A_2006_In_Depth_Chapter04
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Form Factors and Power Form Factors and Power SuppliesSupplies
In this chapter you will learn:In this chapter you will learn: About different form factors and About different form factors and
computer casescomputer cases How electricity is measuredHow electricity is measured How to protect your computer system How to protect your computer system
against damaging changes in electrical against damaging changes in electrical powerpower
How to troubleshoot electrical problemsHow to troubleshoot electrical problems
Computer Case, Motherboard Computer Case, Motherboard and Power Supply Form and Power Supply Form
Factors-pg.132Factors-pg.132 Form Factor: describes the size, Form Factor: describes the size,
shape and major features of a shape and major features of a hardware componenthardware component
Chassis: another word for computer Chassis: another word for computer casecase
Types of Form Factors-Types of Form Factors-pg.133pg.133
BTX, ATX, LPX, NLX, Backplane BTX, ATX, LPX, NLX, Backplane Systems and the outdated ATXSystems and the outdated ATX
Most Common:Most Common: ATX, MicroATX, BTX and NLXATX, MicroATX, BTX and NLX
AT Form FactorAT Form Factor Sometimes called “Full AT”Sometimes called “Full AT” Measures at 12” x 13.8”Measures at 12” x 13.8” Supplies the system with +5, -5, Supplies the system with +5, -5,
+12, -12 Volts DC+12, -12 Volts DC P8 and P9 Power ConnectorP8 and P9 Power Connector
Baby AT Form Factor pg.134Baby AT Form Factor pg.134 Smaller version of the AT form factorSmaller version of the AT form factor Backwards compatible with the AT Backwards compatible with the AT
form factorform factor Used from 1993 to 1997Used from 1993 to 1997
ATX Form FactorATX Form Factor Most commonly used todayMost commonly used today Developed in 1995 by IntelDeveloped in 1995 by Intel Better position of componentsBetter position of components Reduced potential of EMI (Electro Reduced potential of EMI (Electro
magnetic interference)magnetic interference) Measures 12” x 9.6” so its smaller Measures 12” x 9.6” so its smaller
that an AT motherboardthat an AT motherboard
ATX Form FactorATX Form Factor The first ATX power supplies and The first ATX power supplies and
motherboards used a P1 power motherboards used a P1 power connectorconnector
Provide the computer with: -3, +3, -5, Provide the computer with: -3, +3, -5, +5, -12, +12 volts of DC current+5, -12, +12 volts of DC current
P1 connector uses 20 pins and ATX P1 connector uses 20 pins and ATX ver.2.2 uses 24 pinsver.2.2 uses 24 pins
Power supplies with the extra 4 pins are Power supplies with the extra 4 pins are also called ATX12Valso called ATX12V
MicroATX Form Factor MicroATX Form Factor pg.137pg.137
Variation of the ATXVariation of the ATX Reduces cost by reducing I/O portsReduces cost by reducing I/O ports Smaller power supplySmaller power supply Smaller caseSmaller case
BTX Form FactorBTX Form Factor BTX (Balanced Technology Extended)BTX (Balanced Technology Extended) Designed by Intel to be used by Designed by Intel to be used by
everything big and smalleverything big and small Takes full advantage of SATA, USB Takes full advantage of SATA, USB
2.0 and PCI Express2.0 and PCI Express Use a 24 pin power connectorUse a 24 pin power connector Improved wind tunnel effect pg.138Improved wind tunnel effect pg.138
LXP and Mini-LPX Form LXP and Mini-LPX Form FactorsFactors
Developed by Western DigitalDeveloped by Western Digital One expansion slot with a riser card One expansion slot with a riser card
or bus riser or daughter cardor bus riser or daughter card Uses low profile cases and slim line Uses low profile cases and slim line
casescases Can only use the manufacturers Can only use the manufacturers
power suppliespower supplies
NLX Form FactorNLX Form Factor Low end personal computer Low end personal computer
motherboard developed by Intel in motherboard developed by Intel in 19981998
Improvement over LPXImprovement over LPX
Backplane SystemsBackplane Systems Do not use a true motherboardDo not use a true motherboard Active backplanes contain bus Active backplanes contain bus
connectors, buffer and driver circuitsconnectors, buffer and driver circuits Passive backplanes contain not Passive backplanes contain not
circuitry at allcircuitry at all Used for rack mounted systemsUsed for rack mounted systems Built for easy accessBuilt for easy access
Desktop CasesDesktop Cases Desktop case doubles as a monitor Desktop case doubles as a monitor
standstand Low end desktops: compact cases, Low end desktops: compact cases,
low-profile cases or slim line caseslow-profile cases or slim line cases Use the NLX, LPX and Mini-LPX form Use the NLX, LPX and Mini-LPX form
factorfactor
Tower CasesTower Cases Tower cases can be as high as two Tower cases can be as high as two
feetfeet Often used for serversOften used for servers Good for upgradingGood for upgrading Use the ATX, Mini-ATX and BTX form Use the ATX, Mini-ATX and BTX form
factorsfactors
Notebook CasesNotebook Cases Proprietary- Can only be purchased Proprietary- Can only be purchased
from the vendor. Example: Dell, from the vendor. Example: Dell, Toshiba, Sony etc.Toshiba, Sony etc.
