Arthrology-biomedic1 (2011)

Osteology,Miology,Arthrology Biomedic I

ARTHROLOGYBiomedic I

Muh. Iqbal Basri

Department of Anatomy

Hasanuddin University

1

Reference

Agur, Anne M.R, Dalley, Arthur F.Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, 12th Edition.

Grays Anatomy for student

Atlas of Spatelholz

2

2

Articulations of Bones of Trunk

The vertebral column consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.

3

Joints of the vertebral bodies

Intervertebral discs

between bodies of adjacent vertebrae, composed of:

Nucleus pulposus, an inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic structure (gelatinous core )

Annulus fibrosus

an outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage

4

Hemination of nucleus pulposus

5

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Strong band covering the anterior part of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs running from the anterior margin of foramen magnum to the S1~S2

Maintains stability of the intervertebral disc and prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Attached to the posterior aspect of the intervertebral discs and posterior edges of the vertebral bodies from C2 vertebra to sacrum

Prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column and posterior protrusion of the discs

6

Joints of the vertebral arches

Ligamenta flava elastic ligament, unite laminae of adjacent vertebrae, and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal; tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral column

Interspinal ligament

Supraspinal ligament

Ligamentum nuchae

Intertansverse ligament

Zygapophysial joint

7

Atlantooccipital joint

Between superior articulating surfaces of atlas and occipital condyles

Supported by membrances and ligaments that join occipital bone and atlas

Action nodding of head, lateral tilting of head

8

Atlantoaxial joint

Three synovial joints between atlas and axis

Laterally, paired joints between articulating facets

Median joint between dens of axis and anterior arch of atlas

Supported by ligaments

apical ligament of dens

alar ligament

transverse ligament of atlas

tectorial membrane

Action allow atlas (and head) to pivot on the axis and vertebral column

9

Normal Curves of vertebral column

Cervical curvature convex forward

Thoracic curvature convex backward

Lumbar curvature

convex forward

Sacral curvature convex backward

Movement of the vertebral column

flexion

extension

lateral flexion

rotation

10

Click to edit Master text styles

Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

11

Spina bifida cystica

12

Joints of skull

Continuous joints: sutures, synchondrosis or synosteosis

13

Temporomandibular joint

Aticulating surfaces

Mandibular fossa and articular tubercle, above

Head of mandibule, below

Capsule: thin and lax in front and behind; strengthened by the lateral ligament

Articular disc: separates surfaces, forming upper and lower compartments within joint

Movement: mandible may be elevated or depressed, protruded or retracted; rotation may also occurs as in chewing( a slight amount of side to side movement is also permitted)

14

Joints of limbs

Muh.Iqbal Basri

Department of Anatomy

Hasanuddin University

15

Joints of upper limb

Joints of should girdle

Sternoclavicular joint

Bones: sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, and first costal cartilage

Articular capsule: strong and is reinforced by anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

An articular disc is attached to the capsule, dividing the joint into two cavities.

Movements: elevation and depression, forward and backward, rotation and circumduction of the acromial end of the clavicle

16

Acromioclavicular joint

Bones: acromion and acromial end of clavicle

Movement: rotation of scapula on clavicle

Coracoacromial arch

formed by coracoacromial ligament, coranoid process, and acromion, that prevents the shoulder joint

from superior dislocation

coranoid process

acromion

coracoacromial

ligament

Joints of free upper limb

Articulatio humeri

(ball and socket)

Bones: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

Capsule:

Thin and lax, especially lower part

Attachments: proximal to glenoid labrum; distal to anatomical neck of humerus, except medially where it is slightly distal to surgical neck

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii passes though the cavity

18

Accessory structures

Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilaginous ring on periphery of glenoid cavity

Coracohumeral ligament runs from coracoid process to greater tubercle

Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

19


Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

20

Articulatio cubiti

Bones: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna

Humeroulnar joint :

formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch (hinge)

Humeroradial joint:

formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius (ball and socket)

Proximal radioulnar joint: formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulna

Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments

21

Ligaments:

Radial collateral ligament: attached to lateral epicondyle and annular ligament of radius

Ulnar collateral ligament: attached to medial epicondyle to medial border of trochlear notch

Annular ligament of radius: attached to anterior and posterior margins of radial notch of ulna, surrounds the head of radius

Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination

22

Dislocation


Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

23

Joints between radius and ulna

Proximal radioulnar joint

Distal radioulnar joint: formed by head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius and an articular disc

