Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
-
Upload
katsiebrecht -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 1/10
O`htpqmlc dbclmymbl hli `obymbl bf hlmohjt yb pli`qtyhli yn`mq
s`jfhq`
Dhqbjml` J``* Q`a`ddh Ib}j` hli Hliq`s Fmtn`qDTMQB Jmv`tybde Mliptyqm`t* F,I, OdOhty`q Jhabqhybq}* Jbde`i Ahc 8* Hqomihj`* LTS
1407* Hptyqhjmh, Dhqbjml`,J``Gdtmqb,hp
Hatyqhdy
Yn` ohkbq elbsj`ic` chw ml htt`ttmlc hlmohj s`jfhq` mt bpq mlhamjmy} yb o`htpq` nbs
hlmohjt hdyphjj} f``j ml yn` imff`q`ly tmyphymblt ml snmdn s` fhqo yn`o, Ht hlmohjt hq`
plhaj` yb tw`he* s` opty fmli sh}t bf chmlmlc mltmcny mlyb yn`mq omlit, Bpq hlmohj s`jfhq`
q`t`hqdn hy DTMQB mldjpi`t h fbdpt bl pli`qtyhlimlc yn` dbclmymv` hamjmym`t bf hlmohjt ml
bqi`q yb chml mltmcny mlyb nbs yn`} f``j hli yb yn`q`a} `lhaj` pt yb mowqbv` yn`mq s`jfhq`,
Hlmohjt w`qfbqo a`yy`q ml y`tyt bf j`hqlmlc ynhy q`xpmq` temjjt q`jhy`i yb yn`mq fmyl`tt hli
tpqvmvhj, Fbq `~howj`* cqh{mlc hlmohjt* tpdn ht dhyyj` hli tn``w w`qfbqo s`jj ml oh{`
y`tyt* mlimdhymlc yn`} nhv` cbbi twhymhj o`obq}* snmdn hjjbst yn`o yb cqh{` smyn bwymopo
`ffmdm`ld}, Tw`dm`t ynhy shli`q hdqbtt h y`qqmybq} t`hqdnmlc fbq qhlibo fbbi tbpqd`t* tpdn
ht dnmde`lt* wmct hli ibct ib lby w`qfbqo ht s`jj ml y`tyt bf twhymhj j`hqlmlc, A}
pli`qtyhlimlc yn` dbclmymv` hamjmym`t bf imff`q`ly tw`dm`t s` dhl pt` dbclmymv` wqmldmwj`t*
aht`i bl npohl wt}dnbjbcmdhj yn`bqm`t* yb i`v`jbw tdm`lymfmd hwwqbhdn`t fbq o`htpqmlc
`obymv` tyhy` ml hlmohjt, Hl `~howj` bf ynmt mt yn` htt`tto`ly bf dbclmymv` amht, Fqbo yn`
q`twblt` bf hl hlmohj yb hl hoamcpbpt tmyphymbl s` dhl mlf`q myt `obymblhj tyhy`, Ynpt*
sn`l hl hlmohj mt dbly`ly* my mt obq` jme`j} yb htt`tt yn` hoamcpbpt td`lhqmb ht
wby`lymhjj} i`jmv`qmlc h wbtmymv` bpydbo`, Ml dblyqhty* sn`l hl hlmohj mt ml hl hiv`qt`
o`lyhj tyhy`* my mt obq` jme`j} yb htt`tt yn` tho` td`lhqmb ht i`jmv`qmlc h l`chymv`
bpydbo`* hli q`twbli hddbqimlcj},
Yn` whw`q smjj i`tdqma` yn` hwwjmdhymbl bf h qhlc` bf dbclmymv` y`tyt yb tn``w, Mf s`
pli`qtyhli nbs hlmohjt ynmle hli f``j* s` oh} a` haj` yb ib h a`yy`q kba hy bwymomtmlc
yn`mq s`jfhq`,
Yn` Dnhjj`lc` bf O`htpqmlc Hlmohj S`jfhq`
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 2/10
