A Nordic Example “The Development of Wind Power in Denmark” Presented by Jørgen K. Lemming...
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Transcript of A Nordic Example “The Development of Wind Power in Denmark” Presented by Jørgen K. Lemming...
A Nordic Example
“The Development of Wind Power in Denmark”
Presented by
Jørgen K. LemmingRisø DTU
04/12/2008Riga December 20082 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Content of presentation
•Status for Wind power development in Denmark•Present policy for wind•Early Technology development (from small to large
turbines)•Resources and Mesurement og Wind•Test and certification (safety and quality)• Integration (Grid Access, Wind power and other RE
resources)• Industry (turnover for industry, exports)•Offshore development (large scale)
04/12/2008Riga December 20083 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Status of development
04/12/2008Riga December 20084 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Development of Wind Power in DenmarkNumber of Turbines, Capacity and Production
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
Years
Nu
mb
er,
MW
an
d G
Wh
Turbines
CapacityMW
ProductionGWh
04/12/2008Riga December 20085 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Renewable energy policy
Long term goal•The share of renewable energy must be increased to at least 30% of energy consumption by 2025. (EU goal 20% 2020).
Policy Agreement 2008•The majority of the parties in the Parliament agree that renewable energy should cover 20% of Danish gross energy consumption in 2011. This corresponds to 22.4% renewable energy relative to final energy consumption.
04/12/2008Riga December 20086 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
2008 Energy policy: Better terms for wind turbines
•A renewable energy law to create greater transparency with respect to the legislative framework for the use of renewable energy.
•Better subsidy terms for new onshore wind turbines.•Follow-up of re-powering regulations.•Wind planning in the municipalities, including a green fund for
restoring nature.•10 million DKK guaranteed financing to local wind project
preliminary studies, etc.•Possibility of economic compensation to neighbours for loss
of property value due to new wind turbines.•Possibility of local joint ownership.•New offshore wind parks in 2012; tender for 2 times 200 MW
late 2008.•Action plan for developing offshore wind turbines. •Survey of conditions for small wind turbines.
04/12/2008Riga December 20087 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Danish Subsidy terms for new wind turbines on land
• A replacement of the previous price premium of 0.10 DKK/kWh over the market price with a premium of 0.25 DKK/kWh for 22,000 peak load hours. A wind turbine at an average inland location typically takes about nine years to produce the equivalent of 22,000 peak load hours, whereas one at a good coastal location will take about seven years.
• A continued premium of 0.023 DKK/kWh for compensation for balancing costs, etc. as at present.
• An additional 0.004 DKK/kWh to cover wind turbine owners' contribution to a green fund.
• Scrapping regulations• New turbines will receive the new price premium plus an extra
supplement of 0.08 DKK/kWh for the first 12,000 peak load hours. The new extra premium replaces the current premium of 0.12 DKK/kWh which was adjusted to 0 DKK/kWh in pace with the market price increase from 0.26 to 0.38 DKK/kWh.
04/12/2008Riga December 20088 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Support scheme for offshore wind turbines
Large scale project
•Tender – Cheapest, fastest and most beautiful
•Fixed price in 50.000 full load hours = 10-15 years of production
•Lowest bid for Horns Rev 2 = app. € cent 7 per kWh
•Lowest bid Rødsand II (after re-tendering) app. € cent
8 per kWh
Other projects
•Premium financed as PSO added on top of market price
04/12/2008Riga December 20089 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
New Deployment of Wind Power in DK
• Existing and approved off-shore capacity (1225 MW) = 12% of total electricity consumption in 2012.
• Potentials = 50% of electricity consumption.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
MW
New Wind Power up to 2012
Under construction
Horns Rev II 200 MW 2009
Approved
Rødsand II 200 MW 2011
Re-powering
350 MW
Decided offshore Wind Power
Anholt 400 MW 2012
New Onshore 2011 – 75 MW
New Onshore 2010 – 75 MW
Total new installation of Wind Power up 10 2012: 1300 MW
04/12/2008Riga December 200810 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
EARLY DANISH TECHNOLGY DEVELOPMENT
04/12/2008Riga December 200811 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Askov Test center (Poul La Cour 1897)
•Testing of Wind Elcetricity producing Turbines
•Aerodynamics and wind tunnel for experiments
•Consulting and teaching in Electrification of the Country
04/12/2008Riga December 200812 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
The Gedser wind turbine operated 1958-68 - the ancestor of
The Danish Wind Turbine Concept
3-bladed
up-wind
automatic controls
active yaw
asynchronous generators
1976-1982 - 1. Generation (15-55kW)
Udvikling 1958-82
04/12/2008Riga December 200813 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Risager 30 kW 1978
Development of the modern Wind Turbine
Gedser 200 kW 1959
Tjæreborg
2MW 1985Vestas 3 MW
55 kW
660 kW
2 MW Tvind
04/12/2008Riga December 200814 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Size of Wind Turbines
Hub
height
150 m
100 m
15-20 m
04/12/2008Riga December 200815 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 04 10 15
126 m Ø
12 m Ø
80 m Ø
65 m Ø
?• Size of commercial wind turbines at first market introduction
04/12/2008Riga December 200816 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Made by Henrik Stiesdal, Siemens
04/12/2008Riga December 200817 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
RESOURCES AND MEASUREMENT OF WIND
04/12/2008Riga December 200818 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Wind Resource Map for Denmark
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2 4 6 8 10
Wind speed (m/s)
Po
we
r (
AR
B. U
NIT
)