Interosseous membrane of forearm

: a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulna

24

Joints of hand

Radiocarpal joint (ellipsoid)

Bones

Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulna

Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiform

Capsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligament

Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction

25

Intercarpal joints

Carpometacarpal joints:

Carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Bones: trapezium and base of first metacarpal

Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition

Intermetacarpal joints

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Interphalangeal joints

26

Joints of Lower limb

Joints of pelvic girdle

Sacroiliac joint

Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium

Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments

27

Vertebropelvic ligaments

Iliolumbal ligament: runs from transverse process of L5 to the posterosuperior part of iliac crest

Sacrotuberous ligament: runs from lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the inner margin of ischial tuberosity

Sacrospinous ligament: runs from ischial spine to lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx

These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramina

28

Pubic symphysis

Articulation: symphysial surface and interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)

Ligaments: superior pubic ligament and arcuate pubic ligament

Obturator membrane

obturator canal

29

Bony pelvis

Composition: formed by paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulations

In anatomical position, anterior superior iliac spines and pubic tubercles on same vertical plane, while the tip of coccyx and superior border of pubic symphysis on same horizontal plane

Terminal line: formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis

Two portions: a greater pelvis and a lesser pelvis

30

Lesser pelvis

pelvic inlet (terminal line):

Pelvic outlet : formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysis

Pelvic cavity

Pubic arch, subpubic angle

31

Main difference between male and femal pelvis

32


Female

Male

Pelvic inlet

Pelvic outet

Pelvic cavity

Pubic arch

90~1000

70~750

33

Male Female Overall Narrow and longWide and short Iliac alaMore verticalMore horizontalInlet Oval or heart shapedRound Subpubic angleAcute angle (about 70~750)Right angle (about 90~1000)Pelvic cavityDeep narrowShallower, wideOutlet Small Larger

34


Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

35


Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

36

Joints of free lower limb

Articulatio coxae

Bones: acetabulum and femoral head

Articular capsule attachments

Above: margins of acetabulum and transverse acetebular ligament

Below: in front to intertrochanteric line; behind, to the neck of femur above 1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest

37


Acetabulum labrum; transverse acetebular ligament

Ligaments

Iliofemoral lig.

Ligament of head of femur

Pubofemoral lig.

Ischiofemoral ligament

Zona orbicularis

Movement: flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

Transverse

acetebular lig.

Ligament of head

of femur

Acetabulum labrum

Iliofemoral lig.

Ischiofemoral lig.

Pubofemoral lig.

Zona orbicularis

39


Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

40

41

Articulatio Genu

Bones: lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella

Articular capsule: superapatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa ala folds

42


ligaments

Patellar lig.

Fibular collateral lig.

Tibial collateral lig.

Patellar lig.

Fibular

collateral

lig.

Tibial collateral

lig.

Oblique popliteal ligament

Anterior cruciate ligment

Posterior cruciateligament

44

Medial meniscus (C-shaped)

lateral meniscus (O-shaped)

Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated through 700

lateral

Medial

45


Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

46

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

Tibiofibular joint

Crural interosseous membrane

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

47

Joint of foot

Talocrural joint (ankle joint)

Bones: lower ends of tibia and fibula, trochlea of talus

Articular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind, and supported on each side by strong collateral ligaments

48

Ligaments

Medial lig.

Lateral lig.

Anterior talofibular lig.

Calcaneofibular lig.

Posterior talofibular lig.

Movements: dosiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion (flexion); when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed, small amounts of abduction, and adduction

are possible

49

Intertarsal joints

Talocalcaneal joint

Talocalcaneonavicular joint

Calcaneocuboid joint

Tarsometatarsal joints

Intermetatarsal joints

Metatarsophalangeal joints

Interphalangeal joints

transverse tarsal joint

50

Arches of foot (Arcus pedis)

Medial longitudinal arch: formed by calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiforms and first to third metatarsal bones, head of talus is the keystone of this arch

51

Lateral longitudinal arch:

formed by calcaneus, cuboid, fourth and fifth metatarsals; cuboid is is the keystone of this arch

52

Tranverse arch:

formed by cuboid, three cuniforms and all metatarsals; the intermediate cuneiform is the keystone of this arch

Function: give to foot strength stability and resilience; protect plantar vessels and nerves

53

Normal arch

Flatfoot

54

THANK YOU

55

55

Arthrology-biomedic1 (2011)

Documents

Transcript of Arthrology-biomedic1 (2011)