Tbdm`y} mt mldq`htmlcj} dbld`ql`i smyn yn` s`jfhq` bf hlmohjt pt`i fbq fbbi wqbipdymbl hli
ynmt dbld`ql yqhltf`qt mlyb yn` wqbipdy dnbmd`t dbltpo`qt ohe`, Yn` tdm`ld` bf bak`dymv`
o`htpq`o`ly bf hlmohj s`jfhq` mt q`jhymv`j} l`s, Yn`q` `~mty tbo` o`ynbit bf htt`ttmlc
hlmohj s`jfhq`* tpdn ht o`htpqmlc ajbbi vhqmhaj`t mlimdhymv` bf dnhlc`t ml wn}tmbjbc} bq
mooplbjbc}, Typim`t bf hlmohj a`nhvmbpq nhv` hjtb a``l pt`i yb mlimdhy` bavmbpt tyhy`t
tpdn ht whml bq imtdbofbqy* bq wq`f`q`ld`t fbq imff`q`ly `lvmqblo`lyt* nbs`v`q* yn`
mlfbqohymbl chml`i oh} a` q`jhymv`j} jmomy`i,
Yn` ohkbq elbsj`ic` chw ml htt`ttmlc hlmohj s`jfhq` mt bpq mlhamjmy} yb o`htpq` nbs
hlmohjt hdyphjj} f``j ml yn` imff`q`ly tmyphymblt ml snmdn s` fhqo yn`o, Ht hlmohjt hq`
plhaj` yb tw`he* s` opty fmli sh}t bf chmlmlc mltmcny mlyb yn`mq omlit, Bpq hlmohj s`jfhq`
q`t`hqdn hy DTMQB mldjpi`t h fbdpt bl pli`qtyhlimlc yn` dbclmymv` hamjmym`t bf hlmohjt ml
bqi`q yb chml mltmcny mlyb nbs yn`} f``j hli yb yn`q`a} `lhaj` pt yb mowqbv` yn`mq s`jfhq`,
Yn` dnhjj`lc` mt yb hdnm`v` ynmt mltmcny mlyb hlmohj o`lyhj tyhy`t ml h tdm`lymfmdhjj} qmcbqbpt
sh}, Ml bqi`q yb o`htpq` hlmohj s`jfhq`* s` l``i yb c`y hlmohjt yb i`obltyqhy` yb pt nbs
yn`} f``j* hli yb ib ynmt* s` l``i yb a`yy`q o`htpq` hli pli`qtyhli yn`mq dbclmymv`
hamjmym`t,
Pli`qtyhlimlc Hlmohj Dbclmymv` Hamjmym`t
Dbclmymbl mt yn` o`lyhj wqbd`tt bf elbsmlc* ynmlemlc* j`hqlmlc hli kpicmlc, J`hqlmlc
mlvbjv`t h obimfmdhymbl ml hlmohj a`nhvmbpq ynhy bddpqt ht h q`tpjy bf `~w`qm`ld`, Hlmohjt
nhv` `vbjv`i yn`mq dbclmymv` hamjmym`t yb mldq`ht` yn`mq dnhld` bf tpqvmvhj, Yb nmcnjmcny tbo`
bf yn` dbld`wyt s` smtn yb dblv`} ml ynmt whw`q* s` smjj pt` yn` tn``w ht hl `~howj`,
Tn``w yqhimymblhjj} hli plfhmqj} nhv` nhi h q`wpyhymbl ht a`mlc ‚ipoa‟, Ynmt w`qd`wymbl bf
tn``w oh} nhv` i`v`jbw`i fqbo yn` imffmdpjym`t bf nhlijmlc mlimvmiphj tn``w sn`l
dblipdymlc qbpyml` ohlhc`o`ly wqhdymd`t ip` yb yn`mq tyqblc fjbdemlc mltymldy, Tn``w nhv`
`vbjv`i ynmt mltymldy yb mldq`ht` yn`mq dnhld` bf tpqvmvhj hli n`jw wqby`dy yn`o fqbo
wq`ihybqt* ahtmdhjj}* ynqbpcn thf`y} ml lpoa`qt,
Yn` htt`tto`ly bf dbclmymv` wqbd`tt`t* tpdn ht twhymhj j`hqlmlc hli o`obq} nht a``l
dbooblj} w`qfbqo`i ml qhyt ptmlc oh{` y`tyt* tpdn ht yn` Obqqmt shy`q oh{` hli yn`
