8. Parasites and DiseasesJournal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Oct., 1972), pp. 805-806Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3243 .

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Abstracts 805

8. PARASITES AND DISEASES

124. Ashton, W. L. G., Boardman, P. L., D'Sa, C. J., Everall, P. H. & Houghton, A. W. J. (1970). Human fascioliasis in Shropshire. Br. med. J. 1970, 3, 500-2.

An outbreak of Fasciola hepatica infection in man was traced to watercress contaminated by infected cattle.

125. Bygrave, A. C. (1971). An outbreak of erysipelas in pheasant poults (Phasianus colchicus). Vet. Rec. 89, 279.

An outbreak of infection in pheasants due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

126. Cox, F. E. G. (1970). Parasitic protozoa of British wild mammals. Mamm. Rev. 1, 1-28. A complete and comprehensive review article.

127. Dunn, J. A. (1969). The colonization by Cavariella aegopodii Scop. of carrot plants of different sizes. Ann. appl. Biol. 63, 318-24.

In experiments in Warwickshire, immigrant alates did not show a preference for carrot plants of any particular size, but settled on the plants in numbers proportional to the area of foliage avail- able to them.

128. Heathcote, G. D. (1969). Cultural factors affecting colonization of sugar beet by different aphid species. Ann. appl. Biol. 63, 330-1.

Observations in Suffolk on sugar-beet crops colonized by Aphis fabae, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae indicated that crops with gaps are more likely to be colonized than uniform ones. Applications of nitrogenous fertilizers or irrigation, both of which make the plants taller, also favour colonization. Early sown crops are usually less heavily infested than late ones.

129. Hooper, R. S. (1970). The recovery of Salmonella dublin from rivers in Anglesey. Vet. Rec. 87, 583-6.

Salmonella dublin was repeatedly isolated from two rivers in Anglesey. The health hazard to cattle (and presumably other wildlife) drinking from these rivers must be severe.

130. Irvin, A. D. (1970). A note on the gastro-intestinal parasites of British hares (Lepus euro- paeus and L. timidus). J. Zool., Lond. 162, 544-6.

Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus sp. and Cittotaenia sp. were recorded from both species of hare. Four species of coccidia were tentatively identified in blue hare (Lepus timidus) material. The pathogenesis of the parasites is considered.

131. Jones, M. E. Hugh- & Wright, P. B. (1970). Studies on the 1967-8 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic. The relation of weather to the spread of disease. J. Hyg., Camb. 68,253-71.

An analysis of the relationship between the foot-and-mouth outbreak and prevailing weather, revealed a less apparent correlation than expected.

132. Lewis, T. (1969). Factors affecting primary patterns of infestation. Ann. appl. Biol. 63, 315-7.

A discussion of the effects of wind obstruction caused by natural topography, artificial wind- breaks or growing plants on the distribution of insects, chiefly aphids, flying above crops, and the number alighting on them.

133. McAllister, H. A. & Keahey, K. K. (1971). Infection of a hedgehog (Erinaceus albiventris) by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Vet. Rec. 89, 280.

Case report.

134. Tan, R. J. S., Davey, G. P. & Smith, J. M. B. (1971). A strain of Mycoplasma from the short-eared European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Res. vet. Sci. 12, 387.

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806 Abstracts

135. Wyatt, I. J. (1970). The distribution of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) on year-round chrysanthe- mums. II. Winter season: the effect of parasitism by Aphidius matricariae Hal. Ann. appl. Biol. 65, 31-41.

The population trends in parasite and host populations following an accidental introduction of the parasite at an estimated density of one per ten plants at planting time in September are described. The aphids were exterminated within 15 weeks, though not before they had become self-limiting. Control was not commercially satisfactory for susceptible varieties of chrysanthemum and the modifications necessary for Aphidius matricariae to be employed for this purpose are discussed.

See also Abstracts 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 17, 18, 19, 35, 81, 96, 142, 151, 159.

9. PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR

136. Almquist, S. (1971). Resistance to desiccation in some dune-living spiders. Oikos, 22, 225-9.

Resistance high, especially among adults. Under windy conditions survival time was shortened and ground-living species survived worse than those living in the vegetation. Increasing relative humidity markedly increased survival time.

137. Burkey, A. J. (1971). Biomass turnover, respiration, and interpopulation variation in the stream limpet Ferrissia rivularis (Say). Ecol. Monogr. 41, 235-51.

In addition to the studies suggested by the title, this paper discusses the phenomenon of reverse acclimation in some poikilotherms, including Ferrissia rivularis.

138. Chestney, R. (1970). Notes on the breeding habits of Common and Sandwich Terns on Scolt Head Island. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 21, 353-63.

The history of the Scolt Head Island National Nature Reserve is given. The behaviour and fluctua- tions in populations of the terns are discussed. An undisturbed breeding area is shown to be of paramount importance for the species. Viable populations of both species exist at Scolt Head and the breeding colony of Sandwich terns is the largest in Britain.

139. Corkhill, P. (1971). Factors affecting Auk attendance in the pre-egg stage. Nature Wales, 12, 258-62.

The alternation of periods of attendance of auks (guillemots, razorbills and puffins) on shore at Skomer Island, with similar periods of absence, during the time between the first seasonal appearance and egg-laying, is examined as a basic rhythm possibly affected by interaction of weather, availability of food and social stimulation.

140. Emden, H. F. van (1969). The differing reactions of Brevicoryne and Myzus to leaf age, turgidity and soluble nitrogen in brassicas. Ann. appl. Biol. 63, 324-6.

When Myzuis persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae were reared on brussels sprouts plants of which the leaves had different soluble-nitrogen contents, the fecundity of both increased with nitrogen dose, but when they were reared on leaves of different ages, M. persicae increased in fecundity on old leaves, whereas B. brassicae decreased. The behaviour of both was fitted by a simple model of a positive response to total soluble nitrogen by the introduction of a leaf-age factor; as soluble nitro- gen decreased with increasing leaf age, aphid performance per unit of soluble nitrogen increased.

141. Ferrar, P. (1969). Interplant movement of apterous aphids with special reference to Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hem., Aphididae). Bull. ent. Res. 58, 653-60.

Apterae confined on plants moved less on cabbage, broccoli and potato than on sugar-beet and broad bean. Adult apterae and fourth-instar nymphs walked with ease on rough field soil and readily located new food plants, by visual attraction.

142. Fisher, R. C. (1971). Aspects of the physiology of endoparasitic Hymenoptera. Biol. Rev. 46, 243-78.

Topics such as host perception and acceptance, synchronization of development of parasitoid and host, and interaction between parasitoids are of particular interest to the insect ecologist.

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