absdwv

ABSPLASTIC PIPE & FITTINGS

INFORMATIONAL & TECHNICAL

GUIDE

ABS Pipe: For Drain, Waste and Vent ApplicationsWHAT IS ABS PIPE?ABS pipe and fittings are made from a thermoplasticresin called Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (or ABSfor short). Strict quality control procedures for themanufacturing of ABS resins are practiced throughoutthe industry. In addition, third party certifiers periodi-cally audit resin manufacturers for compliance withapplicable standards and quality control requirements.

THE ORIGIN OF ABS PIPEABS pipe and fittings were originally developed inthe early 1950s for use in oil fields and the chemicalindustry. In 1959, John F. Long, a prominent Arizonabuilder, used ABS pipe in an experimental residence,which he built to test the latest ideas in effective,cost-cutting building supplies. Twenty-five years later,an independent research firm dug up and analyzed asection of the drain pipe. The result: no evidence ofrot, rust or corrosion.

In 1960, the FHA approved the use of ABS pipe for DWV applications. Since that time, it has becomethe leading material for DWV applications becauseit offers an outstanding combination of properties.Contractors have installed more than 10 billion feet ofABS pipe in residential and commercial construction.

2001 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association

ABS PIPE OFFERS MANY ADVANTAGES FOR DWV APPLICATIONSToday, ABS plastic pipe is the standard material for many types of DWV systems. Its properties make it ideal for residential homes, manufacturedhousing, commercial and industrial buildings, andrecreational vehicles.

Ready availability. Schedule 40 ABS pipe (ABSpipe with the same wall thickness as standard steelpipe) and fittings are readily available throughplumbing supply distributors and other sources. ABSpipe is available in 1-1/2 diameter, 2, 3, 4 and 6with solid wall or cellular core wall constructions,both of which can be used interchangeably. A fullrange of fittings (elbows, tees, wyes, couplings andtraps) are available.

Lightweight. A 3 diameter, 10-foot long section ofABS pipe weighs under 10 pounds making it easyto handle. Installers find that less physical effort isrequired in handling ABS pipe, making it easy andquick to assemble.

Easy installation. Assembly involves a one-stepsolvent cementing process. No threading, noprimer, no lead pot and torch required! (See pages10 to 13 for complete installation guidelines.)

Lower cost than cast iron or steel pipe.ABS pipe is less expensive, foot-for-foot, thanmetal pipe. In addition, easier installation meansfaster installation time which results in lowerlabor costs. A DWV installation in a typical two-bath home (with about 100 joints) can be com-pleted two to six hours faster with ABSpipe than with other materials.

Toughness. ABS pipe exhibits outstand-ing impact resistance which enables it toresist mechanical damage even at -40Ftemperatures. ABS pipe has the strengthto withstand the crushing loads ofsoil, slab foundations and high sur-face loads without collapse. It isalso resistant to the impact of acci-dental abuse common to construc-tion and plumbing operations.

High performance at extremetemperatures. The slow rate withwhich heat or cold is absorbedenables ABS pipe to retain itstoughness during temperaturechanges an important quality in

a system that handles both hot and cold wastes. ABSpipe remains rigid during prolonged exposureto high heat such as that associated with a dishwash-er discharging water at 180F, yet retains its highimpact characteristics at sub-freezing temperatures.

Resistance to chemicals and corrosion. ABS pipeoffers outstanding resistance to most householdchemicals and many corrosive industrial liquids.(See pages 6 and 7 for details on specific chemicals.)

High self-ignition point. With a self-ignition temperature of 871F, ABS pipe is not a fire hazardin a building. If installed properly, it can be used inhigh-rise fire-resistive construction. (Seepages 8 and 9 for details on ABS pipeand fire issues.)

2 2001 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association

2001 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association3

the two when connecting building drains to buildingsewers by using transition cement. Consult local codesand pipe manufacturers for specific instructions.

SPECIFICATIONSpecifying ABS pipe is a relatively easy task as thepipe wall of Schedule 40 ABS DWV pipe is the samethickness as Schedule 40 (IPS) steel pipe.

When preparing specifications, it is important tonote the type of materials to be used in DWV applica-tions. Architects, mechanical engineers and buildersshould incorporate ABS pipe and fittings into theirspecifications by a reference similar to the following:All soil lines, waste lines, vents, and building drainsshall be installed with ABS pipe and fittings conform-ing to Schedule 40 ASTM F 628 or ASTM D 2661.All products shall bear the seal of a nationally-recog-nized listing or certifying agency.

ABS Pipe: The Standard for DWV Applications

Schedule 40 ABS pipe carries a varietyof informational markings. Cellular-corepipe is marked as shown here; solid pipehas the marking ASTM D 2661 Schedule40 ABS DWV. Both types also feature themanufacturers code for resin manufacturer,lot number, and date of manufacture, aswell as nominal pipe size and other mark-ings required or permitted by local codes.Fitting markings vary slightly becauseof space limitations.

