Ancient GreeceAncient Greece

The Gateway to the Western The Gateway to the Western WorldWorld

Admit Slip:Based on the pictures below, what do these particular societies value?

GeographyGeography

City-stateCity-state- a city with political - a city with political and economic control over and economic control over the surrounding country the surrounding country side.side.

Greece is divided by Greece is divided by mountainsmountains into isolated into isolated valleys.valleys.

In addition, hundreds of In addition, hundreds of scattered scattered islandsislands exist of its exist of its coast.coast.

Greece did form a large unified Greece did form a large unified empireempire, but a collection of , but a collection of small city-statessmall city-states, also , also known as a known as a polispolis..

Rise of City-StatesRise of City-States

A polis was typically made up of two parts; an A polis was typically made up of two parts; an acropolisacropolis (hilltop) that included religious temples, (hilltop) that included religious temples, and also on and also on flatterflatter ground was the main ground was the main citycity within within a wall.a wall.

The main city included the The main city included the market placemarket place, theater, , theater, and other public places.and other public places.

Over time, Over time, landowning nobles landowning nobles gained power, gained power, creating an creating an aristocracyaristocracy, or government run by the , or government run by the landholding elite.landholding elite.

The two most powerful city-states were The two most powerful city-states were SpartaSparta and and AthensAthens and although they shared Greek culture, and although they shared Greek culture, they developed different ways of life (they developed different ways of life (cultureculture).).

The Culture of Classical GreeceThe Culture of Classical Greece Classical Greece, especially Classical Greece, especially AthensAthens, witnessed a period of , witnessed a period of

remarkable remarkable intellectualintellectual and and culturalcultural growth that became growth that became the main source of Western culture.the main source of Western culture.

Under a leader named Under a leader named PericlesPericles, Athens had a , Athens had a direct direct democracydemocracy, which is a government where a large number , which is a government where a large number of of male citizensmale citizens actually took part in the day to day running actually took part in the day to day running of government.of government.

WomenWomen and and slavesslaves did not participate in government, as did not participate in government, as they were believed to be inferior to men.they were believed to be inferior to men.

Athens is best known for giving a greater Athens is best known for giving a greater number of people number of people a voice in a voice in governmentgovernment than did any other culture at this than did any other culture at this time.time.

ReligionReligion, , PhilosophyPhilosophy, , ArtArt, and the , and the TheatreTheatre became major became major aspects of aspects of Greek culture.Greek culture.

Who or what do you think these figures in the picture are?

What makes you think this way?

Greek ReligionGreek Religion

ReligionReligion affected every aspect of affected every aspect of Greek lifeGreek life

Greeks considered religion necessary Greeks considered religion necessary to the to the well-beingwell-being of the state of the state

Greek religion was Greek religion was polytheisticpolytheistic (12 (12 chief gods and goddesses)chief gods and goddesses)

All gods were thought to live on All gods were thought to live on Mt. Mt. OlympusOlympus

Greek GodsGreek Gods

The picture to the The picture to the left portrays left portrays ZeusZeus, , the god of all gods the god of all gods in Ancient Greecein Ancient Greece

What do you think What do you think Zeus was the god Zeus was the god of? What makes of? What makes you think that?you think that?

More Greek GodsMore Greek GodsWhat aspects of Greek life are these gods responsible for?

GoddessesGoddesses

The ParthenonThe Parthenon

Why do you think the Why do you think the ParthenonParthenon was was built atop an elevated area?built atop an elevated area?

Acropolis- a fortified area, usually atop a hill, that served as a place of refuge or religious area.

Greek DramaGreek Drama What do you think this structure was used for?

What do you think took place in this area?

Greek DramaGreek Drama

Drama as we know it in Western Drama as we know it in Western culture was created by the Greeksculture was created by the Greeks

Plays were presented in outdoor Plays were presented in outdoor theatres as part of religious festivalstheatres as part of religious festivals

TragediesTragedies- a form of drama that - a form of drama that portrays a conflict between the portrays a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force. The protagonist and a superior force. The protagonist ultimately experiences protagonist ultimately experiences extreme sorrow due to a fatal flawextreme sorrow due to a fatal flaw

Greek ArchitectureGreek ArchitectureWhat characteristics of architecture in the photos below look familiar to you?

Can you think of a building in modern-day that uses the same architectural style?

Connections to TodayConnections to Today

Greek ArtGreek Art

What do these What do these sculptures tell you sculptures tell you about Greek about Greek values?values?

