Assessment of Preschooler and Schooler

8/2/2019 Assessment of Preschooler and Schooler

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MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHILDREN

AND ADULTS.

SPECIFIC APPROACHES AND TECHNIQUES

TO PHYSICAL EXAM. NORMAL FINDINGS, VARIATIONS AND

COMMON PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS.

INTERPRETATION OF EXAM RESULTS.


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` KNOWLEDGE OF GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT.

` COMMUNICATION SKILLS WITH CHILDREN

AND PARENTS.` UNDERSTANDING OF FAMILY DYNAMICS AND

PARENT CHILDREN RELATIONSHIPS.

` KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND

ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE.


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` HISTORY COLLECTION

` PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

` GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

` NUTRITIONAL STATUS


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` PRESENT ILLNESS

` PAST HISTORY

` FAMILY HISTORY

` NUTRITION` IMMUNIZATION


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WEIGHT

3 YEARS

4 YEARS

5 YEARS

12.5-16.5 Kg

13.5-19.5 Kg15.4-21.4 Kg

HEIGHT

3 YEARS 4YEARS

5YEARS

90.5-101.5 cm95-109 cm

103-115 cm


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PULSE RATE

3 YEARS

4 YEARS

5 YEARS

105 +/- 15 beats/min

100 +/- 10 beats/min

95 +/- 15 beats/min

RESPIRATORY RATE

3 YEARS

4 YEARS 5 YEARS

25 +/- 5 breaths/min

24 +/- 4 breaths/min22 +/- 3 breaths/min

BLOOD PRESSURE

3 YEARS 4 YEARS

5 YEARS

100 (+/- )24/67(+/-)25100/66 +/- 20

100/60 +/- 14/10


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GENERAL APPEARANCE

HEAD

NAILS FACE

NECK

EYES

EARS NOSE

MOUTH AND THROAT

CHEST AND THORAX

HEART ABDOMEN

GENITALS


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` GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Rides bicycle

Jumps from height

Hops on preferred foot

Skips using alternate feetWalks, runs on tip toes

Walks straight line and backward

Runs without looking at feet

Kicks the ballBalances on one foot for 3-5 seconds

Catches ball with extended arm

Tries to dance


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` FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Places small pellets in narrow necked bottles

Can copy a circle, square, cross and diamond

Able to use scissors

Able to draw pictures

Can help with simple house hold tasks


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` SELF CARE

Manages food with little spilling of food

Able to tie shoe lace

Knows back from front of clothesCan go to toilet alone

Brushes teeth with assistance

May bathe self with assistance

Combs hair with help


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` Establishes depth, perception and colour vision

` Can hear normally

` Develops sensory taste smell

` Enjoys stroking their bodies


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Sense of initiative Vs. guilt

` Knows own sex

` Egocentric in thought and behavior

` Less dependent on parents but needsreassurance and help

` May have dreams and nightmares

` Physically and verbally aggressive


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` Attempts to imitate adult behavior

` Develops imagination and creativity

` Feels guilty for their errors

` Spends much time and energy in purposelessactivity

` Able to solve problems

` Jealous of siblings


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PHALLIC STAGE

` More aware of their sex organs

` Attachment to parents of the opposite sex

` Feels aggression towards parents of the same sex` Touching and manipulation of the genitals

` Ask simple question about sex

` After temporary parental separation, either feels

happy or shows anger


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INTUITIVE VS. PROJECTIVE FAITH

` Able to understand religion

` Learns about other religion also


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` Rationalizes their actions

` Has social awareness

` Understands time

` Uses time oriented expression` Understands space

` Understands conversation of size, shape and

length.


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` Moves from one idea to another and reaches a

faulty conclusion

` Has mathematical thinking

` Understands others perspective` Describes events

` Obeys parents set limits not because of

understanding

` Highly imaginative


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` Follows rules strictly

` Accepts changes in the rules


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` Uses complete sentence with 3-4 words

` Talks regardless of whether anyone is paying

attention

` Knows simple song` Names colour

` Understands directions

` Gives full name

` Names figures and pictures

` Constantly asks questions


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` Likes painting

` Plays with telephone

` Cooperative

` Fond of dramatic play` Interested in stories


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NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENT

Energy needs 1700 Kcal

Proteins 30g

Vitamin A 500 microgram

Vitamin D 10 microgram

Vitamin E 6 microgram

Vitamin C 45microgramVitamin B1 0.9microgram

Vitamin B2 1.0microgram



Calcium 800microgram

Phosphorus 800microgram

Magnesium 200microgram

Iron 10microgram

Zinc 10microgram

Iodine 90 microgram


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` CONCERNS OF THE CHILD

` PRESENCE OF PARENTS

` PREPARATION OF CHILD

` POSITION OF CHILD` SEQUENCE OF DATA COLLECTION

` USEFUL DISTRACTIONS


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PHYSICAL OR BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