qhimhj/hqo oh{` .Nbic`t* 8==6-, Yb fpqyn`q bpq pli`qtyhlimlc bf yn` dbclmymv` hli
j`hqlmlc hamjmym`t bf tn``w* s` i`v`jbw`i h oh{` y`ty fbq tn``w, Yn` oh{` y`ty pymjmt`i
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 3/10
dbltw`dmfmdt hli yn` tyqblc fjbdemlc mltymldy bf tn``w ht obymvhymbl yb obv` ynqbpcn yn`
oh{`* yn`q`a} l`chymlc yn` l``i fbq wqmbq yqhmlmlc, Hl 8>,9 ~ >,1 o bpyibbq oh{` sht
dbltyqpdy`i smyn 8,1 o nmcn bwhxp` `~y`qlhj shjjt hli h lpoa`q bf mly`qlhj ahqqm`qt
.Fmcpq` 8-, Yn` mll`q shjjt s`q` ohi` bf bw`l/ahqq`i wbqyhaj` f`ld` whl`jt yb `lhaj`
hlmohjt yb vm`s dbltw`dmfmdt hy yn` bwwbtmy` `li bf yn` oh{`* ynpt wqbvmimlc obymvhymbl yb
yqhv`qt` yn` oh{` hli kbml yn`mq fjbde ohy`t, Yn` fmqty ymo` hl hlmohj lhvmchy`t yn` oh{`
mlimdhy`t dbclmymv` hamjmy}* sn`q`ht yn` mowqbv`o`ly ml dbowj`ymbl ymo` bv`q tpdd`ttmv`
y`tymlc mlimdhy`t j`hqlmlc,
S` vhjmihy`i ynhy yn` oh{` sht o`htpqmlc twhymhj o`obq} ml tn``w a} hiomlmty`qmlc
tdbwbjhoml`* h optdhqmlmd q`d`wybq hlyhcblmty ynhy nht a``l tnbsl yb mowhmq o`obq}
fpldymbl .F`qq`mqh `y hj,* 1774-, Tn``w q`d`mvmlc tdbwbjhoml` s`q` plhaj` yb mowqbv` yn`mq
ymo` yb lhvmchy` yn` oh{` bv`q 4 dblt`dpymv` ih}t bf y`tymlc* sn`q`ht dblyqbj hlmohjt
tmclmfmdhlyj} mowqbv`i bv`q yn` 4 ih}t .J`` `y hj,* 1776-,
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 4/10
Fmcpq` 8, Oh{` jh}bpy
S` typim`i yn` j`hqlmlc wqbfmj` bf O`qmlb tn``w .Fmcpq` 1- hli fbpli ynhy tn``w
tmclmfmdhlyj} q`ipd`i yn` ybyhj ymo`t yhe`l yb dbowj`y` yn` oh{` bv`q 4 dblt`dpymv` ih}t,
Sn`l tn``w s`q` y`ty`i 6 s``et jhy`q .Ih}t 91* 94 hli 99-* yn`} mowqbv`i fpqyn`q hli
s`q` fhty`q ynhl bl Ih} 4, Smyn `~w`qm`ld`* yn` tn``w dboomyy`i f`s`q `qqbqt .yn` ymo`
tw`ly ml ajmli dbowhqyo`lyt bf yn` oh{`-* mowqbvmlc fqbo Ih} 8 yb Ih} 4, Yn`q` sht lb
fpqyn`q mowqbv`o`ly ml `qqbq ymo`t sn`l tn``w s`q` y`ty`i 6 s``et jhy`q* smyn lb
imff`q`ld`t tnbsl a`ys``l yn`t` ih}t bq Ih} 4, Ml h t`whqhy` typi}* sn`l tn``w s`q`
y`ty`i bl` }`hq jhy`q* yn`} s`q` tmclmfmdhlyj} fhty`q yb dbowj`y` yn` oh{`* mlimdhymlc ynhy
yn`} imi lby blj} q`yhml yn` o`obq} bf yn` oh{` apy nhi mowqbv`i ml yn`mq w`qfbqohld`,
7
17
97
67
>7
877
817
Y b y h j y m o ` . t ` d -
d*ii
i
d
a
7
87
17
47
97
07
67
37
8 1 4 91 94 99
Ih}
@ q q b q t d b q ` . t ` d -
hYbyhj ymo`
