1mitropoliti anania jafariZe

albaneTisa da xunZeTis

saeklesio iurisdiqcia

(albaneTis sakaTalikoso, xunZeTissakaTalikoso)

Tbilisi 2013

2mitropolit anania jafariZis wigni `albaneTisa da xun-ZeTis saeklesio iurisdiqcia~ Seexeba saqarTvelos sapatri-arqos iurisdiqciaSi Semavali qristianuli daRestnis saek-lesio cxovrebas Sua saukuneebSi. wyaroebis CvenebiT aR-moCnda, rom Crdilo kavkasia da daRestani istoriuladdasaxlebuli iyo qarTvelebiTa da qarTuli saeklesio enismqone mravalricxovani mrevliT, romelnic gaerTianebuliiyo xunZeTis sakaTalikosoSi, xolo Tanamedrove azerbaija-nis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qristianuli mosaxleoba gaer-Tianebuli iyo albaneTis sakaTalikosoSi. arabTa dapyro-bis Semdeg albaneTis sakaTalikosom miiRo monofizituriaRmsarebloba, gaZlierda kidec arabTa SemweobiT da SeZloaRmosavleT kaxeTis (Tanamedrove saingilos) Tavis iuris-diqciaSi Seyvana droebiT, romelic gagrZelda TiTqmis XIsaukunemde.

garda amisa wignSi gadmocemulia sxva mravali sakiTxi,romelic sainteresoa mkiTxvelisaTvis.

samecniero redaqtori profesori i. gorgiZe

mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 2013

3albaneTis sakaTalikoso

kavkasiis albaneTs sparselebi, arabebi da sirielebiuwodebdnen arans, qarTvelebi ki rans.

qristeSobamde II saukuneSi albaneTis 26 tomis (stra-boni, geografia, XI, 4, 7) gaerTianebiT warmoiqmna albane-Tis samefo.

strabonma albanelebis gansaxlebis arealad warmoad-gina miwa-wyali moqceuli kavkasionis qedsa da mtkvrisqvemo dinebas Soris kaspiis zRvis sanapiroze (straboni,geografia, XI), Semdgom saukuneTa wyaroebi ar iZleviansaSualebas erTmniSvnelovnad ganisazRvros kavkasiisalbaneTis sazRvrebi, radganac albanelebis gansaxlebisareali mniSvnelovnad Seicvala istoriul albaneTSi mas-quTebis (masagetebis) Casaxlebis Semdeg (ax.w. I-II s.).

I-II saukuneebSi albaneTis ZiriTad nawilSi Casaxle-bulma masquTebma Camoayalibes saxelmwifo, romlisdedaqalaqi iyo q. Coli (Cori). masquTebis dasaxlebissiRrme kaspiis zRvidan mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde aRw-evda. aqamde (aRniSnul mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde) mt-kvris marcxena sanapiros mxridan aRwevda hereTis, xolomarjvena sanapiros mxridan ranis olqis sazRvari.

(plinius mcires mier naxsenebi albanelebis masquTe-bamdeli dedaqalaqi kapalaki axlos mdebareobda kaspiiszRvasTan (Sesabamisad, is ar iyo qalaqi yabala, romelichereTis olqSi mdebareobda). Zv.w. I saukuneSi qarTlissamefom albaneTisgan daibruna hereTi).

masquTebis Casaxlebis Semdeg albanelebis kulturul-politikurma centrebma maTi gansaxlebis ZiriTadi re-gionidan (kaspiispireTidan) ufro Crdilo-dasavleTiT,

4ranisa da hereTis mimarTulebiT, gadmoinacvla. albanTatomebi dasustdnen, maTi sacxovrisis umTavres keradsaqarTvelos sazRvrebTan mdebare Semdegdroindeli raniiqca.

amis Semdgom albaneTad, ZiriTadad, mtkvris marjvenasanapiros miwa-wyali iwoda, romelsac, rogorc iTqva,qarTvelebi rans uwodebdnen.

savaraudod, kaspiiszRvispireTidan migrirebuli al-banelebis Casaxlebamde ranis olqi, msgavsad hereTisa,qarTulenovani tomebiT iyo dasaxlebuli.

am mosazrebis gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva movses xorena-cisa da mis mier damowmebuli agaTangelozis cnobebi, romwmida ninom iqadaga qarTvelTa Soris `vidre masquTeba-mde~.

masquTebamde anu mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde ki ranisada hereTis olqebi mdebareobdnen. Sesabamisad, xorenacisada agaTangelozis cnobebiT isini qarTvelebiT yofiladasaxlebuli jer kidev IV saukuneSi wmida ninos qadagebisdros rogorc aRiniSna, mtkvris marcxena sanapiros qvey-anas mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde hereTi erqva, is ransuSualod esazRvreboda, maT erTmaneTisagan mtkvari hyof-da (hereTi igive yabalas olqia).

mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde qarTvelTa cxovrebisSesaxeb informacias iZleva movses xorenacis aRniSnulicnoba, is wers - `sanatreli nune wavida iqedan, raTa Tavisiadvilgasagebi saubriT qarTvelTa qveynis sxva kuTxeebicdaemoZRvra... man iqadaga saxareba klarjeTidan dawyebulividre alanTa da kaspiis karamde, masquTTa sazRvramde, ro-gorc amas agaTangelozi gauwyebs Sen~ (movses xorenaci,somxeTis istoria, 1984, gv. 172).

5maSasadame, xorenacisa da agaTangelozis cnobiT wm. ni-nom iqadaga masquTebis sazRvramde, anu mtkvar-araqsis Se-sarTavamde (TiTqmis Semdeg droindel Samaxamde), romlisiqiTac masquTebis qveyana mdebareobda.

aRniSnuli wyaroebiT, mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamdeqarTul enovani xalxi cxovrobda, V saukuneSi viTarebamkveTrad Seicvala, radganac regionSi albaneTis deda-qalaqebi bailaqani da partavi-bardavi aigo. am regionisyofil qarTulenovnebas toponimikac miuTiTebs (magal-iTad, saxeli ` bardavi~ saxel ` gardmanidanaa~ nawarmoebi,sityva `gard~ ki qarTvelTa eTnofuZea _ `qarT, gard~.aseve am regionTan mcxovrebi tomis saxeli iyo ` gargar~,romlis saxelic imave fuZe-Ziridan nawarmoebi, SesaZloaes tomi albanizaciamde qarTulenovani iyo).

eTnodemografiuli suraTi, rogorc aRiniSna, Secva-la albaneTis umTavres nawilSi anu kaspiispireTSi mas-quTebis Casaxlebam, albanuri mosaxleoba orad gayo, Zir-iTadi nawili ranis olqSi aRmoCnda dasaxlebuli, mcireki Colis regionSi kavkasiis mTebisaken, maT lfinebs, Wil-bebsa da sxvadasxva saxelebs uwodebdnen satomo niSnismixedviT.

somxuri wyaroebiT albaneTad, mainc, ukve masquTe-biT dasaxlebuli mtkvris marcxena sanapiros qveyana mi-iCneva kaspiispireTidan kavkasiis mTebamde. albaneTissakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia mTel aRniSnul, masquTebi-Ta da aseve eTnikuri albanelebiT dasaxlebul miwa-wy-als moicavda Colis, kaspiispireTisa da ranis regionebisCaTvliT.

qristianobis gavrcelebam xeli Seuwyo aRniSnuli miwa-wylis mravaleTnikuri mosaxleobis konsolidacias. mag-

6ram, es polieTnikuroba iqca mTavar mizezad imisa, rommcdelobaTa miuxedavad ver Camoyalibda da verc ga-vrcelda saerTo albanuri ena da kultura.

tradiciuli gadmocemiT kavkasiaSi erTerT uZvelesalbaneTis eklesiaSi uqadagnia mociqulTa mowafe elises(eliSes). mis Sesaxeb arsebobs ori gadmocema.

pirveli gadmocemis mixedviT albaneTSi qristianobaSevida uSualod ierusalimidan somxeTis gverdis avliTganmanaTlebel eliSes mier, radganac (eliSe) elise iyouflis Zmis iakobis mowafe. es gadmocema miuRebeli gax-da VII s-is Semdeg, rac albaneTis eklesiam TavisTavadobadakarga da somxuri eklesiis nawilad gadaiqca. axaliversiiT `elise iyo somxeTis ganmanaTlebel wmida mo-ciqul Tadeozis mowafe da mxolod Semdeg Sexvda is mo-ciqul iakobs~ _ kerZod, somxeTSi wm. mociqul TadeozisqadagebaTa Semdeg misi mowafe elise ierusalimSi dab-runebula, miuRia kurTxeva episkopos iakobisgan, uflisZmisagan da dabrunebula ukan albaneTSi, sadac Coris cixe-simagresTan qristianuli sarwmunoebis qadageba dauwyia.

orive versias gadmogvcems movses kalankatuacis al-banTa qveynis istoria (I, IV; I 6; III 16; III 23).