ABS pipe and fittings are recognized by every majorstandards organization and regional code authority in the United States and Canada. In making the ABSresin itself, manufacturers must meet the ASTMrequirements of Cell Classification 4-2-2-2-2 for pipeand 3-2-2-2-2 for fittings; a series of physical propertytesting on the resin.

ASTM Standards set strict specifications for thequality of ABS pipe and fittings. Schedule 40 ASTM F 628 and ASTM D 2661 Standards define the require-ments which must be met to be eligible for certificationby listing agencies.

With its light weight and unique properties, ABSpiping is easy to install above or below ground. Even so,its important that you follow some basic guidelines toensure a successful installation. Always consult andadhere to local codes that regulate ABS pipe for DWVapplications, and secure the necessary plumbing permits.

SELECTIONSelecting the proper ABS pipe and fittings is the firststep to a successful installation. ABS pipe and fittingsfor DWV applications carry a variety of markingsfor easy identification: ASTM and/or CSA standards,manufacturers name and trademark, nominal pipe size,the DWV symbol, production code, third-party certifi-cation, listing agency logo and any other markingsrequired or permitted by local codes. Pipe is markedon both sides at two-foot intervals; fitting markingsvary slightly because of space limitations.

When selecting ABS pipe, be sure to chooseSchedule 40 ABS DWV. Only Schedule 40 pipeand fittings that conform to nationally recognizedstandards may be marked ABS DWV. Mixing ofABS and PVC pipe and fittings within the samesystem is not recommended. However, you can join

4ABS Pipe and Fittings in Standards and Codes for DWV Applications

Home DWV InstallationA DWV installation in a typical two-bath home(incorporating approximately 100 joints) canbe completed two to six hours faster with ABSpipe than with other DWV materials due toABS pipes one-step solvent cementing process.

PRODUCT STANDARDS:

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) ASTM D 2661 (Schedule 40 solid pipe) ASTM F 628 (Schedule 40 cellular core) ASTM D 3311 (Specifies drainage pattern

for fittings)

Canadian Standards Association (CSA) CSA CAN/CSA B181.1 Schedule 40

National Sanitation Foundation International (NSF) Standard NSF 14

MODEL PLUMBING CODES:

Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCAI) National Plumbing Code

International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) Uniform Plumbing Code

International Code Council (ICC)BOCAI - SBCCI - ICBO International Plumbing Code (IPC)

Council of America Building Officials (CABO) One and Two Family Dwelling Code

National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Cooling Contractors (NAPHCC) National Standard Plumbing Code

Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) Standard Plumbing Code

ABS pipe and fittings are also listed by third party certifiers including CSA, NSF International and IAPMO.



ABS pipe offers excellent chemical resistance inmany applications. It stands up to any solution ofammonium chloride, calcium chloride or sodiumhydroxide, all of which are corrosive to manymetals. ABS pipe is also unaffected by aqueoussalt solutions, mineral acids and alkalis.

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE FOR INDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSThe chemical resistance of ABS pipe also makes itsuitable for many industrial applications. Sewagetreatment plants use ABS pipe because it stands up tothe highly corrosive and abrasive liquids commonlyfound in such systems.

ABS Pipe Offers Outstanding Chemical Resistance

Resistance of ABS to HouseholdChemicals

Resistance of ABS to Drain & BowlCleaners

RESISTANCE TO HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALSABS pipe is preferred for residential DWV applicationsbecause of its resistance to the chemicals commonlyused in bathrooms and kitchens. According to studiesperformed by the ABS Institute, ABS pipe was shown tobe unaffected by commonly used household chemicals including drain and bowl cleaners. Similarly, waterhas almost no effect. In a 24-hour immersion test,ABS pipe absorbed only 0.005% water by weight.

Product Comments EffectTide detergent 10% concentration used was far greater than None

recommended. Solution was very viscous.Soilax cleanser Mostly trisodium phosphate with sodium carbonate, None

sodium tripolyphosphate and ammonium chloride.At 20% the solution was saturated and was far moreconcentrated than would be recommended foractual service.

Borax cleanser Mixture of hydrated sodium borates. Saturated Nonesolution is about 2% concentration.

Calgon water softener Sodium hexametaphosphate. NoneClorox bleach Sodium hypochlorite. It is never used at full strength None

as it was here.Ammonia 5% solution This concentration is about equal to household None

ammonia which is usually used in about 100 to 1 orgreater dilutions.

Renuzit spot remover Used as recommended. None

Product Active Major Ingredients Normal ExcessDrano Sodium hydroxide. No effect No effectLiquid Sani-flush Hydrogen chloride, oxalic acid, alkyl No effect No effect

trimethyammonium chloride.Sani-flush Sodium bisulphate, monopotassium No effect No effect

peroysulphate.Liquid Plumber Sodium hydroxide. No effect No effectLysol bowl cleaner Hydrogen chloride, N-alkyl dimethyl No effect No effect

benzyl ammonium chloride.Vanish bowl cleaner Sodium acid sulphate. No effect No effectLiquid Vanish bowl Hydrogen chloride, N-alkyl dimethyl No effect No effect

cleaner benzyl ammonium chloride, N-alkyldimethyl ethyl benzyl ammoniumchloride, 1-(2 hydroxyethyl-2-leptadecanyl imiazaolinium chloride).