@qqbq Tdbq`
dd
d
d
a
h
7
17
97
67
>7
877
817
Y b y h j y m o ` . t ` d -
d*ii
i
d
a
7
87
17
47
97
07
67
37
8 1 4 91 94 99
Ih}
@ q q b q t d b q ` . t ` d -
hYbyhj ymo`
@qqbq Tdbq`
dd
d
d
a
h
h*a*d*i Imff`q`ly tpw`qtdqmwyt a`ys``l ih} hq` tmclmfmdhlyj} imff`q`ly .W:7,70-
Fmcpq` 1, Yn` o`hl ybyhj ymo` yb dbowj`y` yn` oh{` hli `qqbq ymo` .¸T@O- fbq tn``w y`ty`i
bl ih} 8* 1* 4* 91* 94 hli 99,
Yn`t` q`tpjyt tnbs ynhy tn``w nhv` yn` hamjmy} yb j`hql hli mowqbv` yn`mq twhymhj o`obq}
bf h q`jhymv`j} dbowj`~ oh{`* hli q`yhml ynmt mlfbqohymbl fbq hy j`hty h 8 }`hq w`qmbi, Tn``w
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 5/10
nhv` `~d`jj`ly twhymhj o`obq} hamjmy} hli ynmt dhl a` `~wjhml`i a} yn` Ihqsmlmhl yn`bq}
ynhy dbclmymv` hamjmy} mt q`jhy`i yb tpqvmvhj l``it, Tn``w oh} nhv` `vbjv`i ynmt twhymhj
o`obq} hamjmy} yb `lhaj` yn`o yb cqh{` `ffmdm`lyj} bv`q smi` hq`ht hli q`o`oa`q sn`q`
yn`} nhi a``l wq`vmbptj} yb oh~mom{` yn`mq f``i mlyhe`* h l`d`tthq} temjj fbq yn`mq fmyl`tt
hli tpqvmvhj,
O`htpqmlc @obymblhj Tyhy`t ptmlc Hlmohj Dbclmymbl
A} pli`qtyhlimlc yn` dbclmymv` hamjmym`t bf hlmohjt s` dhl c`y yn`o yb i`obltyqhy` yb pt
nbs yn`} f``j hli yn`q`a} chml mltmcny mlyb yn`mq `obymblhj tyhy`, S` dhl pt` dbclmymv`
wqmldmwj`t* aht`i bl npohl wt}dnbjbcmdhj yn`bqm`t* yb i`v`jbw tdm`lymfmd hwwqbhdn`t fbq
o`htpqmlc `obymv` tyhy` ml hlmohjt, Bl` tpdn hwwqbhdn* dbclmymv` amht* mt yn` hjy`qhymbl ml
yn` mly`qwq`yhymbl bf mlfbqohymbl ip` yb hl mlimvmiphj”t o`lyhj tyhy`, Sn`l mlfjp`ld`i a} h
dbclmymv` amht* l`pyqhj tymopjm smjj a` dhy`cbqmt`i hddbqimlc yb hl mlimvmiphj”t o`lyhj tyhy`
vhj`ld`, H wbtmymv` httbdmhymbl mt obq` jme`j} yb a` c`l`qhy`i mf h wbtmymv`j} vhjhld`i
o`lyhj tyhy` mt wq`t`ly tpdn ht nhwwml`tt, Tmomjhqj} h l`chymv` httbdmhymbl mt obq` jme`j}
yb a` c`l`qhy`i fqbo h l`chymv` bq ‚i`wq`tt`i‟ hff`dymv` tyhy`, Dpqq`ly o`htpq`t bf
s`jfhq` jme` wn}tmbjbc} hli a`nhvmbpq hq` i`w`li`ly bl yn` hlmohj”t q`twblt` yb h
tmyphymbl, O`htpqmlc yn` dbclmymv` amht bf hl hlmohj dhl n`jw yb wq`imdy nbs yn`} smjj
q`twbli yb h tmyphymbl bq nbs h tmyphymbl nht hjy`q`i yn`mq o`lyhj tyhy`
Ml npohlt* dbclmymv` amht mt o`htpq`i a} wqbvmimlc yn` tpak`dy smyn hl hoamcpbpt
tymopjpt hli nhvmlc yn`o q`twbli v`qahjj} ptmlc i`tdqmwymv` sbqit bq qhlemlc `obymblt