`masquTebis mxareSi`` mociquli elise wamebiT aR-srulebula, is iqca albanTa qristianobis simbolod.

III saukuneSi albaneTis qveyana sasanidebis ZalauflebisqveS aRmoCnda.

imJamad, rogorc aRiniSna, istoriuli albaneTis didnawilSi mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavidan (SemdegdroindelSamaxadan) kaspiis zRvamde, masquTebis mxareSi, IV sauku-neSi somxuri wyaroebiT, grigor ganmanaTleblis SviliS-vils grigoriss uqadagnia da masquTTa xeliT mowameo-brivad aRsrulebula.

7grigoriss uwodebdnen iveriisa da albaneTis epi-skoposs.

am wodebasTan dakavSirebiT, unda iTqvas, imJamad mas-quTebis qveynis mosazRvre hereTi da rani jer kidev mi-iCneoda iberiis (iveriis) erTerT nawilad da amitom isiciberiad iwodeboda. am mosazrebas ganamtkicebs isic, romSemdegdroindel hereTis dedofal dinaras rusuliwyaroebi iveriis dedofals uwodebdnen.

am mosazrebis safuZveli, aris movses xorenacis aRniS-nuli cnoba, rom masquTebamde (anu mtkvar-araqsis Sesa-rTavamde) iqadaga wmida ninom. is, rogorc aRiniSna, wer-da, rom wmida ninom qarTvelTa qveynis kuTxeebi damoZRvramasquTTa sazRvramde (movses xorenaci, somxeTis isto-ria, 1984, gv.172), amitomac am regionis (anu mtkvar-araq-sis SesarTavamde mdebare hereTis) SemdegdroindelimmarTveli dinara iveriis dedoflad iwoda, msgavsadhereTis axlo masquTTa Soris mqadagebeli grigorisisa,romelsac iveriisa da albaneTis episkoposi erqva.

albaneTis istorikosi movses kalankatuaci TavisiSromis did nawils uTmobs imis aRweras, rom mis drosmtkvris marjvena sanapiroze mdebare ranis olqSi mde-bare utiki da arcaxi albanuri provinciebi iyvnen.

maStocis epoqaSi, V s-is 10-ian wlebSi albaneTis deda-qalaqi iyo mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze mdebare qalaqifaitakaran-bailakani, sadac mcxovreb gargarelTa ena miRe-bul iqna albanur saliteraturo enad (z. aleqsiZe, alba-nuri mwerlobis Zeglebi sinas mTaze, 1998, gv. 10)

SemdegSi albaneTis mefeebma V s. Sua wlebSi albaneTissaxelmwifos aRdgenisTanave albaneTis axali dedaqala-qi kvlav mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze daafuZnes. kerZod,

8albaneTis mefem vaCe II-m (444-463) albaneTis dedaqalaqi,kulturul-politikuri centri partavi (bardavi-barda)mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze aago. es qalaqi iqca albane-Tis kulturul da politikur centrad, amis gamo Seicv-ala saeklesio-saliteraturo enac. iqauri (e.i. aranuli) enaiqca albanelTa saliteraturo enad (z. aleqsiZe, albanurimwerlobis Zeglebi sinas mTaze, 1998, gv. 11).

sazogadod, albaneTi Tavisi dedaqalaqebiT, saeklesioda kulturis centrebiT mtkvris marjvena sanapirozemdebareobda da albaneTis kaTalikosebi qalaq partavSiisxdnen.

albanuri kultura aseve vrceldeboda q. Colis (der-bendTan) axlos mTianeTSi mcxovreb lfinTa da WilbTaalbanur tomTa Sorisac.

sasanidebis sparseTi yovelmxriv cdilobda regionSiyvelaze msxvili, angariSgasawevi politikuri erTeulis- armeniis mimarT loialuri yofiliyo, am gziT is cdi-lobda rogorme gaevrcelebina zoroastrizmi, Sesabamis-ad isini aRiarebdnen armeniis xelisuflebis mier samxreTkavkasiis sxva patara xalxebis damorCilebis faqts, Tumcaunda iTqvas, rom zoroastrizmi imJamad miuRebeli iyokavkasiis yvela xalxisaTvis.

sparselTa winaaRmdeg samxreT kavkasiis xalxebis 450-451 wlebis didi ajanyebis pirveli etapis Semdeg, ajanye-ba albaneTSi gagrZelda. 457 wels ajanyebulebma daiWiresderbendis anu Colis (Coris) gadasasvleli kaspiispirze,orwliani samxedro moqmedebani sparsTa jarebTandamTavra imiT, rom sparselebma didi Tanxis safasuradCrdilo kavkasiidan gadmoiyvanes huni-onogurebi, rom-lebic SeiWrnen albaneTSi da 462 wels daiwyes xangrZlivi

9omi albaneTTan, 463 wels ajanyeba damarcxda da alba-neTSi samefo xelisufleba gauqmda.

Semdgom albaneTs marTavda sparsi marzapani (movseskalankatuaci, alvanTa qveynis istoria I, 10).

sasanidebis mier albaneTis samefo xelisuflebisgauqmebis Semdeg (462 an 463 w.) rac albaneTSi daarsebu-li iqna samarzapano, masSi Sevida kaspiispira provincie-bi, aseve utiki, arcaxi da utikis CrdiloeTiT mdebareqarTuli miwa-wyalis erTi nawili Tbilisis mimarTulebiT,hereTTan (yabalas regionTan) erTad.

albanTa samefos gauqmebis Semdeg, albaneTis aRniS-nuli sparsi marzapanebic (mefisnacvlebi) 30 wlis man-Zilze mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze isxdnen.

arabobamdel epoqaSic albaneTis ZiriTadi nawili moi-cavda mtkvris marjvena sanapiros qveyanas, es xazgasasme-lia imis gamo rom amJamindeli somxuri, da SesabamisadqarTuli, istoriografia usafuZvlod miiCnevs, romTiTqosda albaneTi mxolod mtkvris marcxena sanapirosqveyanas erqva da mas alaznis xeobaSic ki aTavseben.

vaCe II-s naTesavma vaCagan III (487-510) aRadgina mtkvrismarjvena sanapiroze mdebare albanTa samefo.

vaCagan III-is sikvdilis Semdeg kvlav gauqmebuli iqmnaalbanTa samefo, aq iranma aRadgina albaneTis samarzapa-no, am samarzapanoSi hereTis Seyvanis gamo VI saukunidanqarTuli wyaroebi mTel albaneTs hereTs uwodebdnen.

albaneTi qarTlTan da somxeTTan erTad VI saukuneSisparseTis mmarTvelobis qveS moeqca, VII s. bolosaTvis kiarabebisa.

albaneTSi politikuri upiratesoba moipova utikis(gardmanis) olqma. misi mmarTveli juanSeri (640-680)

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marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobis iyo. misi memkvidrevaraz-Trdatic aseve marTlmadidebeli iyo, amis gamo 705wels is marTlmadideblobis mdevnelma qveynis mpyrobelmaarabebma Tanamdebobidan gadaayenes da arani (anu albane-Ti) xalifatis SemadgenlobaSi uSualod Seiyvanes, ker-Zod saxalifos im politikur administraciul erTeulSi,romelsac armenia erqva, misi centri iyo qalaqi dvini.

dvinis somxuri sakaTalikoso gaZlierda, is axla al-baneTsac akontrolebda, viTarca armeniaSi Semaval erT-erT olqs.

armeniis SemadgenlobaSi albaneTi (arani) darCa TiTq-mis IX saukunis bolomde.