AGE WEIGHT

6-8 YEARS 17.5-25.5 Kg

8-10 YEARS 22-32 Kg

10 YEARS 25.5-39.5 Kg

12 YEARS Boys: 30-48K

gGirls: 30-50 Kg


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AGE HEIGHT

6-8 YEARS 110-124 cm

8-10 YEARS 121.5-136.5 cm

10 YEARS 131.5-147.5 cm

12 YEARS Boys: 142-158 cmGirls: 144-160 cm


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PULSE

6-8 YEARS

8-10 YEARS

10 YEARS

12 YEARS

90 +/- 15 beats/min

85 +/- 10 beats/min

90 +/- 20 beats/min

Boys: 90 +/- 20 beats/min

Girls:85 +/- 20 beats/minRESPIRATION

6-8 YEARS

8-10 YEARS

10-12 YEARS




BLOOD PRESSURE 6-8 YEARS

8-10 YEARS

10 YEARS

12 YEARS

100/60(+/-)16/10mmHg

102/60(+/-)16/10mmHg

109/58(+/-)16/10mmHg

113/59(+/-)18/10mmHg


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` 6-8 YEARS

Starts to lose temporary teeth

Acquires first permanent molars

Medical incisors, lateral incisors` 10-12 YEARS

Acquires cuspids, first and second premolars


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GROSS MOTOR

6-8 YEARS

` Rides bicycle without training wheels

` Runs, lumps, climbs, hops` Constantly in motion

` Clumsy and awkward

` Coordination improving


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8-10 YEARS

Preforms tricks on bicycles, races

Begins to participate in organized sports like

basket ball Throws a ball skillfully

10-12 YEARS

Enjoys all physical activity


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FINE MOTOR

6-8 YEARS

Knows right from left

Draws a person with 12-16 parts

Prints words; learns cursive writing

Has improved eye hand coordination 8-10 YEARS

Uses both hands independently

Draws a person with 18-20 parts

Prints fluently; cursive writing improved

10-12 YEARS

Coordination continues to improve


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SELF CARE

6-8 YEARS

At 6 years, likes to eat with fingers, stuffs food intomouth, talkative while eating.

At 7 years, improved table manners, less talkative

Self care managed

Needs to be reminded to wash hands Wears whatever is selected by the parents

Leaves clothes where they are removed

Can brush and comb hair


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8-10YEARS

Handles eating utensils skillfully

Dresses self completely

Enjoys selecting own clothes

Needs to be remained to brush teeth

10-12YEARS

Criticizes table manners of parents

May wear same clothes continuously

Leave clothes where they fall

Enjoys wearing current style clothes

Needs constant reminding of personal hygiene

Bathes frequently, prefers shower


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6-8 YEARS

Beginning of development of sense of industry vs.inferiority

Continues to be egocentric

Has a know it all attitude

Craves attention

Insists on being first in everything

Return of temper tantrums

Jealous of siblings

Fears to injury to body


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8-10 YEARS

Is ready for anything

Curious about everything

Concerned about relationship with others

Becoming peer oriented

Easy to get along with at home

Begins hero worship

Considers peer opinions more important than

parents

Enjoys helping mother in busy Relationship with siblings improved


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10-12 YEARS

Has greater self control

Respects parents and their role

Has short bursts of anger

Able to control anger

Hare worship of adults continues Still fears the dark

Knows about sexual intercourse


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LATENCY STAGE

` Becomes less egocentric

` Associate with same peers and tend to ignore the

members of the opposite sex` Girls associate with girls in their play


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MYTHICAL LITERAL FAITH

` Children at this point may drop their religious

affiliations or continue to accept the familys

preference` Children are learning many specifics about their

religion that will develop into a religious philosophy

to be used in their interpretation of the world


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6-8 YEARS

Attention span increases

Can see differences more than similarities

Can tell time Knows date, month and season

Is learning to read

Follows rules to avoid punishment

Takes small objects from others


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8-10 YEARS

Learns to understand and use abstract symbols

and carries out mental operations

Shows interest in casual relationship

Understands explanations and tries to follow

through

Ashamed of failures Interested in school work

Memory span increasing

Makes alibis for own faults


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10-12 YEARS

Develops abstract and deductive reasoning

Uses problem solving method

Interested in the why and how Begins to think about vocation

Preoccupied with right and wrong


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6-8 YEARS

Commands

Response dependent on mood

Responds to praise and recognition 8-10 YEARS

Follows suggestions better than commands

10-12 YEARS

Follows suggestions better than requests


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6-8 YEARS

Uses all forms of sentences

Develops a sense of humor

Enjoys telling jokes

8-10 YEARS Is gregarious

Begins to use shorter and more compact

sentences

10-12 YEARSAble to give precise, dictionary definition of words

Enjoys riddles


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6-8 YEARS

Loves active play

Prefers group play

8-10 YEARS Prefers companionship in play

Hobbies begin to develop

Likes to compete

10-12 YEARS Enjoys bicycle riding, reading, talking on phone,

athletic sports, sex differences noticed in play


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ANY

CLARIFICATIONS

?


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Assessment of Preschooler and Schooler

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