wqbvmi`i yb yn`o .Dbn`l `y hj, 17745 Whpj `y hj, 1770-, Ynmt mt mowbttmaj` yb ib ml hlmohjt
hli tb mllbvhymv` o`ynbit yb i`ipd` yn` tho` mlfbqohymbl l``i yb a` i`v`jbw`i,
@~w`qmo`lyt ml qhyt .Nhqimlc `y hj, 1779- hli ml @pqbw`hl tyhqjmlct .Ahy`tbl hli
Ohyn`tbl 17735 Ohyn`tbl `y hj, 177>- nhv` tpdd`ttfpjj} o`htpq`i dbclmymv` amht, Ml hjj bf
yn`t` `~w`qmo`lyt* dbclmymv` amht`t s`q` y`ty`i a} yqhmlmlc yn` hlmohjt yb w`qfbqo
imff`q`ly bw`qhly yhtet hli yn`l o`htpqmlc yn` a`nhvmbpqhj q`twblt`t yb hoamcpbpt dp`t,
Yn`t` `~w`qmo`lyt c`l`qhy`i imff`q`ly o`lyhj tyhy`t a} `myn`q `lqmdnmlc yn` hlmohj”t
`lvmqblo`ly .Ohyn`tbl `y hj, 177>- bq ohemlc my plwq`imdyhaj` .Nhqimlc `y hj, 17795
Ahy`tbl hli Ohyn`tbl 1773- snmdn c`l`qhy`i wbtmymv`j} vhjhld`i hli l`chymv`j}
vhjhld`i q`twblt`t q`tw`dymv`j},
I`v`jbwmlc h O`ynbi bf O`htpqmlc @obymblhj Tyhy` ml Tn``w
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 6/10
Apmjimlc bl yn` dbld`wy bf o`htpqmlc dbclmymv` amht ml qhyt hli tyhqjmlct* bpq cqbpw ybbe bl
yn` dnhjj`lc` bf o`htpqmlc dbclmymv` amht fbq yn` fmqty ymo` ml h jmv`tybde tw`dm`t — tn``w,
Yn` hmo bf yn` typi} sht yb i`v`jbw h o`ynbi yb o`htpq` dbclmymv` amht hli mi`lymf} h
imff`q`ld` ml dbclmymv` amht a`ys``l dblyqbj hli tyq`tt`i tn``w, I`v`jbwmlc h o`ynbi fbq
tn``w wqbv`i yb a` obq` dnhjj`lcmlc ynhl s` hy fmqty `lvmthc`i, Mlmymhjj}* s` wjhll`i yb
pt` h tmomjhq o`ynbi yb ynhy pt`i ml qhyt ptmlc hpimb dp` imtdqmomlhymbl .Nhqimlc `y hj,*
1779-, Ynmt mlvbjv`i tn``w j`hqlmlc hl httbdmhymbl a`ys``l h nmcn fq`xp`ld} hpimb dp`
hli wq`ttmlc h whl`j yb q`d`mv` h fbbi q`shqi* hli h jbs fq`xp`ld} hpimb dp` hli
wq`ttmlc h whl`j yb wq`v`ly yn` hiomlmtyqhymbl bf hl hv`qtmv` snmy` lbmt`, Nbs`v`q* s`
xpmdej} fbpli ynhy qhyt hq` v`q} imff`q`ly yb tn``w ml yn`mq hamjmy} yb imtymlcpmtn hpimb dp`t
hli httbdmhy` yn`o smyn `v`lyt* tb s` nhi yb ynmle bf h tn``w/tw`dmfmd o`ynbi ynhy apmjit
bl yn`mq tw`dmfmd dbclmymv` hamjmym`t,
Ht imtdptt`i ml h wq`vmbpt t`dymbl* s` nhv` tnbsl ynhy tn``w nhv` s`jj i`v`jbw`i
twhymhj o`obqm`t* tb bpq o`ynbi pt`i yn` twhymhj wbtmymblmlc bf h apde`y yb mlimdhy`
wbtmymv` hli l`chymv` `v`lyt, Yb fhdmjmyhy` j`hqlmlc yn` httbdmhymbl a`ys``l vmtphj dp`t
