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RAW

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OR

DICTIONARYOF THE

SANSKRIT LANGUAGEBY

and With an English InterpretationAnnotations.BY

H. T.

COLEBROOKE* ESQTHIRD EDITION.

Service. Late of (he Bengal Civil

RAKSHIT. PUBLISHED BY HARAGOBINDA

Ka 14,

lasuB Mill's Lakh.

BANERJEB & CO., PRINTED BY NUNDO MOHUNWOBKB, AT THB FULL MOON FRIWnNa Bbadon Street, E. C. 24,1891.

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VjOOQ IC

f

\

PK.A*8|89\

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ns-f-^VPUBLISHER'S NOTICE.

The value of Colebrooke's Umura Kosha has neverbeen under-rated andSanskrit Scholars.Itis

well

known

to

all

%

Anglo-

is

a book which appears to be

indispensably necessary to the students of the Calcutta

University and indeed to all English-knowing studentsofSanskrit,

as

furnishing

English

synonyms

for

Sanskrit words and very valuable notes on the text Butas the book has long been out of printavailable except at

and

is

not

now

a great cost,

it is

hoped that theit

publication of the present edition will bring

within

the reach of the general public and the students of the

Calcuttasincerely

University

in

particular.

The

publisher

hopes that the undertaking will meet the

support of those for

whom it

is

intended.

Januaryf

f

HARAGOBINDA RAKSHIT

1891

J

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/

PREFACE.

THEWilliam,it

compilation of a Sanskrit Dictionary having been

undertaken early after the institution of the College of Fort

was at the same time thought advisable

to print, in

Sanskrit and English, the work which has been chosen for thebasis of that compilationoriginal authority to;

as well for the sake of exhibitingwill

an

which reference

be frequently neces-

sary, as with the view of furnishing

an useful vocabulary which

might servepublished.

until

an ampler dictionary could be prepared andof Sanskrit

The celebrated Umura KSsha, or Vocabularyis,

by

Umura singha, by the unanimous suffrage of the learned, the best guide to the acceptations of nouns in Sanskrit. The workof

Pa n*1ni on etymology

is

rivalled

by other grammars, somebut Umura's vocabularyis

of which

have even obtained the preference in the opinion of:

the learned of particular provinces

has prevailed wherever the Sanskrit languageonly where Umura's

cultivated

;

and

the numerous other vocabularies, which remain, are consultedis

either silent or defective. It has employ-

ed the industry of innumerable commentators, while none of theothers(

with the single exception of

He machandra's

)

have

been interpreted even by one annotator.ference for the

Such decided pre-

Umura Kdsha, and theit,

consequent frequency of

quotations from

determined the selection of this as the basis

of an alphabetical dictionary, and suggested the expediency ofalso publishing the original text with

an English interpretation.is

Like other vocabularies of Sanskrit, that of Umura

in metre;

and a considerable degree of knowledge of the language becomesrequisite to discriminate the words from their interpretations

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IV

PREFACE.to separate

and

them from contiguous terms which

affect their

initials

and to adapt the work to the use of the English student, the words, of which the sense isfinals.

and

On

this account,

exhibited, are disjoined from their interpretation

(whichis

is in-

cluded between crotchets); and the close of each word

marked

by a

Italic letter over it indicating

the gender of the noun.

Where a

letter

has been* permuted according to the Sanskritis

system of orthography, a dotthat a letteris

placed under the line to intimateis

there altered or omitted : and a marginal notefinal of

added, exhibiting the radical

the noun, oris so far

its initial, in

every instance where either of them

disguised by per-

mutation as not to be easily recognized upon a slight knowledgeof the rudiments of the language,

and of

its

orthography.

An

explanation in English

is

given in the margin, and completed^

when

necessary, at the foot of the page.

The

different

inter-

pretations proposed by the several commentators, and the variations in orthography

remarked by them, are also specified in

the same place.

According to the original plan of the present publication,the variations in the reading of the textcollation has been(for

which a careful

made

of several

copies

and of numerousintended

commentaries) are noticed only where they affect the interpretation of a

word or

its

orthography.

It

was not at

first

to insert those differences

which are remarked by commentatorsvariautility of indicating

upon other authority, and not upon the ground of anytion in the textitself.

However, the

such

differences was afterwards thought to

counterbalance any in-

convenience attending

it

:

and

after

some progress had been

made

at the press, this*

and other additions to the originalchapters and complete

design

were admitted, which have rendered a supplementfirst

necessary to supply omissions in the

the work upon an uniform plan.

To

avoid too great an increase of the volume,

the variousfully

r 'ndinsrs

and interpretations are rather hinted than

set

These additions are incorporated with the text in the present edition.

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PREFACE.forth:

V

it

has been judged sufficient to state the result, as the

notes would have been too

much

lengthened,

if

the ground of

disagreement had been everywhere exhibited and explained.

For the same reason, authorities have not been cited by name.

The mention

of the particular

commentator inlittle

each* instance

would have enlarged the notes, with very

advantage, as the

means of verifying authorities are as effectually furnished by an enumeration of the works which have been employed and consulted. They are as follow:

I.

The

text of the

Umura Kdska

:

This vocabulary comprised in three books,

is

frequently cited

under the title otTrikanda^ometimes under the denominationof Abhid'ha'na (nouns), fromits

subject

;

often under that of

Uviura Ko'sha, from the name of theare indeed unanimous in ascribing

author.to

The comttoentatorssingha.

it

Umura

He

appears to have belonged to the sect of Bwdd'ha,(tho\igh this be

denied by some of his scholiastsin the reign

;)

and;

is

reputed to have lived

is expressly named among the ornaments of the Court of Ra JA'BH