AIRBUS AND APV LVP APPROACHES

Airbus aircraft capacities to support APV

Edith PABON-ALQUIERAirbus Flight Operations Support & Services

Presented by:

ICAO LVP&APV workshop – 9-11 June 2009

June 09ICAO LVP&APV workshop ©AI

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Content

LNAV/VNAV – Baro VNAV

RNP AR APCH

Airbus FMS Landing System - FLS

SBAS – Satellite Landing System

Conclusion


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LNAV/VNAV – Baro-VNAV

• During LNAV/VNAV, Baro-VNAV, the aircraft system uses barometric altitude to compare the vertical position of the aircraft with vertical flight path computed by the FMS, also using baro-referenced altitudes.

• The fly-by-wire Airbus aircraft are equipped with integrated LNAV/VNAV systems with accurate source of barometric altitude.

• Airbus fly-by-wire aircraft systems have been certified by EASA to conduct Baro-VNAV approaches down to a MDA/H of minimum 250ft.


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Content

LNAV/VNAV – RNP APCH

RNP AR APCH



Conclusion


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Airbus Basic RNP Capabilities – RNP APCH

• Basic certification was demonstrated by reference to the MASPS DO-236 / ED-75• Achieved with AP or FD ON in GPS PRIMARY mode

Approach Terminal En-route Airbus Certified Capability RNP 0.3 RNP 0.51 RNP 1(2) Required Capability RNP 0.3 RNP 1 RNP 2(4)

•RNP 0.3 applicable to straight in approaches designed under ICAOPANS OPS or FAA TERPS criteria.

•All Airbus equipped with FMS and GPS are capable to fly RNP APCH as per ICAO PBN manual.

•DH as low as 250 ft with FINAL APP mode (LNAV/VNAV ) guidance.

Note: This certification was not intended for RNP AR (or SAAAR) operations, including RNP AR APCH of ICAO PBN manual.


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• A procedure is RNP AR if one of the following characteristic is present:

2 x RNP2 x RNPVEBVEB

RNP AR Concept

RNP values lower than 0.3 in approach

RNP AR ConceptRNP AR Concept

Curved flight path below FAF (RF legs)

Reduced obstacle protections, at 2xRNP, without buffers


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RNP AR Certification standards

In some cases, obstacle may be as close as 2xRNP.Need to demonstrate a

Target Level of Safety of 10-7/approach

Including the effect of system failures

Existing airborne systems are not capableto meet this objective alone

Operational mitigations are required to achieve the overall safety objectives (FOSA)


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RNP AR Certification standards

FAA:Rely on Flight Operational Safety Assessment (FOSA)Engine failure evaluation in ops context A/C to be maintained within 2xRNP

EASA certification requirements:• Engine failure or probable system failures (>10-5/procedure):

A/C to be maintained within 1xRNP• Remote system failures (10-5 to 10-7/procedure) : A/C to be maintained within 2xRNP

• Safe extraction for failures below 10-7


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RNP AR below 0.3 Certification

RNP AREASA

CertificationRequirements

Lateral Deviation scale

Automatic NAV re-engagementat GA initiation

Triple click upon loss ofFINAL APP or NAV

EGPWS with GPS position and peaks mode


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New Lateral Deviation Indication:• L/DEV displayed on PFD• Position of the computed flight plan• Full scale: 2 dots = +/- 0.2 NM • Same symbol as the V/DEV

Improved XTK Error resolution on ND:•• 2 digits after the dot• When 0.02 ≤ XTK ≤ 0.29

RNP AR below 0.3 CertificationLateral Deviation & Improved XTRK error resolution

V/DEV

SPEED FINAL APP

MDA 250

AP1 1FD2 A/THR

L/DEV

RNP

ON

• RNP Push Button enables the LATDEV display.

• With latest standards of equipment, the P/B is no more required:

The L/DEV is automatically displayed when needed


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Certification for RNP AR below 0.3

A318/A319/A320/A321 aircraftA318/A319/A320/A321 aircraft

RNP 0.1 (normal) and RNP 0.2 (non normal)

Departure (AP on)

Missed Approach (AP on)

Approach(AP on)

New

Availability planned Q4 2009

Departure (AP on)


Approach (AP on)

RNP 0.24 (non normal)

RNP 0.17 (normal)RNP 0.17 (normal)RNP 0.1 (normal)

Currently

Requires Specific Set of Equipment Package


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A330-200/-300 aircraftA330-200/-300 aircraft

Departure (AP on)


Approach (AP on)

RNP 0.3 (non normal)


Currently


RNP 0.1 (Normal) and RNP 0.2y (non normal)

Departure (AP on)


Approach (AP on)

New



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A340-500/-600 aircraftA340-500/-600 aircraft


Departure (AP on)


Approach (AP on)

RNP 0.2(non normal)

RNP 0.3(non normal)

RNP 0.2(non normal)




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The RNP AR limited to 0.3.

