. Implications10. Malt data

Presentation outline The MN caperThe Flavor 6-pack The World CoreThe Full Pint Occurrence The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The MN caper

1. Reinvigorate US barley breeding and genetics – focus on malting and brewing

2. The genomics vs. phenomics discontinuity3. 1001 nano-malts and nano-brews4. AMBA white paper

The MN caperThe Flavor 6-pack The World CoreThe Full Pint Occurrence The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

*Vendor: Happy Gnome *Amt of Purchase: $315.69

* Signature approval________________ * Supervisor approval________________

*Justification: Purchase of (what) by (who) on (date) for (who purchased for if other than above), how to be used, when to be used (e.g. conference date), where to be used, why this account. Use account key words. Professor Patrick Hayes was visiting from Oregon State University and the group of barley researchers from UM (Gary Muehlbauer, Kevin Smith, and Peter Morrell and me)) took him to dinner to discuss our joint research project on flavor components in malt and the USA hosting International Barley Genetics Symposium in 2016. Full gift account string: 1701-11031-20293-UMF0007949--0995029.

The flavor 6-pack

Bells, Firestone-Walker, New Glarus, Russian River, Sierra Nevada, Summit

http://barleyworld.org/breeding-genetics/tcap/beer-flavor

The Flavor 6-pack The World CoreThe Full Pint Occurrence The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The World Core

2062 grown709 harvested114 malted (Rahr)Wort sensory and analysis in progress (Sierra Nevada)

The World CoreThe Full Pint Occurrence The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The Full Pint Occurrence

• BCD47 and AMBA• The BISON• Check for the TCAP World Core• Tom Nielsen, Sierra Nevada“Full Pint is very fermentable and had a very nice

extract… Full Pint wort also tasted very good, pre and post boiled. I picked up a very pleasant and strong fresh salted popcorn note. A very positive clean sweetness as well, with no harshness or astringency… The fermented Full Pint beer was clean, slightly estery, a bit tart and bready.”

The Full Pint Occurrence The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The Full Pint Occurrence

Scott Sayer and Colorado Malting Company

Tim Matthews, Oskar Blues“Salty caramel popcorn and sweet agape nectar”

Scott Sayer and Briess

The Full Pint Occurrence

The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The Full Pint Occurrence

Dave Kuske and Briess“Batch 2 is in the lab right now – preliminary results look 

awesome! We got the color up to 2.0 L and the Beta Glucan down from 200+ first batch to about 110 on this batch – the flavor and aroma have much more malty character and the sweetness and extra mouth‐feel on the wort carried through.

Seth Klann and Mecca Grade

OSU variety release

The Full Pint Occurrence The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The 3 x 3

Variables:3 varieties: Full Pint, Klages, Metcalfe3 locations: Corvallis, Saskatoon, St. Paul

Assessments:Nano-brew at New GlarusWort sensory and analytics at Sierra Nevada

The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The 3 x 3

Nano-brew at New Glarus

The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The 3 x 3

Wort sensory and analytics at Sierra Nevada

The 3 x 3The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

1.0 = Excellent, Superior: Malty, Sweet, Clean, No off flavor2.0=Above Average, Very Good: SL Malty, SL Sweet, Weak, SL Grainy, SL Husky3.0=Average, Good: SL Bitter, Dusty, Grainy, Papery, Chaffy4.0=Fair, Needs Improvement: SL Earthy, SL Musty, SL Green, SL Grassy

The 3x

Variables3 varieties: Copeland, Full Pint, Klages1 production environment: Herb Farm, Lebanon Oregon1 malt environment: Canadian Malting Barley Technical Center

Assessments:New Glarus: brewing and beer sensory Sierra Nevada: brewing, beer sensory, and analyticsBeer sensory this afternoon at the BIC

The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The 3x

Assessments:New Glarus: brewing and beer sensory

The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

MaltType

Foam quality

Bitterness/sweetness quality

Astringencyquality Graininess

Finishingsmoothness

Overallquality rating

Copeland 2.84 3.54 3.39 3.34 3.69 3.58Full Pint 3.21 3.35 3.25 2.91 3.66 3.63Klages 2.84 3.08 3.13 2.85 3.44 2.88

Rating scale: 0 – 1.99 (Poor),    2 – 2.99 (Below Average),    3 – 3.99 (Good),    4 – 5 (Excellent)

The 3x

Assessments:Sierra Nevada: brewing, beer sensory, and analytics

The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Attribute # votes No Difference 0

Very Slight Difference 0Slight Difference 2

Moderate Difference 4Moderate‐Large Difference 3

Large Difference 2Very Large Difference 0

Overall Difference

The 3x

Assessments:Sierra Nevada: brewing, beer sensory, and analytics

The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The 3x

Assessments:Sierra Nevada: brewing, beer sensory, and analytics

The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Variety  Descriptors

Copeland Grainy, grassy, bland, v. s. toasty, sl. fruityFruity, fresh pineapple, v.sl. rootbeer, v.sl. graham cracker, later character, less malty than other 2

Full Pint Estery, grassy, fruity, heavy mouthfeel, sl. grainySl. nutty, about Summerfest maltiness, sl.grainy/grassy

Klages Sl. clove, flavorful, heavy mouthfeel, fruity, full, sl. metallic, minty, spicy, brightInitial sl. vinegar, lower aroma, slightly grassy,  more watery/bland taste

The 3x

• There are differences• There are differential preferences• Descriptors are intriguing

Beer sensory this afternoon at the BICEl Pueblo Room 5:30 – 6:00

The 3 xNext stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Next steps

Oregon PromiseFull Pint/Golden Promise doubled haploids (DH)GenotypingNano-brew and 3 locations

Oregon OtterFull Pint/Maris Otter DHGenotyping Phenotyping pipeline

Full Stein Full Pint/Violetta DHGenotypingPhenotyping pipeline

Next stepsThe bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

The bigger picture

Variety: Genetics, Management, Climate, Biotic and Abioticstresses

Malting: Time, Temperature, Moisture

Brewing: Hops, Water, Yeast, Adjuncts, Time, Temperature

Consumer: Awareness, Willingness

Micro-flora, Micro-fauna, Storage, Transport

The bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Variety

• J. Mallet, 2014. Malt: A Practical Guide from Field to Brewhouse•~ 400 malts produced by ~ 20 maltings•4 varieties specified in 12 malts

•Maris Otter, Golden Promise, Halcyon, Pipkin

• Full Pint: Carries its weight or just another Vuitton?

• Terroir at any price?

The bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Malting

• Micro malting: Meaningful for flavor?

• Pilot malting: Where and how?

• Commercial malting: Procrustean bed vs. personalized mattress experience?

The bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Consumer

• Aware?

• Willing?

The bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Brewing

• The malt COA: Pole star, compass, or map?

• Who needs/wants what/when/where/and what for?

The bigger pictureImplicationsMalt data

Implications

• The perfect experiment: produce, malt, and brew all varieties optimally

• Pilot malting and beer flavor assessment: still the bottlenecks

• Markets, yields, and prices: does barley flavor cost or pay?

• Research investments: ranking priorities

• Flavor genetics alternatives: • Understand and breed • Understand

• Engineering flavor?

ImplicationsMalt data

Acknowledgements

The Flavor 6-pack

American Malting Barley AssociationBusch Agricultural ResourcesGreat Western MaltingOregon Wheat Commission

Malt data Malt data