hli h wbtmymv` hli l`chymv` `v`ly* s` pt`i yn` `vbjpymblhq} q`j`vhly `v`lyt bf h f``i
q`shqi ht yn` wbtmymv` `v`ly* hli yn`mq f`hq bf wq`ihybqt ht yn` l`chymv` `v`ly, Yn`
hoamcpbpt dp` sht h apde`y wjhd`i hy wbtmymblt a`ys``l yn` jbdhymblt i`jmv`qmlc yn`
wbtmymv` hli l`chymv` `v`lyt, Ml bqi`q yb y`ty fbq dbclmymv` amht* s` hmo`i yb mlipd` hlhjy`q`i o`lyhj tyhy` ml yn` tn``w a} ptmlc h wq`vmbptj} vhjmihy`i tyq`ttbq obi`j .Omlybl
hli Aj`dnh* 8==7-, Tmld` h tmclmfmdhly hobply bf yn` o`htpq`o`ly bf s`jfhq` ml fhqo
hlmohjt fbdpt`t bl mttp`t httbdmhy`i smyn l`chymv` s`jfhq` ynmt mt hl mowbqyhly wjhd` yb
tyhqy smyn yn` q`t`hqdn, Omlybl hli Aj`dnh .8==7- c`l`qhy`i wn}tmbjbcmdhj dnhlc`t
httbdmhy`i smyn hdpy` hli dnqblmd tyq`tt ml jhoat a} tpak`dymlc yn`o yb h q`tyqhmly hli
mtbjhymbl tyq`ttbq .QMT-,
Bpq n}wbyn`tmt sht ynhy yn` tyq`tt`i tn``w sbpji nhv` h obq` l`chymv`j} vhjhld`io`lyhj tyhy` hli yn`q`fbq` yn`mq dbclmymv` amht sbpji q`fj`dy h obq` l`chymv` mly`qwq`yhymbl
bf yn` hoamcpbpt tmyphymbl wq`t`ly`i yb yn`o ynhl pltyq`tt`i tn``w,
@~w`qmo`ly; Dbclmymv` Amht ml Tn``w
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 7/10
H 1 ~ 4 ~ 8,0o sbbi`l ab~ sht dbltyqpdy`i ml bqi`q yb y`ty fbq dbclmymv` amht ml tn``w
Fmcpq` 4-, Ys`ly} `s`t s`q` yqhml`i yb httbdmhy` yn` wjhd`o`ly bf h f``i apde`y ml bl`
dbql`q bf h w`l smyn h wbtmymv` q`shqi bl hwwqbhdn5 nbs`v`q* sn`l yn` apde`y sht ml yn`
hjy`qlhymv` dbql`q* h l`chymv` q`mlfbqd`q .tmcny bf h ibc- sht wq`t`ly`i, Bld` hlmohjt
q`hdn`i yn` j`hqlmlc dqmy`qmbl* yn`} s`q` httmcl`i yb yq`hyo`ly bq dblyqbj cqbpwt,
Yq`hyo`ly mlvbjv`i h q`tyqhmly hli mtbjhymbl tyq`ttbq fbq 6 n w`q ih} bl ynq`` dblt`dpymv`
ih}t,
Wpyhymv` tyq`tt/mlipd`i dbclmymv` amht sht y`ty`i a} wqbvmimlc hoamcpbpt ‚wqba`‟ apde`yt
ml ynq`` wbtmymblt a`ys``l yn` wbtmymv` hli l`chymv` apde`yt, Yn` hwwqbhdn a`nhvmbpq bf
tn``w yb yn` fmv` apde`y wbtmymblt sht q`dbqi`i, Hlmohjt s`q` y`ty`i 0 ymo`t; a`fbq` QMT*
bl 4 yn` dblt`dpymv` ih}t bf yq`hyo`ly hli yn` ih} hfy`q yq`hyo`ly, Yb hvbmi imq`dymblhj
amht* nhjf yn` tn``w q`d`mv`i yn` wbtmymv` wqba` bl yn` j`fy tmi` hli yn` l`chymv` wqba` bl
yn` qmcny tmi` `hdn ih}* hli ynmt sht q`v`qt`i fbq yn` byn`q nhjf bf `hdn cqbpw, Dbclmymv`
amht q`twblt`t* wjhtoh dbqymtbj* nh`ohybjbc} hli a`nhvmbpqhj q`twblt`t ml hl hq`lh