Sesabamisad, arabebma aiZules albaneTis eklesia, rommas somxuri eklesiis aRmsarebloba gaeziarebina, mizeziamisa iyo arabTa xelisuflebis mfarveloba somxuri ek-lesiis mimarT, misi antibizantiuri mimarTulebis gamo.

iqamde, VII saukunis bolos, rogorc movses kalankat-uacis Sromidan Cans, arabulma xelisuflebam albanurieklesia sastikad dasaja probizantiuri anu qalkedoni-kuri mimarTulebisaTvis da is somxur monofizitur ek-lesias daumorCila, amis Semdgom kidev ufro gaRrmavdaalbaneTis mosaxleobis armenizacia da islamizacia.

movses kalankatuaci ase aRwers albaneTis eklesiisTavisTavadobis gauqmebas VII saukunis ambebis aRwerisas -`albaneTis sakaTalikoso taxtze avida qalkedonitinersesi gardmanis (utikis) episkoposi. mas mxars uWerdaalbaneTis qalkedoniti dedofali sparami, varaz-Trda-tis meuRle. somxeTis kaTalikosma eliam am ambis Sety-obinebisTanave nersess arabebTan uCivla. arab xelisu-fals somexTa kaTalikosma miwera - `somxeTi RmerTis

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nebiT arabebs emorCileba da emsaxureba, albanelebi dasomxebi qristianebi arian, magram albanelTa kaTalikosi,romelic partavSi zis, SeuTanxmda berZenTa imperators, ix-seniebs mas locvebSi da albanelTa qveyanas aiZulebs, mi-iRos bizantiuri sarwmunoeba~ (movses kalankatuaci `al-vanTa qveynis istoria~, Zveli somxuridan Targmnili l.davlianiZe-tatiSvilis mier, 1985 w. 139).

somexTa kaTalikosma mouwoda amiras, rom albaneliqalkedonitebi daesaja. amiram saswrafod aRasrulasomexTa kaTalikosisneba.

arabTa amiram somexTa kaTalikoss Seatyobina, rom manalbaneTSi gagzavna didi jari, romelsac nabrZanebi hqondaqalkedoniti albanelebi somxur sarwmunoebaze moeqcia- maT ` ...Cveni xelisuflebisagan gamdgari alvanelebi Tqve-ni sjulis mixedviT simarTleze unda moaqcion~ (iqve, gv.139). radganac, arabebs qalkedonitebi miaCniaT arabTaxelisuflebisagan gandgomilebad, xolo `somxuri sarw-munoebis~ mqoneni TavianT erTgul RvTis kacebad.

Semdeg atyobinebs, rom `Cveni msaxuri Sens winaSe par-tavSi sisruleSi moiyvans sasjels, nersessa da mis Tana-moazre qals rkinis jaWviT gadaabamen da Sercxvenilebssamefo karze moiyvanen, raTa yvelam ixilos meamboxeTaSeuracxyofa~ (iqve, gv. 139).

somexTa kaTalikosi sagangebod Cavida albaneTSi, q.partavSi, dajda mTavar taZarSi da brZana misTvisdasasjelad miegvaraT albanTa kaTalikosi nersesi.SeSinebuli albanelTa kaTalikosi daimala, SemdegSeipyres da miiyvanes somexTa kaTalikosis winaSe. ` mraval-ricxovan SekrebilTa Soris elias winaSe upasuxod idgaubeduri. mefis brZanebiT mas mZime sasjeli gamoutanes:

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gadaabes fexiT fexze im qalTan (utikis dedofal sparamTan)da Soreul qveyanaSi gasagzavnad moamzades, magram veraitana es tanjva da rva dRis Semdeg gardaicvala~ (iqve, gv.140). somexma mRvdlebma albanuri qalkedonituri lit-eratura gaanadgures.

kerZod, arabebma da albaneTSi sagangebod Casulmasomxebma albanTa kaTalikos nersesis qalkedoniturialbanuri wignebi, romliTac savse iyo zanduki, wyalSiCayares.

movses kalankatuaci wers - ` ...nersesis ` wvalebiT~ savsewignebi, romliTac avsebuli iyo zanduki, waiRes da mTli-anad mdinare trtutSi Cayares...~ (iqve, gv. 140).

devnis am epoqaSi, gadarCa mxolod is albanuri wigne-bi da xelnawerebi, romelnic ltolvilma albanelmaqalkedonitma berebma qarTul monastrebSi miitanes. sinasmTis wm. ekaterines monasterSi qarTul xelnawerTa SorisaRmoCenili albanuri xelnawerebi miuTiTebs ara albane-li berebis ` qarTizacia-gaqarTvelebas~, rogorc warmoad-gina batonma z. aleqsiZem, aramed gamoxatavs im process,romlis Sedegadac albaneTidan ltolvili albaneliqalkedoniti berebi TavianTi albanuri xelnawerebiT Tavsafarebdnen qarTul monastrebs, viTarca marTlmadi-deblur kerebs. maT amiT sicocxle gadairCines, winaaRm-deg SemTxvevaSi albanelTa kaTalikos nersesis msgavsadsikvdiliT dasjidnen.

amis Semdeg albanelTa saeklesio krebis monawileebmapiroba dades, rom albaneTis kaTalikosis kurTxeva moxde-boda mxolod somexTa kaTalikosis mier _ `albanTa kaTa-likosis kurTxeva unda moxdes somxeTSi `wmida grigoristaxtze, Tu albaneTis kaTalikosi gabedavs da ar ekurTxebasomxeTSi _ is kaTalikosad ar CaiTvleba~ (iqve, gv. 143).

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SeTanxmeba daido somxuri welTaRricxviT 148, anu 699wels. krebas somexTa kaTalikosi elia Tavmjdomareobda.

aqedan Cans, VII saukunis bolos rogor SeZlo somxurmaeklesiam mTlianad gabatonebuliyo albanur eklesiaze.amis Semdeg albanur eklesiaSi arabTa ZaldatanebiT aikrZa-la qalkedonitoba da albanelebma `somxuri sarwmunoeba~miiRes, rasac Sedegad mohyva albanur eklesiaSi ukve dan-ergili somxurenovani wirva-locvis sruli gabatoneba.albanuri eklesia mTlianad gaiTqvifa somxur eklesiaSi(iqve, gv. 144).

monofiziti movses kalankatuaci CamoTvlis albane-Tis mamamTavrebs. uZvelesi xanidan TavisTavadobis gauqme-bamde. is wers - `...uwindel patriarqTa saqmeni, dro dasaxelebi dakargulan...~ (gv. 168). albanTa ganaTlebis wyaroyofila wmida eliSa, ` Semdeg iyo yrma grigorisi, somexTaganmanaTleblis grigoris SviliSvili~...; ` ...Seqmna netarmamesropma alvanuri damwerloba. manve didi Sromis Sede-gad anbani misca somxebsa da qarTvelebs. Semdeg iyo ufa-li abasi, romelmac somxuri welTaRricxvis dasawyisSisapatriarqo taxti Coridan partavSi gadaitana... misidroidan Cveulebad iqca daeweraT aseTi pativi: `alvan-Ta, lfinTa da Coris kaTalikosi~. dvinis krebidan mas miu-TiTes, raTa eRiarebina mxolod erTbunebianoba qriste-si...~ (gv. 168). ` ufali viro... man xazari SaTis tyveobidangaaTavisufla somxebi, qarTvelebi da alvanelebi... ufa-li zaqaria... (man) siunqis episkoposad akurTxa vinmevrTanesi, rac moxda somexTa nebis gareSe~ (gv. 168). ` ufalinersesi... mas goneba aeria, moindoma alvanelTa keTil-Sobili saxli somexTagan CamoeSorebina da qalkedoni-turi rwmenisaTvis daemorCilebina~. `ufalma miqaelma

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daswyevla agreTve qarTvelTa mwyemsi Talale, radganacman neba darTo ukanono qorwinebas~. `ufali samueli...man TviTon, xeldasxmis gareSe miiRo samamamTavro pativi,ris gamoc ganTavisuflebul iqna. xelmeored xeldasxmamiiRo somexTa kaTalikos georgisagan dvinSi. ufali iu-nani... kaTalikos georgis daukiTxavad mivida alvaneTSida xeldasxmac mis gareSe miiRo, Semdeg TviTon georgmaxelmeored akurTxa is~ (iqve, gv. 170). aq `qarTvelebad~herebi iwodebian, romelnic mtkvris marcxena sanapirozecxovrobdnen, xolo alvanelebi (albanebi) ZiriTadadmtkvris marjvena sanapiroze cxovrobdnen (maT mopirda-pire mxares), utiksa, arcaxsa da sxva olqebSi (ranSi).albanTa armenizacia swrafi tempiT warimarTa arabTadros, mas Tan daerTo mosaxleobis islamizacia. utikelTaanu udielTa mcirericxovani naSTebi, mcirericxovanimosaxleoba, amJamad udinebad (rusuli formiT `ud-in~)iwodebian, isini kavkasiasa da yofili sabWoTa kavSirissxvadasxva regionebSi cxovroben, maT Soris saqarT-veloSic.

albaneTis qalaqebSi bardavSi, derbendSi da SemaxaSiarabTa garnizonebi Cadga, amiT albaneTis islamizaciaufro gaZlierda, Sesabamisad IX-X saukuneebisaTvis gan-jasa da bardaSi arabuli muslimanuri saamiroebi war-moiqmna. IX saukuneSi Camoyalibda Sirvan-Sahebis saxelm-wifo, xolo mtkvris samxreTiT arsebobas ganagrZobdnenalbaneTis ukve armenizebuli olqebis samTavroebi - fari-sosSi, xarCensa da sxvagan.

aseT rTul dros hereTi qristianobas inarCunebda,Tumca aramarTlmadideblurs, viTarca arabTa albanurolqSi Semavali erTerTi qveyana.