Sno-Bol bowl cleaner Hydrochloric acid. No effect No effect

The accompanying chart provides a general guideto chemical resistance for specific chemicals. In anygiven application, however, resistance is a function ofmany factors (like temperature, stress and pressure),not just the chemical involved. For particular applica-tion specifications or to find out about any chemicalnot listed, contact an ABS pipe/fittings manufacturer.

Source: ABS Institute

2001 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association 6

Acetamide (5%) R R Acetic acid (glacial) (100%) N N NAcetic acid (50%) N N NAcetic acid (5%) R R Acetic anhydride (100%) N N Acetone (100%) N N NAcetophenone N N Acetyl chloride N Alcohol, allyl N N Alcohol, amyl Tech. pure N N Alcohol, benzyl N N Alcohol butyl N N Alcohol, butyric R R Alcohol, cetyl R Alcohol, ethyl R to N N NAlcohol, furfuryl N N Alcohol, isopropyl (2-propanol) R Alcohol, methyl R to N N NAlcohol, propyl (1-propanol) R NAluminum salts (chloride, R R R

fluoride, hydroxidemetaphosphate sulphate)

Ammonia, gas, dry N NAmmonia, aqueous R RAmmonium salts (acetate, R R

carbonate chloride, fluoride(10%-25%), hydrosulphide, hydroxide metaphosphate nitrate, phosphate sulphate, sulphide, thiocyanate)

Amyl acetate Tech. pure N N Amyl chloride (100%) N NAniline all N N NAqua Regia N N

Barium salts all R CBarium bromide R R Barium carbonate R R Barium chloride N N Beer R R NBenzene pure N N NBenzoic acid (aqueous) all R R RBenzoyl chloride N N Benzyl chloride N N Black liquor-paper R NBleach liquor (12.5% active Cl.) R NBorox R RBoric acid (aqueous) all R RBromine (aqueous) R NBromo ethane N N Butanone N N 2-butoxyethanol R Butyric acetate N N Butyryl chloride N Butyric acid (aqueous) all N N N

Calcium sales (aqueous) R RCalcium hydroxide R RCalcium hypochlorite R R RCalcium chloride R R Calcium bromide R R Carbon disulfide N N Carbon dioxide (wet or dry) R R RCarbon tetrachloride N N NCaustic potash (dry & solution) R RCaustic soda (dry & solution) R RChloracetic acid N NChlorine, gaseous, dry N NChlorine, gaseous, moist N NChlorobenzene N N NChloroform pure N N NCloropropane N N Chromic acid (10%) R N NChromic acid (30%) N N Chromic acid (50%) N NCitric acid, aqueous saturated R R RCod-liver oil R R Copper salts, aqueous R RCopper chloride R

Copper sulphate aqueous all R R Cottonseed oil R R Cresol (100%) N NCyclohexane R C Cyclohexanol C C NCyclohexanone N N NCyclohexylamine N

Dibutyl phthalate pure N Dichlorobenzene N N Dichloroethane N N Diethanolamine R R Diethyl amine N Diethylene glycol R R Diethyl ether N N Dimethyl formamide pure N N Dioctyl phthalate N NDiphenylamine R R

Esters N NEthers N NEthylacetate pure N N 2-ethyoxyethanol N

Fatty acids R RFerric chloride, aq. all R R Ferric & ferrous salts, aq. R RFluorine, wet gas N NFormaldehyde (to 40%) R R RFormic acid aq. (10%-50%) R to N R NFruit juices & pulp all & fructose R NFurtural N NFurturyl alcohol N N

Gas, natural, methane R Gasoline N NGlucose R Glycerine (glycerol) aq. (to 100%) R R Green liquor R R

Heptane R Hydrobromic acid, aq. (up to 20%) R NHydrochloric acid (20%) C C Hydrochloric acid (up to 36%) C N Hydrogen chloride gas wet N N Hydrocyanic acid R RHydrofluoric acid (10%) R NHydrofluoric acid (50%) N N Hydrofluosilicic acid (25%) N Hydrogen peroxide, aq. 10 vols C C Hypochlorous acid R N

Iodine, aq. N NIsobutyl alcohol C N Isobutyronitrite N Isopropyl acetate (100%) N

Kerosene R Ketones N NKraft paper liquor R C

Lactic acid (25) R NLinseed oil N N N

Magnesium salts R RMagnesium carbonate R R Magnesium chloride R R Magnesium sulphate R R Maleic acid aq. (up to 100%) R RMesityl oxide N N 2-methoxyl ethanol C N Methyl acetate N N Methyl chloride N NMethyl cyclohexanone R R Methyl butyl ketone R C Methyl ethyl ketone N N Milk R R RMineral oil R

Nickel salts R RNitric acid (5%) R to C N NNitric acid (20%) C to N N NNitric acid (>70%) N N NNitrobenzene N N

