American soldiers go to Europe

• American Expeditionary Force (AEF)- name given to American troops in Europe

• Selective Service Act- draft of men for service

• we need millions of men to fight - 24 million sign up

• A true expression of loyalty to ones country.

Who’s in command of the U.S. forces?

• John J. Pershing in charge.

• West Point graduate and teacher.

• Praised African-American troops in the Spanish-American war, and earned the nickname “Blackjack”.

Convoy system is set up

• Unarmed U.S. ships surrounded by destroyers.

• Our boats need help getting across the Atlantic

American soldiers

• We are kept apart from the allied forces

• Blacks are kept apart from whites. They mostly did manual labor, not warfare.

• This is a typical soldier with his gear

This is a lot to carry!

Rations for one•

British Daily Ration - 1914 • 20 oz. Fresh or frozen meat, or 16 oz. preserved or salt meat

• 20 oz. bread, or 16 oz. biscuit or flour

• 4 oz. bacon

• 3 oz. cheese

• 5/8 oz. tea

• 4 oz. jam

• 3 oz. sugar

• 1/2 oz. Slat

• 1/36 oz. Pepper

• 1/20 oz. mustard

• 8 oz. fresh or 2 oz. dried vegetables

• 1/10 gill lime juice if vegetable not issued (for scurvey)

• 1/2 gill rum (at discretion of commanding general) not to exceed

• 20 oz. tobacco per week

Our most famous WWI fighter

• Corporal Alvin York• Was a conscientious

objector at the beginning of the war

• Credited with killing 25, capturing 132 .

• A well known marksman from the hills of Tennessee.

What is a conscientious objector?

• Conscientious Objectors

• Defined as those men who refused conscripted combat service conscientious objectors were common to armies on all sides of the war. Such men would decline to serve for a variety of reasons although the primary reasons were religious (e.g. Jehovah's Witnesses or Quakers) and moral - a disinclination to harm one's fellow man.

A major turning point in the war

• Russia’s government is overthrown.

• Lenin and the Communists are in charge.

• He makes peace with Germany, because Germany helped bring him into power in Russia

• Now Germany only has to fight on one front, the Western.

Now what does the balance of power look like?

• Central Powers• Austria-Hungary• Germany• Turkey• Bulgaria

• Allies• Serbia• France• Great Britain• Italy• United States

Is there enough Allied power to stop the Central Powers? Or does Russia leaving mean

the end for the Allies?

Why is Russia leaving such a

big deal?• Only 1 front to fight on

for the Germans.• All forces can move to

the western front• July 13, 1918 - The

Central Powers are only 50 miles from Paris

The United States saves the day

• We push Germany back at Chateau-Thieery, France.

• The use of tanks sends them back even more

U.S. is on the move

• We have fresh troops and good supplies

• The Central Powers are tired

• We have gained the upper hand!!!

Horrors of War

• "When day dawned we were astonished to see, by degrees, what a sight surrounded us. The sunken road now appeared as nothing but a series of enormous shell-holes filled with pieces of uniform, weapons, and dead bodies. The ground all round, as far as the eye could see, was ploughed by shells. You could search in vain for one wretched blade of grass. This churned-up battlefield was ghastly. Among the living lay the dead. As we dug ourselves in we found them in layers stacked one upon the top of another. One company after another had been shoved into the drum-fire and steadily annihilated. "Ernst Junger, after a night march to the front line at Guillemont.

What does Germany want?

• They want to negotiate peace.

• Allies want total surrender

Allies hit major German strongholds

• Germany begins a full retreat

• They know they cannot win this war anymore.

The end of the war

• 1918• Armistice- or cease-

fire is signed.• Fighting goes on until

the last minute.Cease-Fire

Casualties

• United States

• 50,000 men dead

• Europe

• 8 million dead

• plus millions dead from starvation and disease

Genocide

• An organized killing of an entire people.

• Armenians murdered be the Ottomans

• They suspected disloyalty to the government

• Hundreds of thousands killed.

Dead Armenians

Where is Armenia?

How can Europe survive this devastation?

• 8 million dead from battle

• disease

• hunger

• the countryside is butchered by trenches

• towns are hurt from the bombings

• The U.S. is untouched physically, but many men are dead.

Quiz time

• 7 questions

#1

• The Selective Service Act was put into place for doing what?

#2

• What was the purpose of the convoy system?

#3

• What did African Americans do during WWI?

#4

• A conscientious objector can refuse to go to war because of his religious and ___________ beliefs.

#5

• Russia’s government was overthrown and _____________ and the communists were now in charge.

#6

• An armistice is a _______________ between opponents in a war.

#7

• What is genocide?