04/12/2008Riga December 200819 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Short-Term Prediction
Numerical Weather Prediction Prediction model
Online data
•Orography
•Roughness
•Wind farm layout
End user
Prediction of wind
farm output
12-36 hours ahead
04/12/2008Riga December 200820 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
The Høvsøre Test Station and the experimental setup
Research on different types of lidars
04/12/2008Riga December 200821 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
TESTING AND CERTIFICATION
04/12/2008Riga December 200822 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Testing of turbines and Components
Old Risø test site
04/12/2008Riga December 200823 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Test site at Høvsøre
04/12/2008Riga December 200824 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Blade Testing
04/12/2008Riga December 200825 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
History in brief:
•System Approval from 1980 -1991•Type Approval scheme from 1991
• Type approval of wind turbines• Quality assurance• Danish Standard DS 472 on Loads and Safety of
Wind Turbine Constructions•New Approval Scheme based on IEC WT 01 and
international standards (61400-xx) ultimo 2004•New Regulators rules for grid connection July 2004•New rules for small Wind turbines < 5 m2 2007•New rules for Maintenance of turbines
The Danish Technical Certification Scheme for Design, Manufacture and installation of Wind Turbines
04/12/2008Riga December 200826 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
IEC Standards and Technical Specifications and Reports
• IEC 61400-1, ed.3, Safety Requirements• IEC 61400-2, ed. 2, Safety Req of Small WT (< 200m2
rotor)• IEC 61400-3 Safety of Offshore WT• IEC 61400-11 Noise Measurements• IEC 61400-12 Power Curve Measurem. • IEC/TS 61400-13 Strength Measurements• IEC 61400-21 Power Quality• IEC/TS 61400-23 Blade Testing• IEC/TR 61400-24 Lightning Protection
• IEC WT 01 Certification of WT
04/12/2008Riga December 200827 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
New Maintenance and Service Scheme
•After July 1 2008 all turbines in Denmark have to be service by a certified or approved service company according to the specification set by the manufacture. Except very small.
•Owners must report to the Energinet.dk each time a regular service has been carried out and the time for the next.
•Spot checks will be carried out.
04/12/2008Riga December 200828 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
INTEGRATION
04/12/2008Riga December 200829 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
04/12/2008Riga December 200830 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Production record
January 2005 – 1076 GWH ~ 32% of total demand.
41 % in western Denmark
(old Eltra area)
04/12/2008Riga December 200831 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
SYSLAB – Distributed Energy System Laboratory
• Distributed control
– Embedded intelligence
– Self-organizing
• Communication
• Flexibility
– FlexHouse
– Demand response
– Vanadium battery
– Hybrid/Electric car
High wind energy penetration
04/12/2008Riga December 200832 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
DANISH INDUSTRY
04/12/2008Riga December 200833 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Industry activities
•With two large manufactures in Denmark the Danish manufactures still had a large share the world market in 2007 (nearly 30 %).
•The largest manufacture was Vestas selling 4,503 MW in 2007 (22,8 % of the world market)
•Siemens/Bonus sold 1,397 MW in 2007 (7.1 % of the world market).
•The turnover in the wind industry in 2007 was more than 65 billion DDK.
•Nearly all of the production of turbines is exported for a net value of 35 billion DDK.
•Employing in Denmark more than 23,500 people.
04/12/2008Riga December 200834 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Top-10 Suppliers in 2007% of the total market 19,791 MW
GE WIND (US) 16.6%
GAMESA (ES) 15.4% ENERCON (GE) 14.0%
SUZLON (Ind) 10.5%
SIEMENS (DK) 7.1%
Others 10.5% SINOVEL (PRC) 3.4%
NORDEX (GE) 3.4%VESTAS (DK) 22.8%
GOLDWIND (PRC) 4.2%
ACCIONA (ES) 4.4%
Source: BTM Consult ApS - March 2008
04/12/2008Riga December 200835 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT I DENMARK
04/12/2008Riga December 200836 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Offshore development in Denmark
22
11
1. Vindeby 5 MW (1991)
2. Tunø Knob 5 MW (1995)
3. Middelgrunden 40 MW (2001)
4. Horns Rev I 160 MW (2002)
5. Samsoe 23 MW (2003)
6. Roenland 17 MW (2003)
7. Frederikshavn 10.6 MW (2003)
8. Nysted-Roedsand 165 (2003)
9. Grenå 6 MW (?)
10. Horns Rev II, 200 MW (2010)
11. Roedsand II, 200 MW (2011)
88
99
44
66
33
55
77
10
11
04/12/2008Riga December 200837 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Danish Pilot projects
Vindeby1991: 11 x 450kW, 2-3 km off-shore
Tunø Knob1995: 10 x 500kW, 5 -6 km off-shore
Middelgrunden
2001: 20 x 2 MW,
1,5-2,5 km off-shore
04/12/2008Riga December 200838 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Distance to land (Horns Rev 14-20 km, Nysted 8-10 Km)
80 wind turbines
Internal 36 kV cabling
150 kV cabling to major grid on land
Nysted
Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms
04/12/2008Riga December 200839 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Horns Rev 160MW
04/12/2008Riga December 200840 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Horns Rev- 80 møller 160 MW
Photos: ELSAM A/S
04/12/2008Riga December 200841 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Development of new foundation types
A bucket-foundation
A Gravaty
Foundation
A Monopile
04/12/2008Riga December 200842 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Plans for future offshore wind farms• Report on future Offshore
sites • Update of action plan
from 1997• 23 Sites each 44 km2 for
a capacity of 4600 MW Wind Power
• Production 18 TWh, or just over 8% of total energy consumption in Denmark or approximately 50% of Danish electricity consumption
• http://www.ens.dk/graphics/Publikationer/Havvindmoeller/Fremtidens_%20havvindm_UKsummery_aug07.pdf
04/12/2008Riga December 200843 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Thank you for your attention