s`q` o`htpq`i, Yn` hq`lh y`ty mt h o`htpq` bf `~wjbqhybq} a`nhvmbpq hli mlvbjv`i
wjhdmlc hl mlimvmiphj tn``w ml h lbv`j 4 ~ > o }hqi .imvmi`i mlyb > {bl`t- hli o`htpqmlc
yn` lpoa`q bf vbdhjmthymblt hli {bl`t dqbtt`i ml 4 omlpy`t,
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 8/10
∆
Fmcpq` 4, Dbclmymbl ab~ tnbsmlc apde`y wbtmymblt; W ? wbtmymv` .cq``l-* wqba` apde`yt
.}`jjbs-* L ? l`chymv` .q`i-, Yn` hwwqbhdn {bl` fbq yn` wbtmymv` apde`y mt hl `~howj` hli hlhwwqbhdn hqd smyn yn` tho` qhimpt sht ohqe`i fbq `hdn apde`y wbtmymbl,
Yn` q`tpjyt tnbs ynhy yn`q` sht h nmcnj} tmclmfmdhly imff`q`ld` ml yn` ymo` yb hwwqbhdn `hdn
bf yn` fmv` imff`q`ly apde`y wbtmymblt, Ynmt mlimdhy`t ynhy yn` tn``w nhi j`hqly yn` imff`q`ld`
a`ys``l yn` wbtmymv` hli l`chymv` apde`yt hli ynhy yn` hlmohjt s`q` htt`ttmlc yn` ynq``
wqba` apde`y wbtmymblt hli q`twblimlc hddbqimlc yb yn`mq kpico`ly bf yn` tmyphymbl, Ynmt
cqhiphy`i q`twblt` wqbvmi`t tyqblc `vmi`ld` ynhy ynmt o`ynbi nht yn` wby`lymhj yb
o`htpq` dbclmymv` amht ml tn``w, Dbqymtbj dbld`lyqhymblt s`q` `j`vhy`i ml QMT tn``w
dbowhq`i smyn Dblyqbjt .W:7,70-, Tmclmfmdhly yq`hyo`ly imff`q`ld`t s`q` t``l ml yn`
dbld`lyqhymblt bf snmy` ajbbi d`jjt* l`pyqbwnmjt* j}ownbd}y`t hli `btmlbwnmjt, Yn`q` sht h
y`li`ld} fbq QMT tn``w yb vbdhjm{` j`tt .1,8- ynhl dblyqbj tn``w .4,0- ml yn` hq`lh y`ty
.W?7,7>-, I`twmy` yn`t` `ff`dyt* yn`q` sht lb `ff`dy bf yq`hyo`ly bl yn` fq`xp`ld} smyn
snmdn tn``w hwwqbhdn`i apde`yt ml hl} wbtmymbl,
∆
§∆ Vmi`b
dho`qh
@~my§ibbq
W Ibc§
Tdq``l§
Wqba`t L
Hwwqbhdn§{bl`§
fbq§wbtmymv`§
apde`y
Tn``w§`ly`qt
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 9/10
Snmj` yn` tyq`ttbq obi`j tpdd`ttfpjj} mlipd`i h wn}tmbjbcmdhj tyq`tt q`twblt` ml yn`
tn``w* my imi lby hww`hq yb j`hi yb yn` tn``w i`obltyqhymlc h dbclmymv` amht ht o`htpq`i
a} bpq o`ynbi, H wbttmaj` `~wjhlhymbl dbpji a` ynhy ht tn``w nhv` `vbjv`i ht h wq`}
tw`dm`t* yn`} hq` q`tmtyhly yb `~nmamymlc a`nhvmbpqhj q`twblt`t yb dnqblmd tyq`ttbqt* ht
bpyshqi imtwjh}t bf s`hel`tt oh} mldq`ht` yn`mq dnhld`t bf a`mlc yhqc`y`i a} h wq`ihybq,
Yn`q`fbq` my dbpji a` wbttmaj` ynhy tmld` tn``w nmi` wn}tmdhj whml hli mjjl`tt yn`} hjtb
nmi` q`twblt`t yb wt}dnbjbcmdhjj} tyq`ttbqt hli ib lby ohlmf`ty yn`mq dbclmymv` amht`t
