81386636.Chapter 9 Contextualizing Linguistic Input 2012. Powerp
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Transcript of 81386636.Chapter 9 Contextualizing Linguistic Input 2012. Powerp
CONTEXTUALIZING LINGUISTIC INPUT
Beyond methods: Macrostrategies for Language Teaching
B. KUMARAVADIVELU
Context
o Extremely meaningul provides information without which language communication makes little sense.
o Though it is an important concept, its meaning is not clear.
o Halliday and Hassan:
“the joining of realities that make up a context”
Four realities * Linguistic * Extralinguistic * Situational * Extrasituational
Linguistic Context Immediate linguistic environment: grammatical and lexical level within a sentence o between sentences.
Sentence level: the environment helps to identify the meaning of words.
Eg. They own a house on the banks
of the Medina River.
Eg. My salary is paid directly into my bank.
Intersentential level: relations of semantic meaning between sentences in a text (Cohesion). Eg: A: what´s the weatherlike? A: what´s the weather like?
B: It’s quite warm. B: The dog is outside.
cohesive Not cohesive
Extralinguistic contextSuprasegmental features such as stress, intonation, pitch and
key by means of which participants asses other’s intentions.
Eg: Indian and Pakistani women serving in a
cafeteria at a British Airport using falling
intonation to make a polite offer, where a rising
intonation was needed.
A: / /Chicken?
A: / / Chicken?
Situational context
The illocutionary force of the text: WHO, TO WHOM, WHERE,
WHEN, HOW.
Hymes: SPEAKING S etting P articipants E nds A ct sequence COHERENCE K ey I nstrumentalities N orms G enre
Extrasituational context Social, cultural, political and ideological contexts shape
meaning. wider frames of interpretation that vary from culture to
culture.
Eg: “Hello, Margie. How are you? Oh, I see you´ve put on
weight”
A remark with good intentions uttered by a Zambian
to an American friend in a cross-cultural encounter. It is considered unappropiate since it sounds rude where
American cultural values and expectations operate. Results in miscommunication and a clash of conventional
patterns.
Microstrategies for contextualizing
Role play Timeline Cloze Procedures News stories
In closing…Successful language communication is a matter of realities
coming together that make up linguistic, extralinguistic, situational and extrasituational contexts. All of them
contribute to the process of meaning-making.
Then…
Teaching language necessarily demands contextualization of linguistic input.