A History of Tolerance and Peaceful Coexistence

8/14/2019 A History of Tolerance and Peaceful Coexistence

1/32

A History of Tolerance and PeacefulCoexistence

New York

TURKEY


2/32


Eastern Mediterranean

Located on twocontinents, Europe andAsia

Total area 314,500 squaremiles

The second largestcountry in Europe afterRussia

GEOGRAPHY


3/32


POPULATION

Population: 67.5 million

Language: TurkishAlphabet: Latin letters withaccents (,,,,,)


4/32


GOVERNMENT

Legislative power: TheTurkish

Grand National Assembly

Executive power:Presidentand the Council of MinistersJudicial power:Independent

courts and supreme judiciaryor ans

Turkey is democratic, secular and social state governed

by the rule of law; based on the principle of theseparation of powers;

The Turkish Grand NationalAssembly


5/32


ECONOMY

Turkish economy is the

17th

largest economy inthe world

Textile, Automotive

Employment

44% Agriculture, Fishing,Forestry

24% Manufacturing andIndustry

32% Trade and Services


6/32


EDUCATION

Primary Education:

Eight years (6-14 age-group)Compulsory for all citizens

Secondary Education:

Three years (general andvocational-technical high schools)

Primary and secondary education isfree of charge in public schools.


7/32


~100 more Universities all aroundthe nation and numerous vocational

schools.Prominent Universities:Bosphorus UniversityMiddle-East Tech. Univesity (METU)Istanbul Technical University(ITU)

Bilkent UniversityFatih UniversityHigher education institutions chargea certain minimal tuition fee. ( $200-$250 a year)

HIGHEREDUCATION


8/32


HISTORY

Ottoman Empire (1299 1923)

From tiny principality to empire:

The small frontier principality founded by Osman Bey in1299 or 1300 in the environs of St in Eskiehirwould be a century and a half later the magnificentOttoman Empire, which lasted for 623 years.

Conquest of Istanbul: 1453

Ottoman capitals:

Bursa in 1326

Edirne in 1365

stanbul in 1453


9/32


HISTORY

The 16th century is thegolden age of Ottoman

history and culture.The borders of theEmpire extended fromthe Crimea in the North,to Yemen and Sudan inthe South, and from Iran

and The Caspian Sea inthe East to Vienna inthe Northwest andSpain in the Southwest.


10/32


HISTORY

World War I:1914 1918Mondros Armistice : 30 October 1918. Theterritories of the Ottoman Empire were occupied byBritain, France, Russia and Greece.War Of Independence: 1919-1922Lausanne Treaty: July 24, 1923National borders were set; the social, economicindependence and sovereignty of Turkey were

accepted

FOUNDATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY:29 OCTOBER 1923


11/32


Modern turkey

Middle Easts

largest mosque

capacity over

25,000 people

One of six financial

districts in the city ofIstanbul

Ataturk Dam in Southeast TurkeyWorlds 3rd largest completed dam


12/32


MAJOR CITIES

ISTANBUL

KONYAIZMIR

ANKARA

BURSA


13/32


FAMOUSPRODUCTSTurkey has the

First place in the world interms of hard-shell nuts, figand apricot production,

Fourth in fresh vegetables,grape and tobacco production,

Seventh in wheat and cottonproduction.

Turkish delight and helva arefamous throughout the world.


14/32


CARPET (kilim)

The most famous and finestpure silk carpets of the world

are produced in the small townof Hereke, 60 km east ofstanbul


15/32


iNI

Beautiful porcelain artwork of Iznik.


16/32


NATIONALHOLIDAYSTwo major national religious holidays

Ramazan Bayrami (Celebration of the

month of Ramadan)Kurban Bayrami (Commemoration ofProphet Abraham)

Ramazan Bayrami is at the end of themonth of Ramadan (based on lunar

calendar)Kurban Bayrami is in the 11th month oflunar calendar


17/32


Originated in the eastern province ofTurkey Van; also known as theswimming cat

Personality: Extremely intelligent, highlyindependent yet still affectionate to theirhuman charges, enjoys swimming,retrieving games, and even play withtoys.Appearance:

Fur: semi-long haired Color: auburn and white, the red color is

restricted to areas around the ears and onthe tail this rare pattern is known as theVan pattern

Body: long and broad often 3 feet E es: blue, amber and sometimes odd (one

Turkish Van Cat


18/32


Crossroads of civilizationsCappadocia region is theplace where nature andhistory come together mostbeautifully within the world.While geographic events areforming Peribacalar (fairychimneys), during thehistorical period, humanshad carried the signs of

thousand years oldcivilizations with carvinghouses and churches(underground cities) withinthese earth pillars and

decorating them with frisks.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Capadocia.jpg


19/32


Crossroads of civilizations

Ancient city of Troy is located 30 kmsouth west of anakkale province inthe Marmara Region of Turkey.

Nine separate periods of settlement:The earliest dates from five thousand

years ago (3000 B.C.) and the lastcoincided with the late Roman period(400 A.D.).

Famous Trojan wars depicted inHomers epic Iliad took place here at

about 1200 BC. A symbolic woodenhorse at this site commemorates this

Troy


20/32



The ruins of Ephesus is one of the worldsgreatest archaeological sites.In Hellenistic times, Ephesus became themost densely populated city in Anatoliawith a population of more than 200 000.

The city reached the peak of its gloryunder the Roman rule and became a veryimportant centre of trade and commerce.