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rogorc aRiniSna, hereTi mdebareobda mtkvris marcxe-na sanapiroze varTaSenidan (masTan mdebare punqt gulgu-la-filfiladan) vidre mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde (masaseve yabalas olqi ewodeba) ranis mopirdapire mxares. amor olqs (e.i. ransa da hereTs) erTmaneTisagan md. mtk-vari aSorebda da maT erTmaneTTan mWidro politikurikavSiri hqondaT.

kavkasiaSi xuramitebis (816-837) ajanyebis damarcxeb-is Semdgom, ajanyebis meTauri babegi hereTis mmarTvelmaSeipyro da gadasca arabul xelisuflebas, madlierebisniSnad xalifam hereTis mmarTveli ranis mmarTveladacdaniSna, rani da hereTi amis Semdgom gaerTiandnen.

movses kalankatuaci wers - mTavar sahl smbatians 837wels ` ...samefodan didi jildo ergo. mas uwyalobes somxe-Tis, iberiisa da alvaneTis mTliani gamgebloba mTavrisuflebiT~ (iqve, gv. 161). rogorc iTqva, aq `iberiis~ qveShereTi igulisxmeba.

hereTis mmarTvelis memkvidrem hamamma 893 wels mi-iRo ranis anu albanTa mefis tituli, mas qarTuli wyaroe-bi `hereTis mefes~ uwodeben, is marTavda mtkvris orivesanapiros qveynebs, hereTsa da rans, magram albanTa me-fis titulze Tavis pretenzias aseve acxadebda xaCenissamTavros meTauri, romelic anisel bagrationebs eqvem-debareboda. albanTa mefis titulze pretenziebs aseveacxadebdnen lore-taSiris mmarTveli kvirikianebic.

hereT-ranis dedofalma dinaram X saukuneSi Tavisiqristianuli mosaxleoba gaaTavisufla somxuri eklesi-is iurisdiqciisagan da daubruna qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs_ marTlmadideblobas.

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X saukuneSi, rogorc iTqva, volgisa da kaspiis zRvisgavliT molaSqre rusulma druJinam ramdenjerme moaRwiahereTamde da ranis dedaqalaq bardamde. am rusul druJi-nasa da mis molaSqreebs hereTSi Sexvda marTlmadidebe-li mosaxleoba, amitomac rusuli wyaroebi aRniSnul ran-hereTis dedofal dinaras moixsenieben viTarca iveriismarTlmadidebel mmarTvels, romelmac Tavis qveyanaSisarwmunoeba aaRorZina, rusul wyaroebSi dinaras iveri-is dedoflad moxsenieba miuTiTebs imis Sesaxeb, rom here-Ti anu mtkvris marcxena sanapiros qveyana qarTuleno-vani iyo da amitomac is Sesabamisad iveriad ganixilebo-da (mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqu-lo eklesiis istoria, t. II. 2012, gv. 178).

[(mtkvris marcxena anu ` mtkvris iqiTa~ sanapiros qvey-nis qarTulenovnebas miuTiTebs aseve strabonis cnoba.straboni `mtkvris iqiTa~, anu marcxena sanapiros qvey-anas gogarenes, iberebis istoriul teritoriad miiCnevs,romelic pariadres kalTebTan da xorZenesTan erTadqristeSobamde II saukuneSi armeniam CamoarTva iberebs.straboni wers - `mogviTxroben, rom warsulSi armeniispatara qveyana gafarTovda artaqsiasa da zariadrias omeb-is Sedegad. isini iyvnen antioq didis mxedarTmTavrebi, misidamarcxebis Semdeg ki mefeebi gaxdnen. maT erTad gaafar-Toves TavianTi samflobelo, CamoaWres ra irgvliv mcx-ovreb xalxebs olqebi, kerZod, ...iberebisagan miitaces par-iadres mTiswineTi, xorZene da gogarene, romelic kirismeore mxaresaa, xalibebs da mosinikebs CamoaWres karenitida qserqsene, mcire armeniis mosazRvre nawilebi~ (stra-boni, geografia, XI, 14, 5). strabonis gogarene mtkvrismarcxena sanapiroze anu ` kiris meore mxares~ mdebareob-

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da, misgan gansxvavebiT, somxur wyaroebSi xSirad naxsene-bi gugarqi ZiriTadad mtkvris marjvena sanapiros qvey-nebs moicavda. gogarene da gugarqi sxvadasxva olqebiiyvnen, Tumca isini erTi, qarTveli, xalxiT iyvnen dasax-lebulni. strabonis cnobidan gamomdinareG qarTuliwyaroebis yabalas olqi gogarenes Seesabameba, rogorciTqva, hereTi mdebareobda vidre md. TeTrwylamde (aR-sumde) mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, is, sxva qarTul mi-webTan erTad ucxoelTa mier iveriad iwodeboda Tumca,gansaxilvel dros xSirad albaneTSi Sedioda)].

IX saukunis Semdgom, saxalifos mxardaWeris gamo,hereT-ranis samefo gaZlierda, SeZlo mezobeli olqebisdamorCileba.

IX saukuneSi gaZlierebulma hereTis samefom SeZlomieerTebina kaxeTis mniSvnelovani punqtebi alaznismarcxena sanapiros mxares (Tanamedrove saingilo da misimomijnave soflebi) da aseve zogierTi punqti alaznismarjvena mxares.

X saukuneSi kaxeTis samTavrom ukan daibruna is cixe-simagreebi da soflebi, romelnic misgan hereTis same-fom miitaca.

XI saukunis dasawyisSi 1010 wlisaTvis warmoiqmna kax-eTisa da hereTis gaerTianebuli samefo, romelic 1104wels SemouerTa daviT aRmaSenebelma gaerTianebulsaqarTvelos.

saqarTvelos samefos 1118 wels SemouerTa taSir-Zor-agetic da saqarTvelos mefem miiRo tituli afxazTa,qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa mefisa, is aseve iyoSahanSa da SirvanSa (SirvanSahi). am titulaturaSi ransSeesabameba gafarToebis Semdegdroindeli hereTi.

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mtkvris marjvena sanapiros qveynebi kvlav darCa somx-uri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, ramac gamoiwvia iqauri mo-saxleobis sruli armenizacia. xaCenis, arcaxisa da utikisalbanuri olqebi sabolood gasomxdnen.

marjvena sanapiros mosaxleoba aseve ganicdida islam-izacias kaspiispireTis mosaxleobasTan erTad, amis gamoalbaneTi ZiriTadad muslimanur qveynad gadaiqca, misiqristianuli mosaxleoba somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqcia-Si moeqca.

e.w. albaneTis ` iveriis~ anu hereTis mcxovrebni qarTu-li eklesiis wiaRSi gaerTiandnen. saqarTvelosTan `al-baneTis iveriis~ sazRvari gadioda, qalaq yabalasa da var-daSens Sua qedze, romelsac amJamadac `qarTvelTa mTa~(gurji daRi) ewodeba. Semdeg droindeli Saqi am mTa-qedismarcxena mxares mdebareobda (Saqis olqi, imJamad iyo kax-eTSi Semavali miwa-wyali). es mTa (`gurji daRi~) erTmane-Tisagan yofda kaxeTsa da hereTs.

aRniSnuli ` qarTvelTa mTis~ marjvniv mdebare yabal-as olqs, rogorc iTqva, hereTi erqva.

hereTi iwyeboda am mTis axlo sofel filfilasTan(Zveli gulgula, leonti mrovelis mier naxsenebi punqtimdebareobda aq, da ara TelavTan) da grZeldeboda mdinareTeTrwylamde, anu aRsumde.

hereTi albaneTis SemadgenlobaSi mudmivad ar Sedio-da, is, ufro xSirad, qarTlis samefos erTerT saeri-sTavos warmoadgenda, mizezi amisa iyo is, rom albaneTismosaxleoba iyo mravaleTnikuri. albaneTSi agreTvecxovrobdnen masquTebi, sujebi, gelebi, utielebi, lfi-nebi, Wilbebi da sxva tomebi, isini sxvadasxva enazesaubrobdnen.