Oils and Fats R NOleic acid R C NOleum N NOlive Oil R Oxalic acid, aq. R R

Palmitic acid (10%) R Paraffin R Pentane N N Perchloric acid, aq. (10%-70%) R NPerchloroethylene N Petroleum (super) N N Petroleum (sour, refined) R NPhenol (5%) C CPhenol N Phosphoric acid (50%) R NPhthalic acid, aq. R R Picric acid, aq. N NPotassium salts R RPropyl alcohol R N

Sewage, residential R Silver salts R RSoap solutions R NSodium bromide R R Sodium carbonate (25%) R R Sodium chloride aq. salt R R Sodium chromate R R Sodium fluoride R R Sodium hydrogen carbonate R R Sodium hydrogen sulfite R R Sodium hydroxide R R Sodium hypochlorite R to N R NSodium nitrate R R Sodium perborate aq. all R R Sodium phosphate aq. saturated R R Sodium salts aq. R RSodium sulphate R R Stannic salts aq. R RStannous chloride R R Stearic acid R RSulfite liquor R CSulfur dioxide, dry N NSulfur dioxide, wet R to N RSulfuric acid (15%) R R Sulfuric acid (50%) R C RSulfuric acid (70%) C NSulfuric acid (>93%) N N N

Tannic acid N NTanning liquor R RTartaric acid, aq. R RTetrahydrofurane N NToluene N NTrichloroethylene pure N NTrichlorobenzene N Triethanolamine R to N R NTriethylene glycol R Trisodium phosphate R Turpentine N N

Uric acid R Urine R R

Vinegar R N

Water, distilled, fresh, mine, R Rsalt, tap

White liquor R NWines R N

Xylene N N N

Zinc chloride R R Zinc salts, aq. all R RZinc stearate R R

NOTE: Chemical resistance data contained in this table is from The Society of PlasticsIndustry, Inc., Plastics Pipe Institute, Technical Report TR 19/10-84, Thermoplastic Pipingfor the Transport of Chemicals.

LEGEND:R = SatisfactoryC = Some AttackN = Unsatisfactory

160F (71.1C)CHEMICAL 120F (48.9C)(Concentration) 73F (23C)



Chemical Resistance of ABS Plastic Pipe


Schedule 40 ABS pipe is primarily used in non-ratedconstruction, such as single-family dwellings. Whenproperly installed in compliance with building andfire codes, it can also be used in fire-rated construc-tion, such as high-rise dwellings.

HIGH SELF-IGNITION POINTLike many building materials, Schedule 40 ABSpipe will burn under certain conditions. It will notspontaneously combust, however heat and firesources are essential. ABS pipe must be heated toover 871F (465C) before it will self-ignite. Incomparison, the types of wood commonly used inhome framing self-ignite around 500F (260C). Inan out-of-control fire, temperatures reach well over1,000F (540C), at which point all combustiblesburn. ABS DWV pipe systems typically representless than 1% of the total combustible products inwood-frame construction.

FLAME SPREAD RESISTANCEFlame spread tests, such as the ASTM E-84 tunneltest, were designed to compare the flame spreadcharacteristics of flat surface materials, such asdraperies and finish materials. Since ABS DWV pip-ing systems are installed behind walls, under floorsand above ceilings, the test is not applicable.However, within a plumbing wall, ABS pipe starts tomelt and collapse long before it burns, preventingflame spread up vertical stacks or along horizontalwaste lines.

FIRE-RATED CONSTRUCTIONWhen properly installed, Schedule 40 ABS DWVsystems are suitable for fire-rated wall, floor andceiling assemblies. According to tests conducted bythe National Bureau of Standards (NBS) anddetailed in NBS Report Number 10342, ABS pipethat penetrates a non-combustible wall will notspread significant amounts of smoke or flamethrough the wall, provided that the pipe is installedcorrectly.

SMOKE AND TOXICITYWhen installed as recommended, Schedule 40 ABSpipe produces little, if any smoke during the earlystages of a fire. If the fire is large enough to destroy abuilding, ABS pipe will burn and produce black smoke.

Like all combustible materials, Schedule 40 ABSpipe releases gaseous products when burned.Although no nationally recognized standard existsfor measuring toxicity, testing indicates that gasesreleased from burning styrene-based plastics, suchas ABS, present no greater hazard than gasesreleased from common building materials, such asthe wood used in wall construction.

Most plumbing codes reinforce building codesprovisions by requiring that all pipe penetrations bemade in such a manner as to protect the integrity offire-rated building walls, floors, and ceilings. Modelbuilding codes specify that ABS pipe must be pro-tected at penetration of fire-rated assemblies by athrough penetration protection assembly that hasbeen tested and rated in accordance with ASTM E814. The important rating is the F rating for thethrough penetration assembly. The F rating mustbe a minimum of the hourly rating of the fire resis-tance-rated assembly which the ABS pipe penetrates.

Various firestop devices and systems are com-mercially available. These products include: caulks,putties, wrap strips, restricting collars, and plasticpipe devices.

SAFE INSTALLATIONTwo of the greatest fire dangers in plumbing comefrom the torch and lead pot, both of which arerequired to install metallic piping. ABS DWV sys-tems dont require either one eliminating a signifi-cant fire hazard.