Flight around obstaclesNoise abatement,Track miles saving,Traffic management,….

RNP AR procedures are not all equivalent in terms of exposure:


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The RNP AR limited to 0.3.

On A318/A319/A320/A321 & A330/A340-600/A340-500 On A318/A319/A320/A321 & A330/A340-600/A340-500

RNP 0.3 (normal & non norm)

Departure (AP on)


Approach (AP on)

New

• Availability end of the year 2009, or early 2010, • No LAT DEV required. • reduced set of equipment


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Content


RNP AR APCH



Conclusion


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FMS Landing System (FLS)

FLS is a new way to fly NPA – not a new type of approach

• Airbus has decided to modify the current cockpit design for Non Precision Approach operational procedures to provide similar interface for Non Precision Approach as for Precision Approach (ILS Look alike)

• This new design allows conducting existing non precision approaches (VOR, VOR/DME, NDB, NDB/DME, GPS) in the same manner as Precision Approach (ILS/GLS) with similar display, guidance & warnings.

•This function is autonomous and does not require any additional information from the ground.

•Applies to straight in approach flight path.


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FLS Principle • Based on database stored data, an FLS

approach beam is defined. Then, lateral and vertical deviations between the FLS beam and the computed aircraft position are computed by the MMR and used for guidance and display to the pilot.

Anchor point

FAF

FLS beam

Slope

Anchor Point

FLS beam FAF

Anchor Point

Course

The FLS virtual The FLS virtual beam is defined by:beam is defined by:•• Anchor PointAnchor Point•• CourseCourse•• SlopeSlope


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FLS display

1) Pseudo LOC scale & index

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3

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4

2) Pseudo G/S scale & index3) Course pointer4) FLS beam definition

Anchor Point identificationSlopeDistance to RWY threshold

5) Approach capability6) AP/FD guidance modes


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FLS Benefits

• Stabilized approachEnhanced safety operation:

– 80% of approach accidents occur on non stabilized approachesFLS available all over the world:

– non precision approaches published on any airport in the world

• ILS Look alikeHMI close to precision approachesReuse of ILS pilot skills , reduction in training needs.Use of ILS guidance laws in Flight Guidance: same behavior as precision approachesTemperature compensated


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FLS policy and schedule

• FLS is a Multi Programme Project – Will be certified on all current Airbus fly-by-wire aircraft

Basic on A380 and A350

Optional on SA and LR programs

• Certification schedule:A380: At Entry into serviceA320 family: end 09 A330/A340 family: from 2010


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Content


RNP AR APCH



Conclusion


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Future steps:Technical enablers: all new

GNSS means capable of LPV200’Coverage: worldwide

First step: A350XWB Targeted procedures: RNAV GNSS

with LPV minima (down to 200’)Technical enabler: GPS+SBASCoverage: multi regionalCockpit integration (HMI, NDB, ..)

Satellite Landing System

Allows to fly RNAV (GNSS) approaches with vertical guidance down to 200ft without any xLS ground station

2003 20232009 2013 2018

GPS L1WAAS L1

GPS L1WAAS/

EGNOS L1

GPS L1SBAS L1

GALILEO L1/E5

GPS L1/L5SBAS L1/L5

GALILEO SOL L1/L5

GPS L1/L1C/L5 SBAS L1/L5

GALILEO SOL L1/L5

A350XWB

2011

GPS L1W. / E. L1GAGAN/MSAS L1


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Main benefits

No need for local ground station

Provide geometrical vertical guidance

Give access to RNAV GNSS with LPV minima down to 200’

SBAS


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Experimental flight tests

• SBAS flight tests performed on A380With a modified MMR, In an experimental configuration with SBAS on one side and GBAS on the other sideTo mature function for A350 and collect SBAS data

• Project launched for A350 to provide SBAS Landing System (SLS) with capability to perform LPV-200 approaches (where available)

• Currently no plans to introduce SLS for existing programmes


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Content


RNP AR APCH



Conclusion


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Conclusion

Satellite based systems and RNP operations foreseen as the final successor to ground based aids.

Airbus supports the development of new landing systems in line with operator requirements.

MLS, FLS, SBAS (SLS)MMR is the key to enable all approaches (precision and non precision) to be flown the same way.

RNP AR : most of the fly by wire a/c are RNP AR capable.Airbus has already met more stringent EASA requirementsReduced operational demonstration for airlinesHigher confidence from national authorities

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AIRBUS AND APV LVP APPROACHES

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