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rogorc aRiniSna, IV-V saukuneebSi albanuri saliter-aturo ena mtkvris marjvena sanapiros tomebis metyveleb-is Sesabamisad aigo. kerZod, albanuri saliteraturo enajer gargarelTa dialeqts daefuZna, Semdeg ki bardis(utikis) regionisas, aqedanac Cans, rom albaneTis sakaTa-likosos iurisdiqciis ZiriTadi teritoria mtkvris mar-jvena sanapiros regioni iyo (da ara marcxena sanapirosi,rogorc Tanamedrove somxur saistorio mecnierebaSimiiCneven, marTlac rani da arani mtkvris marjvena sana-piros qveynebs erqva).

(sabWoTa epoqis qarTul istoriografiaSi somxuri XIX-XX ss. istoriografiis gavleniT, dasabuTebis gareSe,albaneTad ganixilavdnen kaxeTis miwa-wyals sofel al-vanidan mtkvar-alaznis SesarTavamde. amasTanave, imJamadgavrcelda mtkiceba, TiTqosda saxeli sofel alvanisaalvaneTis (albaneTis) qveynis saxelidan momdinareobs.sinamdvileSi ki, saxeli alvani mcenare alvis saxelidanaanawarmoebi da mas araferi akavSirebs ran-aran-alba-neTTan).

V saukuneSi Camoyalibebuli albaneTis sakaTalikosomTavisTavadoba dakarga VII saukuneSi da is somxuri ek-lesiis nawilad gadaiqca. albaneTis mosaxleobamac ar-menizaciis Sedegad erovnuli identoba dakarga, amasTanavexdeboda misi islamizacia.

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saqarTvelos kaTalikosiCeCneT-daRestansa da Saq-SirvanSi

saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcia moicavda vrcelmiwa-wyals, maT Soris Crdilo kavkasias. amis Sesaxeb gva-qvs, rogorc werilobiTi, ise materialuri wyaroebi.

gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi e.w. maRalaSviliseulisaxarebis minaweri. am minaweridan Cans, rom 1310 welssruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs eqvTimesmouxilavs Tavisi samwyso kaxeTsa da Crdilo-aRmosav-leT kavkasiaSi.

maRalaSvilis saxarebis 1310 (sxva kvleviT 1318) wlisminaweri:

`q. odes sanatrelman man patriarqman Cvenman eqvTimemoixila kaxeTs: anwuxisa saepiskopozo da mieriTgan gad-movida waxurs, kakelisens da movlo saydarni: kasri samebi-sa, yumi RmrTismSoblisa, leqarTis wmidisa mociqulTa swo-risa ninoisi, zars wmidisa mTavarmowamisa giorgisi, var-dians wmidisa aboisi, ganuxs arCilisi, qiS-nuxs _ RmrTis-mSoblisai, varTaSens eliasi, Ta(ba)sarans yovladwmidisamociqulisa petresi, kualad saydarni xunZTa, naxCTa, ToSe-Tisa, nekresisa, lagoeTisa, belaqanisa, maj-fifineTisa,ferijan-muxax-mamreTisa da yovlis vakisa, ese igi ars Zve-li movakanisa da elisenisa, verxvianiT zeganiT gamo ivrismdinaris CasarTavamde alaznisa da aman sanatrelman eqv-Time mibrZana qurmuxisa mTavarepiskopossa da yovlisamTiuleTisa winamZRvrisa kvirile donaursa gardawerine-bad saxarebisa da wargzavnad TiToeulisaTvis eklesiisa.meca gardavawerinen kakisa wmidisa barbares taZrisa mRvde-lsa iase qitiaSvilsa da aTormetTa misTa mowafeTa da

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warvgzavnen saydarTa, monasterTa da SvidTa saswavlebel-Ta Tavs-mdgomTadmi da vubrZane swavlebad sjuli WeSma-riti da filasofosoba, mamaTa cxovreba `qarTlis cxovre-ba, da cxovreba alvaniisa, ese igi ars savaniisa, romel da-wera petre lagaZeman da vinme somexma ga(...) igi da sakuTrivdawerilad gamoacxada da somexTac advilad iwames Cve-ulebisamebr~ (k. kekeliZe etiudebi, II, 1941, gv. 314-315).

aRniSnul minawerSi CamoTvlilia saqarTvelos patri-arqma kaxeTSi romeli samrevloebi moinaxula.

eseni yofilan:

1. anwuxis saepiskoposo;

2. waxuris regioni (igive wuqeTi, waxeTi);

3. kakeliseni, sadac man moiloca (qalaq an sofel)kasris yovladwminda samebis eklesia, yumis yovladwmidaRvTismSoblis eklesia, sofel leqarTis mociqulTasworwminda ninos eklesia, sofel zaris mTavarmowame wmidagiorgis eklesia, sofel vardianis wminda abos eklesia,sofel ganuxSi wminda mowame arCilis eklesia, sofelqiSnuxSi yovladwminda RvTismSoblis eklesia, sofelvarTaSenSi wminda elias eklesia;

4. tabasarani (misi saxeli minawerSi asoebnaklulia).patriarqs am regionSi mociqul petres eklesia moulo-cavs (esaa eklesia daRestnis tabasaranisa).

tabasaranis garda, patriarqs mouxilavs aseve sxvaqarTuli eklesiebi, romlebiTac mofenili iyo vrceliregionebi:

5. xunZeTi;

6. naxCeTi;

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7. TuSeTi;maT Semdeg mouxilavs eklesiebi kvlav kaxeTSi:

8. nekresi, lagoeTi, belaqani, maj-fifineTi, ferijan-muxax-mamreTi; maT Semdeg kvlav gaugrZelebia gza damouxilavs vrceli regionebi:

9. movakani anu vake;

10. eliseni (teritoria verxvianis zeganidan mdinareior-alaznis SesarTavamde).

Cans zemoT CamoTvlili geografiuli erTeulebis metinawili kaxeTSi Sedioda da ekuTvnoda qurmuxis mTavar-episkoposis eparqias.

qurmuxis mTavarepiskoposs aseve ewodeboda ` yovlisamTiuleTisa winamZRvari~.

mis sagamgebloSi Sedioda ` yoveli mTiuleTis~ eklesie-bi, rogorc CamovTvaleT eseni yofilan waxuri, kakelis-eni, tabasarani daRestanSi, iqve xunZeTi, naxCeTi, aseveTuSeTi da sxva zemoT CamoTvlili kaxeTis soflebi, maTSoris aseve moxsenebulia anwuxis saepiskoposo, aseve ne-kresi sadac SesaZloa episkoposi ijda.

qurmuxis mTavarepiskoposs kirile donaurs dauva-lebia (qalaq) kakis wminda barbares taZris mRvdlisaTvisiase qitiaSvilisaTvis yvela zemoT CamoTvlil eklesiaSigaegzavna wminda saxarebis wigni.

kakis wminda barbares taZris mRvdels Tavis samwer-loboSi Seukrebia Tavisi Tormeti mowafe, romelTac ga-dauweriaT am eklesiebisaTvis wminda saxarebis wignebi.

Semdgom es wignebi gaugzavniaT aRniSnuli regioniseklesiebsa, monastrebsa da saswavleblebSi.

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kerZod, qurmuxis mTavarepiskoposs am mTian mxareeb-Si hqonia Svidi saswavlebeli. maT reqtorebs ewodeboda- `Tavsmdgomni~.

am ukanasknelT (Tavsmdgomebs) mTavarepiskoposma ubr-Zana moswavleebisaTvis eswavlebinaT:

1. ` Sjuli WeSmariti~ anu wminda werili da katexizmo;2. filosofia;3. mamaTa cxovreba anu patrologia;4. qarTlis cxovreba anu saqarTvelosa da misi ekle-

siis istoria;5. saistorio wignTagan alvanis anu albaneTis isto-

ria, albaneTs aq ewodeba `alvania ese igi arss savania~.alvaniis istoria dauweria vinme petre lagaZes da

Semdeg misi es Txzuleba romeliRac somex plagiatorsmiusakuTrebia da gauryvnia (daumaxinjebia) Tavisi Sexedu-lebis mixedviT _ `sakuTriv dawerilad gamoacxada dasomexTac advilad iwames Cveulebisamebr~ (iqve, gv. 17).

ganvixiloT Tu sad mdebareobdnen CamoTvlili pun-qtebi:

1. anwuxianwuxi mdebareobda daRestanSi, mdinareebis andisa da

avariis koisus xeobebSi, Tanamedrove buinakisa da xas-aviurtis raionebSi. amJamad anwuxTa Temi Sedis avari-elebis tomSi.

avarielebad iTvlebian _ anwuxebi, inxoelebi, kukine-bi, siuxebi da tindelebi, wyaros mixedviT 1310 wlisaTvisanwuxi kaxeTSi Sedioda. anwuxSi yofila saepiskoposo,maSasadame im droisaTvis anwuxelebi iyvnen kargi qris-tianebi da imdenad mravali samrevlo da eklesia hqoniaTrom isini erT eparqiad gauerTianebiaT anwuxis saepisko-