ABS Pipe Complies with Building and Fire Codes

CONSULTANTS:

Fire Stop Systems, Inc.Nevada702-262-5888California619-287-5888

MANUFACTURERS OF FIRESTOP SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS INCLUDE:

Specified Technologies200 Evans WaySomerville, NJ 088761-800-992-1180

Hilti, Inc.5400 S 122nd E. Ave.Tulsa, OK 741211-800-879-8000

3M Fire Protection Products3M Center, Bldg 207-1SSt. Paul, MN 55144-10001-800-328-1627

The Rectorseal Corporation2001 Spenwick Dr.Houston, TX 770551-800-231-3345

Fire Stop Systems, Inc.1412 Derwent WayDelta, British Columbia V3M6H91-800-810-1788



STORAGE AND HANDLINGYou can store ABS pipe and fittings either inside or out-side. Protect the material from direct sunlight as expo-sure to the sun can cause uneven expansion. Store ABSpipe on a level support to prevent sagging or bending.

Although ABS pipe is tough, resilient and easy tohandle, its softer than metals and more prone to abra-sion. Therefore, do not drag it over rough ground.

MEASURING

Planning ahead is very important when installing ABSpipe and fittings in DWV systems. These systemshave built-in pitch or fall, and require a high degreeof accuracy in laying out and cutting pipe to exactlengths. Errors cannot be rectified with stress, heat or ahammer.

When measuring, be sure to allow for depth of joints.Do not take measurements with dry pipe inserted partway into the dry fitting socket. Rather, measure to thefull depth of the socket.

Because of the fast set time of the solvent cement,it is often advisable to set up the installation dry andmark fittings for position or alignment, before makingup the joint.

CUTTINGYou can cutABS pipewith appropriate pipe cutters, anycrosscut saw or a power sawequipped with a carbide-tip orabrasive blade. Special plastic-pipe cutter wheels are availableto fit standard cutters. You canalso use lightweight, quick-adjusting cutters designed exclusive-ly for plastic piping.

Do not use pipe cutters with dull wheels especiallywheels used previously to cut metal as they will exertexcessive pressure, causing larger shoulders and burrsthat you will need to remove.

ABS pipe requires a square cut for good joint integri-ty. To ensure a square cut, use a power saw on large jobsand a miter box on small jobs. If these are not available,scribe the pipe and cut to the mark.

After cutting ABS pipe, ream it inside and chamfer itoutside to remove burrs, shoulders and ragged edges.

PIPE FITABS pipe is manufactured to close tolerances to ensure

a satisfactory interference fitbetween pipe and socket during assem-bly. Manufacturers design these inter-ference fits right into the sockets ofplastic fittings. Use only combinationsof pipe and sockets that give interfer-ence fits, as loose connections betweenthe two may not properly bond. ABS pipe should enterthe dry fitting socket to between 1/3 and 3/4 of the fit-ting socket depth.

ABS pipe has a higher expansion and contraction ratethan metallic pipe. Under normal circumstances (that is,relatively short runs), this is not an issue. For industrialapplications, with longer runs and higher capacity, itmay be necessary to plan for expansion. Various meth-ods including expansion joints, guides, clamped flexi-ble connectors, hubless couplings and offset pipingarrangements can be employed to control expansionand contraction. Obtain specific information from ABSpipe and fitting manufacturers.

SUPPORTS

ABS pipe should be supported similarly to other pipingsystems using pipe hangers. Avoid hangers that may cutor compress pipe and tight clamps or straps which pre-vent pipe from moving or expanding.

Support piping at intervals of not more than four feet. In addition, support pipe at branches, at changes of direction, and when using large fittings to reduce stress. Although supports should provide free movement,they must restrict upward movement of lateral runs so areverse grade, which could back up the system, is not created on branch piping. Holes made for pipe through framing members must be sized toallow for free movement.

Use supports for vertical piping at each floor level, oras required by expansion/ contraction design. Mid-storyguides can provide greater stability.

EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION IN ABS PIPING SYSTEMSThermal expansion and movement should be allowedfor in all piping installations. ABS piping generallyhas a larger coefficient of expansion than metal pip-ing. However, this does not mean that expansionproblems are a significant concern for ABS pipinginstallations.

Design and installation factors in installed temper-

ABS Pipe Installation Guidelines

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5) Structures of three stories or less generally do notrequire special provisions.

6) Dry DWV vents, installed with reasonable com-pensation for installation versus service tempera-tures, generally do not require special provisions.

It is important to remember that good installationpractices must accompany all of the methodsdescribed above. Support but do not rigidly restrainpiping at branches or changes in direction. Do notanchor pipes rigidly in walls except where controllingthe direction of expansion/contraction. Holes throughconstruction must be adequately sized to allow forfree movement, except where otherwise designed forfire penetration protection. Hangers and straps mustnot compress, distort, cut, or abrade the piping andmust allow free movement. Piping and joints must beproperly installed, so as not to cause stress and strain.