Greek ArtGreek Art

Statues were Statues were lifelikelifelike, usually humans , usually humans were nude with were nude with relaxedrelaxed features features

Statues also portrayed humans who Statues also portrayed humans who were self-assured, had were self-assured, had flexibleflexible bodies, as well as smooth bodies, as well as smooth muscledmuscled

SystematicSystematic proportions were used proportions were used when sculpting the human form to when sculpting the human form to ensure an ensure an idealideal human form human form

OlympicsOlympics

http://www.olympic.org/ancient-http://www.olympic.org/ancient-olympic-games?tab=historyolympic-games?tab=history

SocratesSocrates Believed the goal of Believed the goal of

education was to education was to improve the improve the individualindividual

Developed the Developed the SocraticSocratic Method Method

He questioned He questioned authorityauthority which which ultimately led to his ultimately led to his demisedemise

Taught students to Taught students to questionquestion and and thinkthink for for themselves themselves

PlatoPlato Studied under SocratesStudied under Socrates Fascinated with the Fascinated with the

question of realityquestion of reality Wrote Wrote The RepublicThe Republic, where , where

he described his ideal state he described his ideal state (distrust of democracy)(distrust of democracy)

Believed both men and Believed both men and women should have the women should have the same education and equal same education and equal access to all positionsaccess to all positions

Established own school Established own school known as the academyknown as the academy

AristotleAristotle Aristotle studied under Aristotle studied under

Plato at the academyPlato at the academy Analyzed and Analyzed and

classified things based classified things based on observation and on observation and investigationinvestigation

Wrote about ethics, Wrote about ethics, logic, politics, poetry, logic, politics, poetry, astronomy, biology, astronomy, biology, and physicsand physics

Believed the best Believed the best government was one government was one that had a constitutionthat had a constitution

Admit SlipAdmit Slip Historical figures are often looked upon as heroes for their Historical figures are often looked upon as heroes for their

various accomplishments. However, we often overlook the various accomplishments. However, we often overlook the atrocities that these particular people did in order to atrocities that these particular people did in order to accomplish their goal.accomplish their goal.

Although someone may accomplish something truly Although someone may accomplish something truly great, if how they pursued their goal is questionable, great, if how they pursued their goal is questionable, does the magnitude of the accomplishment become does the magnitude of the accomplishment become unimportant?unimportant?

Can you think of any historical figure who is often Can you think of any historical figure who is often portrayed in a positive way, even though their portrayed in a positive way, even though their actions, or how they went about accomplishing their actions, or how they went about accomplishing their goal was questionable?goal was questionable?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojkiE9PPzNohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojkiE9PPzNo

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

AthensAthens and and SpartaSparta would eventually go to would eventually go to warwar

Each city-state believed that they had Each city-state believed that they had worthy strategies and strong worthy strategies and strong militariesmilitaries..

PlaguePlague spread in spread in AthensAthens which caused a which caused a third of the population to diethird of the population to die

SpartaSparta would go on to win the war, however would go on to win the war, however both city-states were extremely both city-states were extremely vulnerablevulnerable

While various Greek city-states continued While various Greek city-states continued fighting, the emergence of a powerful fighting, the emergence of a powerful kingdom was to follow…kingdom was to follow…

MacedoniaMacedonia

Mountainous country Mountainous country located north of located north of GreeceGreece

Macedonians were rural people organized Macedonians were rural people organized in in groupsgroups, not city-states, not city-states

Phillip II ruled over Macedonia and created Phillip II ruled over Macedonia and created a powerful a powerful armyarmy

Phillip II goal was to Phillip II goal was to uniteunite all of Greece all of Greece under Macedonian ruleunder Macedonian rule

Phillip II eventually is assassinated, so his Phillip II eventually is assassinated, so his son, son, AlexanderAlexander became the new king. became the new king.

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Alexander took the throne of Alexander took the throne of MacedoniaMacedonia when he when he was 20 years old.was 20 years old.

Although only 20, Alexander had many years of Although only 20, Alexander had many years of militarymilitary experience. experience.

Alexander went on to conquer much of the known Alexander went on to conquer much of the known world at that time including; the world at that time including; the MediterraneanMediterranean, , Middle EastMiddle East, and India., and India.

While conquering these foreign lands, he spread While conquering these foreign lands, he spread Greek culture Greek culture throughout the world.throughout the world.

Greek culture blended with Persian, Egyptian, and Greek culture blended with Persian, Egyptian, and Indian culture to create a new culture known as Indian culture to create a new culture known as Hellenistic.Hellenistic.

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great Studied under Studied under AristotleAristotle 334BC, at age 22, Alexander 334BC, at age 22, Alexander

begins his conquest of the begins his conquest of the Persian EmpirePersian Empire..

StrategicStrategic military leader, military leader, battle tactics and strategies battle tactics and strategies were very were very advanced

Fierce military general, undefeated on the battlefield..

Known for spreading Known for spreading Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic Culture (Greek) (Greek) throughout the world.throughout the world.

Macedonia: Who, Where?Macedonia: Who, Where?

The Macedonian Empire

Macedonian PhalanxMacedonian Phalanx

Hero or Villain- ThebesHero or Villain- Thebes

Hero or Villain-EgyptHero or Villain-Egypt

Hero or Villain- PersiaHero or Villain- Persia

Hero or VillainHero or Villain

Exit SlipExit Slip

What qualities do you think a good What qualities do you think a good leader should possess?leader should possess?

Based on the information presented Based on the information presented in class, do you believe that in class, do you believe that Alexander of Macedonia deserved Alexander of Macedonia deserved the title “Alexander the Great?” the title “Alexander the Great?” Explain your answer.Explain your answer.