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posoSi, romelic Tavis mxriv saqarTvelos sapatriarqo-Si Sedioda.

mkvlevar fatimaT taxnaevas sityiT ` avariul soflebSiSemonaxulia gadmocema, romlis Tanaxmadac aulebis axlomdebare mravalricxovani nasoflarebi da naqalaqarebiZvelad dasaxlebuli iyo qristianebiT. zogierT SemTxveva-Si am qristianebs `qarTvelebad~ moixsenieben~ (f. taxnae-va, qristianuli kultura SuasaukuneTa avariaSi (VII-XVIss.) politikuri istoriis rekonstruqciis konteqstSi,rus. enaze, http:||www.Krotov.info|histori, gv.1).

adgilobrivi avariuli saxalxo gadmocemebi imisSesaxeb, rom avaria Tavdapirvelad qristianebiTa daqarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli ganamtkica arcTu didixnis aRmoCenilma arabulenovanma wyarom, romelsac ` irx-anis istoria~ ewodeba. is moRweulia oTxi xelnaweriT,maTgan zogierTi xelnaweri CarTulia meore wyaroSi,romelsac `derbend-name~ ewodeba.

es xelnawerebi asaxaven daRestnis istoriis Temur-lengis Semdgom periods.

irxanis istoriaSi asaxulia daRestnis sxvadasxva sof-lebisa da olqebis istoria.

qarTvelebis daRestanSi cxovrebas Seexeba misi ramde-nime muxli, magaliTad, xelnawerSia: _ ` mcxovrebni olq xi-dalisa [olqi xidi] _ iyvnen qarTvelebi~ (irxanis istoria,www.volistil.info|texsts|Dokumenty|Kavkaz|VI|Dag-sron|ist, gv.1|6).

am xelnaweris komentarebSi ganmartebulia, rom nagu-lisxmebia gidatelis Temi, romelsac amJamad uWiravs erTinawili raioni `sovetskoesi~.

amave irxanis istoriaSi naxsenebia qristianuli Tavda-deba im `Tavadebisa da aznaurebisa~, romelTac qriste-

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sTvis sisxli daRvares da Tavi dades musulmanebis Sete-visas sofel xirkasis citadelis, (cixe-simagris) dacvi-sas.

xelnawerSia _ `Semdeg gaimarTa SebrZoleba xirkasSi,romelic mTeli kvira gagrZelda. sofeli aRebul iqna, ma-gram darCa auRebeli erTi kvartali, soflis zemo nawil-Si, sadac maTi raisebi da emirebi _ Tavatiilebi da aznau-ralebi iyvnen gamagrebulebi. musulmanebma ori Tvis man-Zilze ver SeZles am gamagrebuli kvartalis aReba. sab-olood is aRebuli iqna uzenaesi alahis, msoflios xelm-wifis SemweobiT. musulmanebma yvela daxoces vinc iq Sexv-daT, maTi gamoklebiT vinc islami miiRo~ (iqve, gv. 4|6).

xirkasis anu sof. arkasis zemo nawilSi SemorCeniliaSTambeWdavi zomebis citadeli, romelic XIV saukunemdearsebobda, am naSTebs naqalaqars uwodeben (ix. ataevi,arkasis naqalaqari).

msgavsi ` emirebi da raisebi~ (anu ` Tavatiilebi da azn-auralebi~ _ Tavadebi da aznaurebi) xirkasis momdevnosofel irxanSic yofilan da isini iqac medgrad ibrZod-nen qristesTvis musulmanebis winaaRmdeg, amitomac amsoflelebma roca Seityves Tu rogori sisastikiTamoxoces mebrZoli qristianebi sxva soflebSi, daxocesTavianTi emirebi da raisebi, da miiRes islami. xolo irx-anis sulTani gaiqca kilbaxis olqSi, sadac qristianebieguleboda, magram gzaze erT adgilas, romelsac ` axali~erqva mouxda musulmanebTan SebrZoleba, sadac mokles(iqve, gv. 4\6).

f. taxnaevas kvleviT XIV saukunis qronikis `irxanisistoriis~ cnobiT gidatlis Temis ` xidis~ olqis mcxovreb-ni iwodebian qarTvelebad.

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maT Sesaxeb amJamadac arsebobs gadmocemebi _ magali-Tad, soflebis bacadlas, untis, Sulanis da kulabisa damimdebare xutorebis teritoriaze Zvelad mcxovrebni,adgilobrivi gadmocemiT, avariul enaze - `gurJixlie-bad~ (qarTve lobad) iwodeboda, am soflebis Zvel sasa-flaoebze cnobilia qristianuli dakrZalvis formebi dajvrebis mravalricxovani gamosaxuleba.

am regionSi SemorCenilia erTerTi adreuli qarTuliqristianuli Zegli _ qvis fragmenti ZvelqarTuli warwe-riT, romelic aRmoCnda sofelSi, romelsac ewodeba ` vaCi~.es sofeli mdebareobs hereT-kumux-andaal-gidatel-xun-Zaxis SemaerTebel gzaze (f. taxnaeva, dasax. naSr., gv.3).

daRestanis Semswavlel mecnierebaSi saxalxo gadmoce-mebze dayrdnobiT sakiTxic ki dgas avarieli xalxisqarTuli eTnogenezis Sesaxeb (iqve, gv. 3).

avariis qristianuli warsulis mravalricxovaniZeglebia _ avariis vrceli teritoriis momcveli qris-tianuli samarovnebi, isinia xunZaxSi, gidatlSi, andala-laSi, soflebSi, uradaSi, tidibSi (Samilis raionSi),sakuTriv sofel xunZaxSi, galaSi (batlaiCSi), xaraxSi,tindSi, kvanadaSi (Cumadinis raioni), rugujaSi, kudalSi(gunibis raioni), miatlSi (yiziliurtis r-ni), botlixSi(botlixis r-ni).

qristianuli warsulis mravalricxovani Zeglebia asevedidoeTSi, dido - kapuCinskis raionSi, aq ataevma SeiswavlabeJTas qristianuli sasaflao.

msgavsi qristianuli naSTi mravalia mTel daRestan-Si. magaliTad, s. uradas qristianul samarovanze aRmoCe-nili X-XIV ss. qvis jvrebi. ataevi am samarovans VIII-X ss-iT aTariRebs.

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am samarovnebidan Cans, rom avariis mosaxleobis ro-gorc maRali, ise dabali fenebi qristianuli iyo, am Ze-glebiT ar dasturdeba arabi avtorebis cnobebi, romelTamixedviTac sarirSi (avariaSi) TiTqosda mxolod mefe damisi laSqari aRiarebdnen qristianobas.

xunZaxSic mravali qristianuli samarovania, magali-Tad sofel gallaSi VII-XI saukuneebisa, adgil tadraal-Si XIV-XV ss-sa. TviT sofel xunZaxis didi qristianulisasaflao (f. taxnaeva, qristianoba avariaSi, dasax. naSr.,gv. 6). qristianuli warsulis mravali Zeglia CamoTvlilif. taxnaevas naSromSi, isini mTeli daRestnis mraval pun-qts moicaven, gansakuTrebiT xunZaxis platoze, gidat-lis da andalalas TemebSi.

daRestnis qristianobis umTavresi mowmobaa iq arse-buli eklesiebis naSTebi. isini ZiriTadad X-XI ss. Tari-Rdebian. miuxedavad, rom maT sistematurad da mizanmima-rTulad anadgurebdnen XIX-XX ss-Si axali religiis - is-lamis mimdevrebi da Semdeg aTeistebi, maTi naSTebi maincsakmaod SemorCa.

mTian daRestanSi, romelsac Zvel saqarTveloSi kaxe-Tis mTiuleTi erqva, saeklesio nagebobaTa naSTebi aR-moCenilia soflebSi rugajaSi, nakazuxSi, zaibSi da sxva-gan. islamis Sesabamisad gadaukeTebiaT eklesiebi sof-lebSi - TadraalSi, amitliSi, arkasSi da sxvagan.

arqeologebma avariaSi aRmoaCines VII-XIV ss-is rva ek-lesiis naSTi. f. taxnaevam SeZlo avariaSi 18 eklesiisarsebobis gamokvleva (iqve, gv. 8).

maTgan mTliani saxiT SemorCenilia mxolod erTi -daTunas eklesia. (X-XI ss). avariis sof. zemoCiriurtSiaRmoCnda 4 eklesiis naSTi (VI-VII saukuneebisa, md. sulakisxeobaSi).