Additional sources of information onexpansion/contraction include the following:

1) Your local plumbing code. The Uniform PlumbingCode (UPC) addresses expansion and contractionis Section 313.2 and Table 3-2, notes 3 & 6. Inaddition, it is addressed in the Installation StandardIS-5. IS-5 offers the following options:

a. Use offsets or changes in direction (24 inches45 degree offset every 30 feet)

b. Use expansion joints in vertical straight runs inexcess of 30 feet.

c. Support, but do not rigidly restrain piping atchanges of direction

d. Do not anchor pipe rigidly in walls

e. Holes through framing members must be ade-quately sized to allow for free movement

2) CSA B181.1-96 BAS Drain, Waste and Vent Pipeand Fittings, Section 4.11 Expansion Joints.

3) The American Society of Plumbing Engineers(ASPE) Data Book, Chapter 5, ThermalExpansion and Contraction.

REDUCING NOISETo reduce ABS pipe noise in DWV systems, followgood plumbing practices. Carefully locate plumbing wallstacks to avoid critical areas, such as living rooms. Use aplumbing wall of adequate thickness to properly

atures versus service temperatures and seasonal tem-perature changes which may cause temperature differ-ences in the piping environment and the waste water.The linear expansion rate for ABS is approximately1/2 in. for each 10 F temperature change for each100 ft. of piping. Regardless of pipe size, the linearrate remains the same.

The majority of ABS pipe installations involve rel-atively short pipe segments where the absolute valueof dimension change (with even large temperaturechange) is not great. In addition, especially for DWV,conditions are usually found that the complete run ofpiping is not warmed at the same time. That is, a vol-ume of hot water enters the pipe and travels to thedischarge end, warming the pipe in a moving wave.

Most installations operate in an environment thathas minimal temperature change piping in the soilor in air conditioned buildings being two major exam-ples. Finally, piping carrying cold water will also seevery little temperature change.

With good installation practices, the followingmethods can be employed to control expansion andcontraction:

1) The use of expansion joints, properly adjusted tocompensate for installation versus service tempera-tures, properly guided and properly anchored.Refer to expansion joint manufacturers installationinstructions and make sure that vertical travel willnot create a negative slope in branch lines.

2) The use of guides (in most instances, propersleeve sizing and alignment) at every other floor,with anchors at the alternate floors for applica-tions involving small temperature changes. As ageneral rule, this method can be employed inbuildings of five stories or less.

3) The use of properly designed offsets with pipingproperly guided through floors. Depending onoperating temperatures encountered, offsets can beutilized as often as every other floor and as seldomas one per building.

4) Clamped flexible connectors or hubless couplings,where permitted by the plumbing code, have beenused satisfactorily. For example, placed in risersbetween floors of tall buildings, expansion andcontraction compensation has been achieved byleaving a 1/8 in. to 3/8 in. gap between the ends ofthe pipe within the flexible connector. This hasbeen the standard method of installation in Europefor many years, where the push-on joining sys-tem is in universal use.


accommodate the system without restriction. Supportpipe properly and ensure that it doesnt touch plaster-board or panel walls to avoid setting up an echo chambereffect. Wrap stacks and piping in critical wall spaceswith sound-deadening material, or pack the wall withinsulation. Use long radius fittings and anchor risersbetween floors and ceilings to prevent noise.

JOININGABS DWV pipeand fittings arejoined with solvent cement that temporarily soften thejoining surfaces. This brief softening period enables youto seat the pipe into the sockets interference fit. Thesoftened surfaces then fuse together and joint strengthdevelops as the solvents evaporate. The resulting joint isstronger than the pipe itself. Because of the conditionsinvolved, its important to move quickly and efficientlywhen joining ABS pipe.

Before you cement a joint, make sure the pipe andfittings are free of dust, dirt, water and oil. To ensureproper alignment in the final assembly, carefully markfor position any fittings to be rolled or otherwisealigned.

When cementing, use only an ABS solvent cementthat meets ASTM Standard D2235. (Be sure to sealcement cans when not in use, as the cement quicklythickens and hardens.) Applicators furnished with thecement are satisfactory, as are ordinary bristle paint-brushes. For fast application, the width of the applicatorshould be at least half the diameter of the pipe.

Apply a light, even coat in the socket of the fitting andon the pipe. Immediately insert the pipe all the way to thesocket bottom and give the pipe a one-quarter turn. Holdthe joint together until a tight set is attained. A proper jointnormally shows a bead around its entire perimeter. Aftersetting, wipe excess cement from the pipe.

Curing time depends on weather, applicationtechnique, the cement being used and the degree ofinterference fit between pipe and fitting.

JOINING TO OTHER MATERIALS

You can join ABS pipe to other sewer materials by usingproper transition adapters or alternative methods, asapproved by local plumbing codes.

Transition joints between ABS and PVC non-pres-sure piping components can be joined with solventcement specified in ASTM D3138. This cement is foruse only at the single transition joint; dont use it to mixABS and PVC pipes and fittings within a system.

ABS pipe with transition fittings can be caulked withlead into cast iron without damage. ABS plastic absorbsheat so slowly that the lead cools before distorting theABS adapter or pipe end. You can also connect ABSpipe to copper with transition fittings.