All are different in size and power All are different in size and power supply, no set standards.supply, no set standards.
AC and DCAC and DC AC-Alternating CurrentAC-Alternating Current AC goes back and forth (oscillates) at AC goes back and forth (oscillates) at
60Hz or 60 times in one second60Hz or 60 times in one second Alternates from -110v to +110vAlternates from -110v to +110v
AC and DCAC and DC DC-Direct CurrentDC-Direct Current Travels in only one directionTravels in only one direction Most electronics use DCMost electronics use DC A rectifier converts AC to DC like in a A rectifier converts AC to DC like in a
power supplypower supply A transformer changes the amount of A transformer changes the amount of
current current A power supply uses a rectifier and a A power supply uses a rectifier and a
transformertransformer
Hot, Neutral and Ground Hot, Neutral and Ground pg.144pg.144
Hot-the hot connector is the source Hot-the hot connector is the source of the electricityof the electricity
Neutral-the neutral connectors is the Neutral-the neutral connectors is the path back to the power station for path back to the power station for the electricitythe electricity
Electricity flows from Hot to NeutralElectricity flows from Hot to Neutral Ground is an escape route for out of Ground is an escape route for out of
control electricity like in a shortcontrol electricity like in a short
Hot, Neutral and GroundHot, Neutral and GroundFusesFuses Fuses are rated in AMPSFuses are rated in AMPS They are made to prevent too much They are made to prevent too much
current from flowing through a circuitcurrent from flowing through a circuit
Receptacle TesterReceptacle Tester A receptacle tester is used to verify A receptacle tester is used to verify
that hot, neutral and ground are that hot, neutral and ground are wired correctlywired correctly
Some Common Electrical Some Common Electrical Components pg.146Components pg.146
Transistor- serves as a gate or a Transistor- serves as a gate or a switch for an electrical signal and can switch for an electrical signal and can amplify the flow of electricity.amplify the flow of electricity.
Some Common Electrical Some Common Electrical ComponentsComponents
CapacitorCapacitor- an electronic device that - an electronic device that can hold an electrical charge for a can hold an electrical charge for a period of time and can smooth the period of time and can smooth the uneven flow of electricity through a uneven flow of electricity through a circuit.circuit.
Used in power suppliesUsed in power supplies Can be dangerous even when Can be dangerous even when
unpluggedunplugged
Some Common Electrical Some Common Electrical ComponentsComponents
DiodeDiode-allows electricity to flow in -allows electricity to flow in only one direction.only one direction.
One to four diodes in various One to four diodes in various configurations is called a rectifier and configurations is called a rectifier and is used to convert AC to DCis used to convert AC to DC
Some Common Electrical Some Common Electrical ComponentsComponents
ResistorResistor- a resistor limits the amount - a resistor limits the amount of current that can flow through it.of current that can flow through it.
Used to protect a circuit from over Used to protect a circuit from over loadload
Resistors are color coded to indicate Resistors are color coded to indicate the level of resistance measured in the level of resistance measured in OhmsOhms