ynqbpcn a`nhvmbpqt,
Dbldjptmblt
S` hq` blj} kpty a`cmllmlc yb i`v`jbw yn` tdm`lymfmd ahtmt bf htt`ttmlc hlmohj o`lyhj
tyhy`t, Mf s` pli`qtyhli nbs hlmohjt ynmle hli f``j* s` dhl ib h a`yy`q kba hy bwymomtmlc
yn`mq s`jfhq` hli mowqbvmlc hlmohj ohlhc`o`ly, Ynmt smjj `lhaj` pt yb fhqo hlmohjt ml hl
`ynmdhj sh} ynhy o``yt wpajmd hli dbltpo`q `~w`dyhymblt, Fpqyn`q q`t`hqdn mlyb
pli`qtyhlimlc yn` dbclmymv` hamjmym`t bf hlmohjt smjj `lhaj` yn` smi`q wpajmd yb chml h
cq`hy`q hwwq`dmhymbl hli q`tw`dy fbq yn` t`lym`ly dhwhdmym`t bf bpq fhomjmhq fhqo hlmohjt,
Q`f`q`ld`t
Ahy`tbl* O, & Ohyn`tbl* T, O, 1773, #W`qfbqohld` bl h dhy`cbqmthymbl yhte tpcc`tyt ynhy
q`obvhj bf `lvmqblo`lyhj `lqmdno`ly mlipd`t #w`ttmomto# ml dhwymv` `pqbw`hl
tyhqjmlct .typqlpt vpjchqmt-#, Hlmohj S`jfhq`* 86 * 44/46,
Dbn`l* T,* Ib}j`* S, K,* Ypql`q* Q, A,* Hjw`q* D, O, & Tebl`q* I, W, 1774, #@obymblhj ty}j`
hli tptd`wymamjmy} yb yn` dboobl dbji#, Wt}dnbtbohymd O`imdml`* 60 * 601/603,
F`qq`mqh* C,* Wbmliqbl* W, & J`v}* F, .1774-, #Mlvbjv`o`ly bf d`lyqhj optdhqmlmd q`d`wybqt
ml tbdmhj hli lbltbdmhj j`hqlmlc ml tn``w#, Wnhqo, Ambdn`o, A`nhv, 39 ; =6=/=30,
Nhqimlc* @, K,* Whpj* @, T, & O`lij* O, 1779, #Dbclmymv` amht hli hff`dymv` tyhy`#, Lhypq` *
913* 481,
Nbic`t* N, .8==6-, #Oh{` wqbd`ipq`t; yn` qhimhj/hqo hli shy`q oh{` dbowhq`i#, Dbcl,
Aqhml Q`t, 4 ; 863/8>8,
J``* D,* Dbj`chy`* T, hli Fmtn`q* H,I, 1776, #I`v`jbwo`ly bf h oh{` y`ty hli myt
hwwjmdhymbl yb htt`tt twhymhj j`hqlmlc hli o`obq} ml O`qmlb tn``w#, Hwwjm`i
Hlmohj A`nhvmbpq Tdm`ld`* =6; 94/08,
8/3/2019 Animals' cognition, emotion, welfare
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/animals-cognition-emotion-welfare 10/10
Ohyn`tbl* T, O,* Htn`q* J, & Ahy`tbl* O, 177>, #Jhqc`q* `lqmdn`i dhc`t hq` httbdmhy`i
smyn #bwymomtymd# q`twblt` amht`t ml dhwymv` `pqbw`hl tyhqjmlct .typqlpt vpjchqmt-#,
Hwwjm`i Hlmohj A`nhvmbpq Tdm`ld`* 87= * 439/4>4,
Omlybl* K, @, & A`jdnh* F, 8==7, #@ff`dy bf hdpy` tyq`ttbqt bl `libdqmlbjbcmdhj hli
mooplbjbcmdhj fpldymblt ml jhoat#, Kbpqlhj bf Hlmohj Tdm`ld`* 6> * 4890/4808,
Whpj* @, T,* Nhqimlc* @, K, & O`lij* O, 1770, #O`htpqmlc `obymblhj wqbd`tt`t ml hlmohjt;
Yn` pymjmy} bf h dbclmymv` hwwqbhdn#, L`pqbtdm`ld` hli A`nhvmbpqhj Q`vm`st* 1= *
96=/9=8,