Ask a Geologist: Plate Tectonics...Slide courtesy of: Roy Schlische 90 Ma: Late Cretaceous. Ask A...

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Ask a Geologist: Plate Tectonics By: Christian Rowan

Transcript of Ask a Geologist: Plate Tectonics...Slide courtesy of: Roy Schlische 90 Ma: Late Cretaceous. Ask A...

Page 1: Ask a Geologist: Plate Tectonics...Slide courtesy of: Roy Schlische 90 Ma: Late Cretaceous. Ask A Geologist Series Image: coyright Ron Blakey Slide courtesy of: Roy Schlische 65 Ma:

Ask a Geologist:Plate Tectonics

By: Christian Rowan

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About MeChristian Rowan ● I am a graduate student in the

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.

● I study structural geology.● I like to hike and camp. ● My favorite landscape features

are mountains!

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Plate Tectonics ● Earth’s surface is

broken up into large plates

● These plates move very slowly by processes deep in the Earth

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NASA

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North American Plate

NASA

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Ask A Geologist SeriesUSGS

Earth’s Structure

Crust(0-100 km)

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Ask A Geologist SeriesUSGS

Earth’s Structure

Mantle (2,900 km)

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Ask A Geologist SeriesUSGS

Earth’s Structure

Core (6,378 km)

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Lithosphere (“rocky+sphere”)● Crust + upper most solid mantle● Made up of rock (rigid, hard)

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Asthenosphere (“weak+sphere”)● Upper mantle● Solid but capable of flowing (like Jell-O!)

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The lithosphere “floats on” the asthenosphere due to differences in the properties of the solid (rigid vs. putty-like solid).

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

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Convection currents cause plates to move!

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● Convection in the asthenosphere● Carries heat from Earth’s core to the surface

Heat Source (Flame)

Convection currents in a boiling pot of water

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Ask A Geologist SeriesWiki

Plate movement driven by convection currents and slab pull

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As plates move around the globe…

What happens when plates encounter each other?

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Plate Boundaries

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Convergent (Plate move together)

Divergent(Plates move

apart)

Transform(Plates move past)

Wikimedia

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Plate interactions at boundaries creates the topography we see on Earth!

Ask A Geologist SeriesWikimedia

Let’s go exploring…

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Where do convergent plate boundaries occur?

Andes Mountains

Himalayas

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Where do divergent plate boundaries occur?

Mid Ocean Ridge

East Africa Rift Valley

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Where do transform plate boundaries occur?

San Andreas Fault

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Plates move very, very slowly

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● 2-5 centimeters per year ● Comparable to the the rate

of fingernail growth! Given enough time, plates moving very slowly can form supercontinents like Pangea!

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Global Paleogeography: Present Day to 600 Ma

All images: coyright Ron Blakey, Northern Arizona University & Colorado Plateau Geosystems, Inc.

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Present

Image: coyright Ron BlakeySlide courtesy of: Roy Schlische

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Pleistocene

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20 Ma: Neogene

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35 Ma: Oligocene

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Image: coyright Ron BlakeySlide courtesy of: Roy Schlische

50 Ma: Eocene

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Image: coyright Ron BlakeySlide courtesy of: Roy Schlische

65 Ma: K/P boundary

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90 Ma: Late Cretaceous

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105 Ma: Cretaceous

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120 Ma: Early Cretaceous

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150 Ma: Late Jurassic

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170 Ma: Jurassic

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200 Ma: Early Jurassic

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220 Ma: Late Triassic

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240 Ma: Early Triassic

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260 Ma: Late Permian

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280 Ma: Early Permian

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300 Ma: Late Carboniferous

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340 Ma: Early Carboniferous

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370 Ma: Late Devonian

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400 Ma: Early Devonian

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430 Ma: Silurian

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450 Ma: Late Ordovician

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470 Ma: Middle Ordovician

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500 Ma: Late Cambrian

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540 Ma: Early Cambrian

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560 Ma: latest Proterozoic

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600 Ma: Late Proterozoic

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Now let’s go forward in time from 600 Ma to the Present!

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600 Ma: Late Proterozoic

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560 Ma: latest Proterozoic

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540 Ma: Early Cambrian

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500 Ma: Late Cambrian

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470 Ma: Middle Ordovician

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450 Ma: Late Ordovician

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430 Ma: Silurian

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400 Ma: Early Devonian

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370 Ma: Late Devonian

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340 Ma: Early Carboniferous

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300 Ma: Late Carboniferous

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280 Ma: Early Permian

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260 Ma: Late Permian

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240 Ma: Early Triassic

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220 Ma: Late Triassic

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200 Ma: Early Jurassic

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170 Ma: Jurassic

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150 Ma: Late Jurassic

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120 Ma: Early Cretaceous

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105 Ma: Cretaceous

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90 Ma: Late Cretaceous

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65 Ma: K/P boundary

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50 Ma: Eocene

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35 Ma: Oligocene

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20 Ma: Neogene

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Pleistocene

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Present

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Why Do We Care?

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Geohazards ● Earthquakes are caused by the movement of plates!

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Why Do We Care?

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Evolution● The movement of plate helps us understand the

evolution of plants and animals!

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Why Do We Care?

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Long-term climate ● The creation, destruction, and movement of

continents/oceans has great influence on long-term climate change.

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Question Time!


Granite State Geologist

Granite State Geologist

Special English in Geologist

Special English in Geologist

European Geologist

European Geologist

The Edinburgh Geologist

The Edinburgh Geologist

European Geologist European Geologist Industrial minerals

European Geologist European Geologist Industrial minerals

Internet Archive Nahi.pdf · Courtesy . Courtesy . Courtesy

Internet Archive Nahi.pdf · Courtesy . Courtesy . Courtesy

Aamal e Qurani€¦ · Courtesy . Courtesy . Courtesy

Aamal e Qurani€¦ · Courtesy . Courtesy . Courtesy

European Geologist magazine 34

European Geologist magazine 34

Biostratigraphy - Geologist

Biostratigraphy - Geologist

Lovemore Mauled Exploration Geologist

Lovemore Mauled Exploration Geologist

J.L. TindAle, P.Sng. Geologist.

J.L. TindAle, P.Sng. Geologist.

questions & answers for engineering geologist

questions & answers for engineering geologist

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGIST, GEOMECHANICS ENGINEER

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGIST, GEOMECHANICS ENGINEER

GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING AND MITIGATING SEISMIC … · Allan Barrows, Senior Engineering Geologist, RG 3172 David J. Beeby, Principal Geologist, RG 3456 James Davis, State Geologist,

GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING AND MITIGATING SEISMIC … · Allan Barrows, Senior Engineering Geologist, RG 3172 David J. Beeby, Principal Geologist, RG 3456 James Davis, State Geologist,

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Praktek Kerja Wellsite Geologist

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Curiosity rover robotic geologist

THE GREEN MOUNTAIN GEOLOGIST

THE GREEN MOUNTAIN GEOLOGIST

Geologist Workbook Spanish

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pacific petroleulTI Geologist · 2008-06-18 · Consulting Petroleum Geologist CaliforniaRegistered Geologist#634 Development-Thermal EOR - PropertyReviews 300 Esplanade Drive, 10th

pacific petroleulTI Geologist · 2008-06-18 · Consulting Petroleum Geologist CaliforniaRegistered Geologist#634 Development-Thermal EOR - PropertyReviews 300 Esplanade Drive, 10th

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