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daRestnis erTi yvelaze msxvili qalaqi VIII-XV ss-Siyofila arkasi, misi naqalaqari 26 heqtarzea ganvrco-bili. misma qristianma damcvelebma TavdadebiT ibrZolesmomxvdur musulmanebTan Temur-lengis epoqaSi. rogorcaRiniSna, qalaqis meTaurebs qarTuli titulebi _ `Ta-vadebi da aznaurebi~ hqondaT.

f. taxnaeva aRniSnavs, rom ` qarTuli feodaluri tit-ulatura avariaSi cnobilia XI saukunidan - `nucali~,`Tavado~, `aznaural~ (`arnaxural~) saqarTvelos poli-tikuri gavlenisa da qristianobis XI-XIV ss-Si gaZliere-bisas~ (iqve, gv. 12).

Cveni fiqriT, VIII-X ss-Si daRestnis mTianeTSi aranak-leb iyo gavrcelebuli qristianoba, kaxeTis saqorepisko-pososa da kaxeTis samefos siZlieris periodSi da ufroadrec, roca aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi arabebs Zalzedid winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen mTieli wanarebi.

wanarebis erTerTi bude samuris xeobaSic unda yo-filiyo, rac kaxeTis qristianobas aZlierebda. termini`nucali~ am kavSirs adasturebs. kerZod, `nucali~ undaiyos saxecvlili forma termin ` nacvalisa~, is albaT iyokaxeTis qorepiskoposis an mefis nacvlis saxeli kaxeTismTiuleTSi, anu mTian daRestanSi, Tumca miiCneva, rom ismaWis erisTavis nacvali iyo.

qarTuli qristianobis ganvrcoba daRestanSi undavivaraudoT IV-VI saukuneebidanve, saqarTvelos mTianeTSiqristianobis masobrivi gavrcelebisTanave, rac qarTvel-Ta da daRestnelTa imJamindeli eTnopolitikuri er-TianobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

aRniSnul naqalaqar arkasSi samze meti naeklesiariaaRmoCenili, romelnic meCeTebaT gadaukeTebiaT, iseve,rogorc derbendis bazilikuri eklesia.

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f. taxnaevas varaudiT arkasis eklesiebi arsebobdnen1396 wlis Temuris jaris dartymebamde.

rogorc aRiniSna, adgilobrivi istoriuli wyaros ` irx-anis istoriis~ cnobiT xirkasis (arkasis) aReba gauWirdaTemuris jarebs. soflis asaRebad maT erTi kvira dasWir-daT, magram am soflis erTi kvartlis asaRebad, sadac`tavatiilebi da arnaxuralebi~ (Tavadebi da aznaurebi)iyvnen gamagrebulebi, ori Tve dasWirdaT.

mTel daRestanSi aRmoCenilia gansakuTrebiT didiraodenobis jvrebi, sxvadasva zomisa da formisa, mar-Tlac VI-VII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuladdid pativs miagebdnen jvrebs da maT yvelgan mravladdgamdnen.

2. waxuriwaxuri mdebareobda daRestanSi, moicavda mdinare sam-

uris zeda welis xeobas. es aris Tanamedrove rutulisraioni, romelic esazRvreba zaqaTalas, kaxisa da belaq-nis raionebs. amJamad waxurTa ricxvi 25.000 kacia, xolowaxuri sofelia daRestanSi.

Zvelad waxuris olqis centri yofila wuqeTi.XVII saukuneSi Sah-abasma kaxeTis mefes aleqsandre II-s

CamoarTva kakis regioni qurmuxTan erTad da gadascawaxurel lekebs.

waxurelebi kaxeTis am nawilSi gabatondnen XVII sauku-nis mere. wuqeTi da waxuri sinonimebi Canan. al-yazviniscnobiT `XIII s-is Semdeg waxurSi yvelani muslimebi ari-an~, es ase, rom ar yofila aCvenebs maRalaSvilis oTx-Tavis minaweri.

3. kakelisenikakeliseni erqva belaqanis, zaqaTalasa da kaxis raio-

nebs, mdinare giSis wylamde, rogorc iTqva es raionebi

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XVII saukuneSi daipyres sparselebma da iq gaabatones waxu-reli da avarieli lekebi. avarielTa lekebis e.w. `Tavis-ufali Temebi~ saingiloSi aris: War-belaqani, katexi,muxaxi da qinixi. waxureli lekebis Tavisufali TemebisaingiloSi aris _ waxuri, elisu da yaradukulaki. kaxe-Tis am dapyrobil nawils erT periodSi `waxuri~ anuwuqeTi ewoda.

Zveli wuqeTi, rogorc iTqva, XVII saukunemde moicavdadaRestnis teritorias TuSeTidan vidre saamuris saTa-vemde.

XVII saukunis Semdeg yofili kaxeTis centrs zaqaTa-las, belaqanisa da kaxis raionebs ewoda axali wuqeTi. isfaqtiurad moicavda yofili maWis saerisTavos. maWi cno-bili aris VIII saukunidan. XI saukunis Semdeg maWis saerisTa-vo moicavda teritorias maWis wylidan Sakixamde (Seqam-de). alaznidan xunzaxamde, aq Sedioda punqtebi _ giSi,Sakixi, kasri, lakuasti.

maWis saerisTavo 1471 wels gaauqma kaxeTis mefe le-vanma. rogorc iTqva XVII saukunis Semdgom iq gabatond-nen wuqeTeli lekebi da am teritoriasac Sesabamisad maTisatomo saxeli ewoda. saerTod kaki _ qalaq kaxs erqva.

I. kasrikasri yofila qalaqi wuqeTisa. rogorc Cans, is augia

VIII saukuneSi arCil mefes. `maRalaSvilis oTxTavis~ mi-nawerSi CamoTvlil eklesiaTa Soris ixsenieba kasris wm.samebis saydari _ pirveli cnoba mis Sesaxeb dakavSirebu-lia mefe arCilTan (VIII s.). ` movida arCil kaxeTad, da yovel-Ta taZreulTa misTa miuboZa kaxeTi da aznauryvna igini,aRaSena eklesia saZmors, SeirTo coli asuli guram kura-palatisa, romeli iyo SvilTagan vaxtang mefisaTa, berZnis

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colisa naSobTa, da dajda wuqeTs, da aRaSena kasri, da xe-vsa lakuastisasa aRaSena cixe, da povna wuqeTs mTavarni,romelTada mieboZa vaxtang mefesa wuqeTi, da iyo maSinromeli erisTavobda TuSTa da xunzTa zeda da yovelTawarmarTTa mis mTisaTa - saxeliT abuxuasro da ara inebamisgan waRebad wuqeTi. da aRaSena cixe-qalaqi erTi nuxpatsorTa wyalTa Sua xolo nuxpatelni uwinares iyvnes kacniwarmarTni da mxecisbunebisani, aramed yrusa moesra simrav-le maTi. da iZulebiT monaTlna arCil igini~ (qarTlis cx-ovreba, t. I, gv. 243). SemdgomSi mefe arCilma wuqeTi daqalaqi kasri gadasca somxeTidan mosul bagration pitiax-Sebs, romelnic vasaluri saxiT eymnen arCils.

g. marjaniSvilis kvleviT qalaqi kasri mdebareobdaqalaq kaxTan axlos, dasavleTiT, mdinare kobalas max-loblad (g. marjaniSvili, hereTi, 2005, gv. 32). Cven esmosazreba saeWvod migvaCnia, radganac Cans qalaqi kasrimdebareobda mdinare samuris saTavesTan axlos. magramsxva punqti kasri qalaq kaxTanac mdebareobda. Cans sworedes ukanaskneli mouxilavs patriarq eqvTimes, radganacoTxTavis minawerSi naxsenebi kasris yovladwminda sameb-is eklesia kakelisenSi mdebareobda. g. marjaniSvilisazriT, rogorc iTqva is mdebareobda qalaq kasris dasav-leT mxares. eklesiasTan axlos yofila qviT nagebi daSignidan galesili ZvelisZveli didi cisterna, sazedaSeqvevri, misi sigrZe da simaRle yofila 2 metri. SesaZloaam cisternas uwodebdnen kasrs da misi saxeli daerqvaeklesiasac.

kasris eklesia iyo yovladwminda samebisa.

II. yumiyumis RvTismSoblis eklesia, mdebareobs kaxis raion-

Si. iTvleba rom yumis eklesia VI saukunisaa, yumi mdeba-

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reobs kaxis raionis sofel lekiTTan, igive leqarTTanaxlos, mis gverdiT. aq dResac dgas eklesiis nangrevi,Sverilafsidiani samnaviani bazilika. g. marjaniSviliskvleviT es is VIII saukunis eklesiaa (da ara VI saukunisa).