THREADED CONNECTIONSNever thread or tap Schedule 40 ABSpipe or fittings; instead, use moldedthreaded adapters. Seal threads onlywith listed thread tape or thread lubri-cant. Never use pipe dope: some com-pounds may soften the pipe surface,and under compression, that softeningcan set up internal stress corrosion.

When installing, turn threads astightly as possible by hand. Then, witha strap wrench, further tighten thejoint one full turn. Do not overturn.

UNDERGROUND INSTALLATIONSFor underground installations such as building drains,branch lines and sewers, piping should be uniformlysupported over its entire length on firm, stable material.Start by grading all trenches to eliminate stone andpockets. Then, fill holes with clean fill, and tamp itproperly. Once you have installed the pipe, backfillalong its sides with selected fill and tamp carefully toprotect pipe alignment. Then backfill on top of the pipewith selected fill to a depth of 12 inches. The trenchcan then be filled to the top in the usual manner.

PROTECTION FROM FREEZINGWhen you need to protect trapsand fixtures from freezing, do notuse alcohol or petroleum products.Instead, use only one of the following solutions: Approved plastic pipe antifreeze packaged for this

purpose Sixty percent, by mass, of glycerin in water Twenty-two percent, by mass, of magnesium chloride

in water Strong solutions of common table salt (sodium chloride)

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10 Quick Installation Steps.00Measure pipe from bottom or shoulder ofeach socket into which pipe is to fit.

Ream inside and chamfer outside of pipeto eliminate all burrs. Sand lightly.

Check dry fit of pipe in fitting socket.Pipe should enter fitting socket tobetween 1/3 and 3/4 of the socket depth.Be sure to use only approved types offittings and adapters.

Cut pipe to required length, making sure cut is square.(See page 10 for a listing of proper tools.)

Clean all dirt, moisture, and grease from pipe and fit-ting socket, using a clean, dry cloth.


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Immediately insert pipe into fittingsocket, giving the pipe a one-quarterturn and making sure it goes all the wayto the socket bottom.

Check cement bead around joint. Aproper joint will normally show a beadaround its entire perimeter. Any gapsmay indicate insufficient cement or theuse of light-bodied cement on largerdiameters where heavy-bodied cementwas required. After setting, wipe excesscement from the pipe.

Using a brush or dauber-type device, apply a light coatof ASTM D2235 ABS solvent cement to the inside ofthe fitting socket, using straight, outward strokes. Applysolvent cement to the outside of the pipe in a similarmanner. Time is important at this stage: apply cementquickly and do not allow it to set before the joint is puttogether. Be especially quick when the temperature isover 100F (38C) or humidity is over 60 percent. Alwaysfollow safe-handling practices when using solvent cements:use in a well-ventilated area, avoid skin contact (weargloves) and do not use near heat, sparks or open flame.

Hold the joint together until a tight set is attained.

Dont move the system until the joints have cured(set) at least as long as recommended by the solventmanufacturer. MEK-based solvent cement conformingto ASTM D2235 usually sets up in two minutes atabout 70F (21C), with faster setting at higher temper-atures and slower at lower temperatures. An ABS pipestack can usually be tested within one hour after thelast joint is completed. At this point, a water test canbe done to test the integrity of each joint. Do not airtest, as it is not recommended for ABS pipe systems.Check local code requirements for clarification.


QUESTION:WHAT IS THE FLAME SPREAD RATING FOR ABS PIPE?

ANSWER:Flame spread tests, such as the ASTM E-84 tunnel test, areprimarily designed to test the flame spread characteristics offlat surface materials, such as draperies and finish materials.Since ABS DWV piping systems are installed behind walls,under floors and above ceilings, flame spread tests may notbe as meaningful.

QUESTION:CAN ABS DWV PIPE MEET CODE REQUIRE-MENTS FOR USE IN RETURN AIR PLENUMS?

ANSWER:Most codes require an ASTM E-84 (25/50) flame spreadindex (FSI)/smoke density index (SDI) ratings on materi-als exposed in return air plenums. ABS pipe like othercommonly available plastic DWV pipe must be protectedand shielded from heat and flame in order to pass the(25/50) FS/SD criteria.

There appear to be at least two solutions that a codeofficial could approve:

1) Box out the piping with framing and gypsum wallboard in order to exclude it from the plenum, or

2) Cover the piping with insulation that meets the25/50 requirements and will protect the pipingfrom a fire if one should occur.

QUESTION:HAVE ABS PIPES COVERED WITH INSULATIONMATERIALS BEEN TESTED IN THE ASTM E84TUNNEL BURN TEST FOR FLAME SPREAD (FS)AND SMOKE DENSITY (SD)?

ANSWER:On August 25 and 26, 1999 Southwest Research Instituteran eleven ASTM E84 (Standard Test Method forSurface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials)tests on various types of plastic DWV pipe. The PlasticPipe and Fittings Association retained R. Wilging tomanage the project.