A majority of the monuments that existnow date to that period.

Ephesus


21/32



The mosaics covering the walls areamong the most important works ofart that have survived to this day of

the Byzantine era

Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya)Constructed by Roman

Emperor Justinian in 537 ADThe largest church in theChristian world for a thousandyears


22/32



St. Nicholas (Santa Claus) was born

in Patara and served as Bishop ofMyra (Demre) on TurkeysMediterranean cost.

The village is home to the famouschurch of St. Nicholas, whichhouses a sarcophagus believed to

be the original tomb of St.


23/32


Crossroads of civilizationsThe House of The Virgin Mary

This holy site a modest stone house

where the Virgin Mary lived her last days is in the Blbl Mountain above Ephesus.

It is believed that St. John brought Mary tothis site after Christs Crucifixion; she livedand died here at the age of 101.

Vatican declared TheHouse of The Virgin Mary aholy site in 1967.


24/32



The most famous monument in both

the Turkish and the Islamic worldsBuilt in the classic Turkisharchitectural style between 1609-1616 by the architect Mehmet

Also known as the BlueMosque because of itsmagnificent interior panelingof more than 20,000 blue and

The Blue Mosque (Sultanahmet Camii)


25/32


Mevlana who is also known as Rumi, was aphilosopher and mystic of Islam.

His doctrine advocates unlimited tolerance, positivereasoning, goodness, charity and awareness throughlove. To him and to his disciples all religions are moreor less truth. Looking with the same eye on Muslim,

Jew and Christian alike, his peaceful and tolerant

teaching has appealed to men of all sects and creeds."Come, come again, whoever you are, come!

Heathen, fire worshipper or idolatrous, come!Come even if you broke your penitence a hundred times,

Ours is the portal of hope, come as you are.

Mevlana (Rumi- MawlAnA JalAl-ad-DnRUmI)

1203-1273


26/32


2007- International Year of RumiRumi was born in 1207 Balkh in what is now

Afganisthan. Balkh was then part of the PersianEmpire the precursor of modern day Iran. Rumispent most of his life living in Turkey and was

buried in Konya, Turkey

To celebrate the 800th birth anniversary ofRumi UNESCO has announced that the year

2007 will be the International Year of Rumi.

During the year special ceremonies andprograms were held over the world to

commemorate this great Muslim scholar andpoet, particularly in Turkey.

Rumi is the best selling poet in the Unites Statesand in most of the English-speaking world.


27/32


Yunus Emre is one of the most significant folk poet in thehistory of Islamic literature, besides being the mostimportant Turkish poet up to the twentieth century. His

poetry embodies the quintessence of Turkish-AnatolianIslamic humanism and has been a source of inspiration inTurkish intellectual life through the ages. UNESCO namedYunus Emre one of the main cultural figures of world, anddedicated 1991 as "The International Yunus Emre

Year".His verses include eloquent specimens of toleranceand universalism:

Yunus Emre

(1238 - 1320)ufi is what they call me,ate is my only enemy.harbour a grudge against none.

o me the whole wide world is one.

Come, let us get to know each other forLet us make life easy on us,Let us be lovers and beloved ones,

The world shall be left to no one.


28/32


Mehmet the ConquerorConquered Byzantine Constantinople in 1453.

Well known for the unusual tolerance with which he treatedhis subjects, especially among the conquered Byzantines.

Appointed the former Patriarch as essentially governor ofthe city.

Established a millet(nation) system which is division ofsociety into communities with each individual or groupbelonging to one millet or another according to religiousaffiliation... Each millet established and maintained its owninstitutions to care for the functions not carried out by theruling class and state, such as education, religion, justiceand social security. The Milletsystem has allowed thedevelopment and maintenance of ethnic identity on the partof minority subjects within the Ottoman Empire.

Greek Orthodox Christians were established as the firstmajor Millet and the Greek Orthodox patriarchal was

recognized within the Milletsystem.

(1432 - 1481)


29/32


Sultan Bayazid II

(1448 - 1512)

Sent out the Ottoman navy to Spain in 1492to safely bring Jews, who were fleeing theSpanish Inquisition, to Ottoman lands.

Sultan Bayazid II's offer of refuge gave newhope to the persecuted Sephardim. In 1492,the Sultan ordered the governors of theprovinces of the Ottoman Empire "not to

refuse the Jews entry or cause themdifficulties, but to receive them cordially";According to Bernard Lewis, "the Jews werenot just permitted to settle in the Ottomanlands, but were encouraged, assisted andsometimes even compelled".


30/32

DID YOU KNOW THAT?Temple of Artemis and the Mausoleum atHalicarnassus, the two of the seven wonders of the

ancient world, are in Turkey.According to legend, Noah's Ark landed on Agri Dagi(Mount Ararat) in Eastern Turkey.

Istanbul's Robert College (established in 1863), isthe first American school outside the United States.

Writing was first used by people in ancient Anatolia.The first clay tablets in the ruins of Assyrian Karum(Merchant Colony date back to 1950 B.C.



31/32

SOMESOME TURKISH WORDSTURKISH WORDS

Merhaba (Hello) Gle Gle (Goodbye) Gnaydn (Good morning) Naslsn? (How are you?)

Hoakal (Bye) Insaallah (God willing, I hope)



32/32

End ofEnd ofPresentationPresentation


A History of Tolerance and Peaceful Coexistence

Documents

Transcript of A History of Tolerance and Peaceful Coexistence