• Aim: How did Frankish kingdoms rise to power after the fall of Rome?

• Do now: timeline

•

• HW- Chapter 8, section 1

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages, or medieval period, occurred in Europe between the 400s and the1500safter the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Defining the Medieval Period

The time period has also been called the “Middle Ages” and the “Dark Ages”

Classical Civilization(Beginning of European Civilization

Roman Empire)

Medieval Europe(Fall of Rome Before the Renaissance)

Modern Times(Renaissance Today)

Medieval Europe: Stages

Early Medieval Europe(c. 500–1000)

High Medieval Europe(c. 1000–1300)

Late Medieval Europe(c. 1300–1500)

Fall of Western Rome

• Collapse of central government

• Breakdown of law and order

• Armed men threaten countryside

Germanic TribesGermanic tribes plundered Europe andestablished small kingdoms. Invaders were

Romanized Christians.

Rise of the Germanic Peoples

– Ostrogoths: Italian peninsula

– Visigoths: modern-day Spain

– Angles and Saxons: modern-day Britain

– Franks: central Europe

“Invasion of the Goths into the Roman Empire,” a 19th-century painting

Germanic CultureGermanic Culture

• Centrality of the tribal unit or Centrality of the tribal unit or family.family.

• The leadership of the war The leadership of the war chieftainchieftain

• Germanic customs replaced Germanic customs replaced Roman written laws Roman written laws

• -- feuds, vendettas-- feuds, vendettas

-- “wergeld” - payments-- “wergeld” - payments

--trial by ordeal--trial by ordeal

--trial by combat--trial by combat

--compurgation - oaths--compurgation - oaths

Germanic Culture Germanic Culture

• Blending of Germanic Blending of Germanic and Roman cultureand Roman culture

• Rural society - Rural society - decline of town life decline of town life and tradeand trade

• The role of forests in The role of forests in Germanic thinkingGermanic thinking

• Pagans – Thor, Pagans – Thor, WotanWotan

Aim: Did Charlemagne save Christian Europe?

• Do Now – Analyzing a Secondary Source – Charlemagne reading

• What is the main idea of the reading? 1. Underline key ideas as you read. 2. Take notes in the margins. 3. Answer questions 1,2 on the handout

The Rise of the Franks, 330-751The Rise of the Franks, 330-751

• The Franks: least The Franks: least romanized and romanized and most orthodox of most orthodox of the Germanic the Germanic tribestribes

• In 350 became In 350 became Roman federatiRoman federati

The Merovingian DynastyThe Merovingian Dynasty481 - Clovis became king and established theMerovingian line. Supported by the Church,they gained control of Gaul

Clovis, the King of the Franks

Frankish Kings

• Kingship sacred institution combining the functions of military leader, high priest, lawmaker and judge.

• Power of Frankish kings based upon their estates and personal possessions.

• Traditional customs of inheritance – property divided equally among children.

• No attempt to preserve unpopular Roman system of taxation.

The Rise of the Franks

The Merovingian DynastyThe Merovingian DynastyAs Merovingian kings grew weak, the “mayorof the palace” came to rule. Pépin II and hissuccessors united the Frankish kingdoms

Pépin II ruled from 687 to 714

The Merovingian DynastyThe Merovingian Dynasty732 - Pépin’s son, Charles Martel, defeated the Moors halted the Muslim advance inEurope

October 732 - a triumphant Charles Martel facing ‘Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi at the Battle of Tours.

Carolingian Dynasty

751 - Pépin the Short established theCarolingian dynasty after overthrowing the lastMerovingian king

Carolingian DynastyPépin’s army helped the pope defeat theLombards and donated the land around Rome - the Papal States

In 751 Pepin the Short was crowned king of the Franks by Pope Boniface, who converted the Germanic tribes to Christianity

Carolingian Dynasty

Charlemagne

• 768 Charles the Great became king.

• “Father of Europe”

• Military conquests spread faith

• Active in Church affairs

• Built new capital at Aachen.

• Defeated Lombards.

Carolingian Dynasty800 - the pope crowned Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans” after he drove out the Muslimsand united western Europe

Charlemagne ruled from 768 and until 814. On Christmas Day of the

year 800, he was crowned “Emperor of the Romans”

Carolingian DynastyCharlemagne worked to build a “new Rome”and brought civilization, order, and learning toEurope

Carolingian DynastyCharlemagne divided his empire into regionsgoverned by counts. Missi dominici were sent into the kingdom as his direct representatives

Carolingian DynastyCharlemagne started schools, his scholarsproduced a readable Bible, and he forced hissubjects to convert to Christianity

The Decline of the Frankish Empire814 - Charlemagne died and his empiredeclined rapidly due to weak leadership

Charlemagne's Tomb in the Gothic Chancel of the Aachen Dom

The Decline of the Frankish Empire

• Louis the Pius, 814-840, Charlemagne’s only surviving son.

• Weak leader, lost power to counts.

• His 3 sons divided empire into 3 kingdoms.

The Decline of the Frankish Empire843 - the Treaty of Verdun divided Charlemagne's empire among his descendants

The Decline of the Frankish EmpireWeakened by division, the kingdoms were invaded by Slavs, Muslims, and the nomadicMagyars

Magyars (led by Arpad) arriving in the Danube Basin

The VikingsDuring the 800s and the 900s western Europewas invaded by the Vikings from Scandinavia

The VikingsThe Vikings would raid and loot settlements and capture slaves to work on their farms inScandinavia – shallow-draft boats.

The VikingsExplored Iceland, Greenland, North America.

Settled in England, Ireland, and parts of Europe. Attacked Constantinople three times.