The purpose of these tests was to verify that plasticpipe shielded by 1 inch thick preformed pipe insulation(ASTM D-547 Type 1) can meet the building codeFSI/SDI limits required for materials exposed in returnair plenums. These requirements are a Flame SpreadIndex (FSI) of 25 or less and a Smoke Developed Index(SDI) of 50 or less based on the use of an ASTM E84Test Method. These requirements are typically referredto as 25/50 results in an E84 test.

Four samples of ABS plastic pipe passed with flamespread results ranging from 0.00 to 4.8 (maximum allow-

able is 25) and smoke developed ratings ranging from20.9 to 24.9 (maximum allowable is 50). One sample, a4 cellular core ABS specimen did not pass by a verynarrow margin (53 to 50). The test was successfullyrepeated. The retest showed quite satisfactory results of0.3 and 24.9.

For more information on these tests contact PPFA andask for the article Plastic Piping and the 25/50Requirement by R.C. Wilging.

QUESTION:CAN YOU GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ANOTHERTYPE OF INSULATION PRODUCT MARKETEDFOR USE WITH PLASTIC PIPES IN AIR PLENUMS?

ANSWER:3M markets Plenum Wrap* described in their salesliterature as A high temperature insulation blanketencapsulated with aluminum foil scrim, used as a fire-proof flexible enclosure for plastic pipe in fire-ratedplenums. 3M FireMaster Plenum Wrap can be used toprovide a non combustible rating for pipe applications ina plenum air space for one inch and larger plastic pipesand cables. Contact 3M for more information and avail-ability in your area at 1-800-328 1687.

* Trademark 3M company

QUESTION:WHAT STANDARDS APPLY TO ABS PIPE AND FITTINGS?

ANSWER:A variety of standards published by the following organizations: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Canadian Standards Association (CSA) National Sanitation Foundation International (NSF) Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCAI)

National Plumbing Code International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical

Officials (IAPMO) Uniform Plumbing Code

International Plumbing Code (IPC) Council of America Building Officials (CABO)

One and Two Family Dwelling Code National Association of Plumbing, Heating and

Cooling Contractors (NAPHCC) National Standard Plumbing Code

Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) Standard Plumbing Code

ABS pipe and fittings are also accepted by model codes,including National Plumbing Code and listed by third partycertifiers including CSA, NSF International and IAPMO.

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QUESTION:CAN ABS PIPING BE USED FOR UNDERGROUNDDWV APPLICATIONS?

ANSWER:Yes. ABS pipe when properly installed, can withstand loadsof soil, under slab foundations and high surface loads with-out collapse, cracking or denting.

QUESTION:WHAT KIND OF CHEMICAL RESISTANCE DOES ABSPIPE PROVIDE?

ANSWER:ABS pipe offers excellent chemical resistance in many appli-cations. It is resistant to any solution of ammonium chloride,calcium chloride or sodium hydroxide, all of which are cor-rosive to many metals. ABS pipe is also unaffected by water,aqueous salt solutions, mineral acids and alkalis.

QUESTION:HOW DURABLE IS ABS PIPING?

ANSWER:Super-tough ABS pipe withstands earth loads and shippingdamage. It has excellent resistance to breaking, scratching,chipping and wear, even at low temperatures.

QUESTION:WILL HOT WATER DAMAGE ABS SYSTEMS?

ANSWER:ABS pipe performs in a wide range of temperatures, from -40F to 180F. In addition, it absorbs heat slowly and isunaffected by the high temperatures of water dischargedfrom dishwashers and washing machines.

QUESTION:WILL ABS PIPE RUST OR CORRODE?

ANSWER: ABS pipe does not rot, rust, corrode or collect waste. Itssmooth interior finish ensures superior flow.

QUESTION:ARE THERE COST ADVANTAGES IN USING ABS PIPE?

ANSWER:ABS pipe is not only less expensive than metal pipe, butalso more economical to install, due to a one-step solventcementing process. In addition, it takes less time to rough ina DWV system with ABS pipe than with any other DWVmaterial.

QUESTION:IS ABS PIPE EASY TO INSTALL?

ANSWER:Yes, even for the do-it-yourselfer. ABS pipe is so light-weight that one person can load and unload it. With a one-step solvent cementing process, ABS pipe is easy to join. Itcan also be cut with a variety of readily available tools.

QUESTION:CAN ABS PIPE AND PVC PIPE AND FITTINGS BEUSED WITHIN THE SAME SYSTEM?

ANSWER:Its not recommended. However, ABS pipe and PVC pipeand fittings can be joined when connecting building drain tobuilding sewer materials, if you use proper transitioncement and adapters or other methods as approved by localplumbing codes.

LONG-LASTING SCHEDULE 40 ABS PIPE Sets the standard for DWV applications Is easier and less expensive to install Features superior flow due to smooth interior finish Does not rot, rust, corrode or collect waste Withstands earth loads and shipping

(with proper handling) Resists mechanical damage, even at low temperatures Performs at an operational temperature range of -40F

to 180F Is lightweight (one person can load and unload) Takes less time to rough in than other DWV materials

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PLASTIC PIPE AND FITTINGS ASSOCIATION800 Roosevelt Road, Building C, Suite 20, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137-5833 (630) 858-6540 Fax (630) 790-3095

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