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ANCIENT EGYPT One of the first great civilizations

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Introduccin en espaol By Laura

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Union of Two Crowns Red Crown Upper Egypt White Crown Lower Egypt Menes (3000 BC) He dethroned the king of Lower Egypt He unified both Crowns Unification To join separate parts into one whole

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Timeline Old Kingdom 3000 BC 2050 BC Middle Kingdom2050 BC 1700 BC New Kingdom1550 BC 1085 BC Lower Kingdom1085 BC - 31 BC

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History Old Kingdom: Egyptians built the pyramids of Giza. Capital: Menfis. Middle Kingdom: there was a territorial expansion. Capital: Tebas. New Kingdom: invasion of the Hicsos. There were great pharaohs such as Ramses II. Lower kingdom: period of decline. Invasions by: The Asiryans, The Persians, The Greeks until Egypt became a Roman province after Cleopatra.

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Geographical localization Egypt is located in northeastern Africa The Nile River runs along the country from the south to the north The Nile has its source in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea The climate is hot and dry, influenced by the Sahara Desert

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Geography Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions: Upper and Lower Egypt Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River's delta, made by the river as it flows into the Mediterranean. Upper Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of the Delta.

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Egypts Economy The Pharaoh was at the center of the economy Based upon Agriculture The Pharaoh collected taxes on the crops and goods Goods were bartered (traded for other necessary goods)

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Life in Ancient Egypt Life centered around the Nile river Yearly floods brought nutrients to the soil The river was a main route of travel and commerce

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Nile Delta It has 240 km of coastline and is 106 km long Rich agricultural region The most fertile soil in Africa

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Floodplain The low strip of fertile land located on either side of the Nile River The river flooded annually (once a year) When the flood finished, it left the earth soaked and fertilized Most of the farming occurred here

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Floodplain

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Limited on the south, east and west by the Sahara Desert, and on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, ancient Egypt was protected from outside influences.

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Social Pyramid of Egypt

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HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSES Served gods and goddesses PHARAOH Supreme leader; considered a god NOBLES Fought in wars MERCHANTS, SCRIBES, AND ARTISANS Made furniture, jewelry, and fabrics for pharaohs and nobles PEASANT FARMERS, SERVANTS AND SLAVES Worked in the fields and served the pharaoh Social Classes 2 Upper Class Middle Class Lower Class Unskilled

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A System of Writing Hieroglyphics Used to keep records Scribes were record keepers were the first Accountants Papyrus Paper made from plants Rosetta Stone Transcribed Hieroglyphics, Greek, and Demotic

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Writing Making paper from papyrus

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What is hieroglyphics? Hieroglyphics is the pictorial writing used in ancient Egypt. The word hieroglyphics is made up of two Greek words - hieros, which means sacred, and glyphe, which means carving. The Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system consists of several hundred pictorial signs. The signs can be divided into two classes, phonograms and ideograms

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Phonograms represent sounds, the same as alphabet letters do. Ideograms are signs that represent whole words or concepts.

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Egyptian Religion Polytheism About 2000 gods & goddesses Death and Funerals Three souls ka, ba, and akh They believed in life after death Embalming Burial Tombs (Pyramids, mastabas)

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Religion They believed that many gods and goddesses ruled the world and the afterlife gods and goddesses The most important gods were: Amon-Ra: god of the sun Osiris: god of the underworld and of the Nile The pharaoh was believed to be a god as well as a leader Falcon Headed Sun God

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Egyptian gods RA: god of the sun SET: god of evil BASTET: goddess of war HATHOR: goddess of love HORUS: father of the kings ANUBIS: protector of the dead OSIRIS: god of fertility ISIS: mother of the gods

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Religion They believed in eternal life after death. In their funerals they used the Book of the Dead to help them through the afterworld. They practised mummification: the preservation of the body for use in the next life.

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Egyptian Art

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Characteristics Art directed by priests and the Pharaoh Anonymous artists No landscapes nor perspective Front-facing bodies A sense of eternity

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Building the Pyramids Built as tombs for the Pharaohs Afterlife They contained everything the Paraoh needed Khufus (Cheops) pyramid Total number of blocks 2,300,000 One blocks average weight 2.5 tons Number of blocks added each day 285

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Pyramids

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P Y R A M I D Kings chamber Queens chamber Hall Entrance Pit Subterranean chamber Weight relief chambers

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The Great Sphinx

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Temples Abu Simbel Karnak Luxor