8553984 Communication

8/3/2019 8553984 Communication

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Communication

SALONI NANDA


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Meaning:Communication is the art of transmittinginformation, ideas and attitudes from oneperson to another.

Some Definition:Communication is an exchange of facts,ideas, opinion, emotion by two or morepersons.

-Newman and SummerCommunication is the process by which

information is transmitted betweenindividuals and/or organisation so that anunderstanding response results.

-Peter Little


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Communication means a medium Communication, also, means interactions communication is a process of developing

relationships


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The Evolution ofCommunication Speech shaped the Nomadic Era and the

formation of small groups and camps.

Writing emerged in the Agricultural Ageand made large-scale hierarchiespossible.

Printing spread specialized knowledge inthe bureaucratic Industrial Age.

In the information age era of the NetworkAge, electronic media have shrunk theplanet to global village.


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Words written, &/orspoken

Words account for 7% ofcommunication while the norms ofdelivery (volume, pitch, rhythm, tone,etc.) accounts for approx. 38%......

This means that the:

Perceived Attitude= 55% facialexpressions + 38% paralanguage + 7%verbal


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Verbal

communication

INTERNAL EXTERNAL


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INTERNAL COMMUNICATION

INTRA-PERSONAL

EXTRA-

PERSONAL

INTERPERSONAL

Bye, bye..useless

computer


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EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION

PEOPLE OUTSIDE

THE ORGANIZATION

TELEPHONIC


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Think before you speakThink before you speak

Optimum listening conditionsOptimum listening conditions

Speak clearlySpeak clearly

Be precise and briefBe precise and brief

Be honestBe honest

Watch your tone.Watch your tone.


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Informal communicationInformal communication

It is the pattern of communication basedIt is the pattern of communication basedon friendships, shared personal or careeron friendships, shared personal or careerinterest and proximity between workersinterest and proximity between workers

Basically used to confirm formalBasically used to confirm formalmessagesmessages To fill the gaps if any left by incompleteTo fill the gaps if any left by incomplete

formal messagesformal messages

This is the fastest communication networkThis is the fastest communication networkand less time-consuming.and less time-consuming.

GRAPEVINE i li t l


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GRAPEVINEGRAPEVINE~an integral~an integral

part of informalpart of informal

communicationcommunication GRAPEVINE arises from socialGRAPEVINE arises from socialinteractions,it is asinteractions,it is as

flexible, dynamic and varied asflexible, dynamic and varied aspeople arepeople are

Every organization has an activeEvery organization has an activerumour mill working.rumour mill working.

Grapevine is often looked downGrapevine is often looked down

upon.but in normal businessupon.but in normal businesssituations between 75%-95% ofsituations between 75%-95% ofgrapevine information is correct..grapevine information is correct..

Bosses who chose not to payBosses who chose not to pay

attention to grapevine have 50% lessattention to grapevine have 50% lesscredible information than those whocredible information than those who


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TYPES OF GRAPEVINE CHAINTYPES OF GRAPEVINE CHAIN

Y

C

D

B

A

o SINGLE

STRAND

D

B

E G HI

J

C

A

F

K

E

G

D C

A

C FD

F

HG

G

B

oGOSSIP

CHAIN

o PROBABILITY

CHAIN

o CLUSTER

CHAIN


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THE DARK AND THE BRIGHTSIDE OF GRAPEVINE

MERITS

SPEEDYTRANSMISSION

FEEDBACK VALUEPSYCHOLOGICAL

SATISFACTION

SUPPORT TO OTHER

CHANNELS

DEMERITS

CONTRADICTED

NO CLEAR VIEW

DISTORTS THEINFORMATION

DAMAGES THEREPUTATION


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Nonverbal communication is the

body language, color, smell, or

contact eyes.


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Facial expression

Eye contact.

Paralanguage.

Posture

Gesture

Silence.

Clothing.


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Facial expressions usuallycommunicate emotions.

The expressions tell the

attitudes of thecommunicator.


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Eye contact is the most obvious way you

communicate. When you are looking at

the other person, you show interest.

When you fail to make eye contact, you

give the impression that the other person

is of no importance. Maintain eye contact

about 60% of the time in order to lookinterested, but not aggressive.


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Paralanguage(sometimes called

vocalics) is the study ofnonverbal cues of thevoice. Various acoustic

properties of speechsuch as tone, pitch and

accent, collectivelyknown as prosody, canall give off nonverbalcues.

Examples:

Loudness indicates strength in

Arabic cultures, indicates

confidence and authority to

the Germans and softness

indicates weakness; But it is

opposite to Asian culture.


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Posture is defined as the relative

position or attitude of the body at any

one period of time. Correct posture is

the position in which minimal stress is

applied to your joints. Very oftenpainful conditions of the spine and

extremities can originate in areas of

high stress often precipitated by faulty

postures and musculoskeletalimbalances.


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A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication made

with a part of the body, used

instead of or in combination with

verbal communication. Thelanguage of gesture allows

individuals to express a variety

of feelings and thoughts, from

contempt and hostility toapproval and affection.


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Silence can communicate

Agreement.

Disagreement.

Confusion. Respect.

Sadness.

Thoughtfulness, orany number of

meanings.


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CLOTHINGS

Clothing can reflect cultural

heritage. Example:

Traditional clothing ofGambia

Clothing can reflectsubgroup

identity. Example:

US Army CombatUniform.


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1. Spray and Pray:

Organizational equivalent of a large lecture session.

Managers assume more is better.

2. Tell and Sell:

Restricted set of messages conveyed.

Importance and relevance of message explained.

3. Underscore and Explore: It is a two-way strategy-----Receivers actively participate.

Organizations priorities are included and justification is offered.

Employee feedback is appreciated.


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4. Identify and Reply:

A reactive or defensive strategy.

Employees about prior communications are central focus here.

Employees essentially drive the process .

5. Withhold and Uphold:

Information is viewed as power---- restricted $ rationed.

People are told as, and when the organization thinks its necessary

for them to know.


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Underscore $ Explore

Identify and Reply

Withhold $ Uphold

Spray $ Pray

Tell $ Sell

Great Little

Amount of information transmitted

CommunicationEffectiveness

High

Low


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Barriers to communication can occur if the recipient

has failed to convey the meaning or / and theimportance of the message.

1. Sender breakdown too much information is being sent, so

the recipient misses key points. Also, language can be difficult tounderstand, as it can be too complex.

2. Method breakdown when information is very detailed orcomplicated, then written instructions are better than messages which

can be misinterpreted.

3. Recipient breakdown the recipient deliberately makes achoice to misinterpret the message because of their attitude to either

the sender to the message at hand.


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Other problems with communication could be:Long chain of command.

Language - complex, and hard to understand.

Vague purposenot detailed enough, more explanation required


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Inappropriate medium

(method used, e.g. written, electronically etc).

Red tapemessage gets passed on to many different

people before finally reaching the recipient making theprocess too long and the message changing. Also,

actions can be delayed as a result of a late arrival of

the message.


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Status of two parties can be intimidated

by the other persons status because of their

gender, age etc.

Location distance of recipient or where message has to reach.


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DistractionCommunication channels

breaking up.


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Traditional

Pyramid

Hourglass ClusterVirtual


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# The greatest difference between conventional teams, and

virtual teams is in their LINKS

# Virtual teams work across space, time, and

organizational boundaries, with links strengthened by webs

of communication technology.

# Electronic media are dissolving the historic connection

between physical place and social place.


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8553984 Communication

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