III. leqarTileqarTis wmida ninos eklesia mdebareobs kaxis raionSi.

sofel leqarTs axla lekiTi ewodeba. sofelTan Crdil-oeT mxares mdebareobs monastris nangrevebi, xolo sof-lis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT ori eklesiis, abanosa da qar-vaslisagan Sedgenili kompleqsi. lekiTis tetrakonqisstiliT nagebi eklesia banas tipis mrgvali taZari yofi-la VIII-IX saukuneebisa, e.i. arCil mefis droindeli. aRniS-nuli lekiTis monastersac aseve hqonia mrgvali eklesia,maT Soris ori didi gumbaTiani da sami mcire darbazi (g.marjaniSvili, hereTi, gv. 28). yvela CamoTvlili eklesia- `qarTuli Zeglebis farTo wres ganekuTvneba~ (iqve, gv.29). wminda ninos saxelze nagebi eklesiis dasaxeleba miu-TiTebs, rom am mxareebSi uqadagnia qarTvelTa gan-manaTlebel wmida ninos.

IV. zarizaris wm. giorgis eklesia _ mdebareobs zaqaTalas

raionSi s. zarnas (Zv. zari) mTis wverze, mrgvali nage-bobaa, aseTive saxeli aqvs Seqis raionis sofel orTa-zeiziTis, Zveli zedgziTis eklesias, romelic moxatuliyofila qarTul warwerebiani freskebiT. `gasuli sauku-nis 80-ian wlebSi aq gairCeoda mTavruli (asomTavruli)asoebi `vx~ da `mxtol~ (g. marjaniSvili, hereTi, gv. 36).

am sofels s. karapetiani zaizits uwodebs, mdebare-obda q. Saqis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT 8-9 km daSorebiT(amJamindeli orTa zaiziti azerbaijanis Seqis raionSi).

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amJamadac am eklesias wm. giorgis uwodeben. mis mosaxle-obas s. karapetiani da misi winamorbedebi ` gamusulmaneb-ul somxebs~ uwodeben, radganac miiCneven, rom mTeli ammxaris mosaxleoba eTnikuri somxebi iyvnen, romelnicgamusulmandnen (s. karapetiani, sakuTriv albaneTis re-gionebi Saqsa da kapalakSi~ ` ~, t. 6, gv.231). es mosazreba sruliad usafuZvloa, radganac aqsomxebi ZiriTadad paskeviCma gadmoasaxla XIX s-Si yara-baRidan, ris Semdegac maT adgilobrivi qarTuli eklesiebiaiTvises, radganac gamusulmanebul mkvidr mosaxleobas(yofil qarTvelebs) es eklesiebi upatronod hqondaTdatovebuli. n. karapetianis zaizitis eklesiisa da g.marjaniSvilis zedgziTis eklesiebis gegmebi identuria.zaris wm. giorgis eklesia ki, rogorc iTqva, zaqaTalasraionSi mdebareobda.

V. vardianisofel vardianSi mdgara wm. abos eklesia. ` vard~ fuZe-

ZiriT Zveli, istoriuli kaxeTis am regionSi mravali pun-qti moixsenieba, maT Soris vardaSeni (varTaSeni) da missamxreTiT amJamindeli ` vardanli~. mis maxloblad gadio-da gzebi, romelnic erTmaneTSi akavSirebda Semaxas gan-jasTan, aseve kapalaksa da Seqs derbend-ColTan, sab-olood yvela es gza Tbilis-mcxeTas ukavSirdeboda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom maRalaSvilis saxarebis minawerSi arixsenieba sityva `hereTi~, Tumca ki amJamad kategoriu-lad acxadeben, rom es minaweri hereTis eklesiebs Seexe-ba. saqme isaa, rom sinamdvileSi hereTi mdebareobda araaq, aramed CamoTvlili eklesiebis aRmosavleTiT kapalaksa(yabalasa) da mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavs Soris. es iyo al-baneTis nawili. amJamad arasworad miiCneva, TiTqosda

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hereTi erqva teritorias Seqidan gurjaan-bodbis CaTv-liT. anu im miwa-wyals, romelsac qarTul wyaroebSi kax-eTi ewodeba, xazgasmiTaa aRsaniSnavi rom am wyaroSi(maRalaSvilis saxarebis minawerSi) is kaxeTad moixseni-eba da ara hereTad. CamoTvlili eklesiebis saxelebicmiuTiTebs, rom maT araferi akavSirebdaT albaneTis ek-lesiasTan. maTi saxelebi _ wmida nino, wmida arCili, wmi-da abo, wmida giorgi miuTiTebs, rom isini qarTuli sam-yaros eklesiebia, qarTvel ganmanaTlebelTa, wmindanTada mefeTa saxelobisa da ara albanelebisa. Tumca s. kar-apetiani ayalbebs ra maRalaSvilis minawers, arwmunebsmkiTxvels, TiTqosda es eklesiebi albanelTa ganmana-Tlebel eliSesTan iyo dakavSirebuli. maRalaSvilis mi-nawerSi ki, rogorc iTqva, ar ixseneba arc sityva `here-Ti~ da arc sityva `eliSe~.

s. karapetiani imasac ki wers, TiTqosda am minawerSi`wmida eliSes 12 mowafe ixsenieba~, maSin roca minawerSiixsenieba ara I saukunis wmindanis, aramed XIV saukunismRvdlis iase qitiaSvilis saxeli, romelsac qalaq kakSihyolia 12 mowafe, romelTac gadauweriaT saxarebis wigne-bi CamoTvlil eklesiebSi dasarigeblad.

s. karapetiani uxeSad, ganukiTxavad ayalbebs wyaroebs.aseTi gayalbeba ki, am minaweris sityvebiT, Zveladac

erT-erTi Cveuleba yofila s. karapetianis winamorbede-bisa. masSi naTqvamia - `cxovreba alvaniisa, ese igi ars sa-vaniisa, romel dawera petre lagaZeman, vinme somexmanga(ryvna) igi da sakuTriv dawerilad gamoacxada da somex-Tac advilad iwames Cveulebisamebr~.

alvania _ aRniSnuli eklesiebis regionis uSualo me-zoblad, mis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobda da amitom misiistoriis Seswavlac saWirod iyo cnobili.

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vardianSi yofila wmida abos eklesia.wmida abo _ qarTuli eklesiis wmindani iyo, romelsac

icnobda mTeli qarTuli samyaro VIII s-sa anu wm. arCilisepoqisa, es eklesiac arCils unda daukavSirdes.

VI. ganuxiganuxis wm. arCilis eklesia unda mdebareobdes Saqsa

da varTaSens Soris. punqti Ranuxi qurmuxTan axlosaaSaqis mxares.

misi eklesiis saxelidan (wm. arCili) Cans, rom is kax-eTSi wm. arCilis moRvaweobasTan aris dakavSirebuli daara albaneTis eklesiasTan.

cnobilia, rom wm. arCili Tavis sabrZanebelSi gadavi-da kaxeTSi arabTa mpyrobelobisas da iq mravali qalaqida eklesia aaSena. maT Soris Cans ganuxis eklesiac.

VII. qiS-nuxiqiSnuxSia RvTismSoblis eklesia. kiSi _ igive qiSi,

naCvenebia SaqTan axlos mdinare qiSiswylis marjvenasanapiroze. iq mdebare eklesias miiCneven `giSis saepi-skoposod~.

giSis eklesia, Saqis maxloblad _ mcire nagebobaa, XI s-Si ganuaxlebiaT. g. CubiniSvili werda: ` SeuZlebelia misimiCneva ukve VI s-Si arsebul saepiskoposo kaTedrad.safiqrebelia, rom giSis kaTedra X-XII ss-Si gadatanili iqnaiqve 5 km-iT daSorebul qalaq nuxaSi. eklesia xelmeoredgamoyenebuli iqna paskeviCis brZanebiT XIX s. 50-60-ianwlebSi gadmosaxlebuli somxebis mier~ (g. marjaniSvili,hereTi, gv. 26).

saerTod, sxvaa qarTuli wyaroebis giSis saepiskoposoda sxvaa somxur-albanuri gisis saepiskoposo. gisis cno-bili saepiskoposos mdebareoba ivaraudeba mtkvris mar-

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jvena sanapiroze gardman, SakaSen, utis regionSi, ker-Zod ki partavTan axlos, mis CrdiloeTiT (ix. b. aruTin-ianis somxeTis ruka), xolo qarTuli giSis saepiskopososul sxva regionSi _ SeqTan mdebareobda.

Sakixi erqva Seqsa da mis raions. somxuri wyaroebis`gardmani~ (gardabani) da qarTuli Sakixi _ erTmaneTismezoblebi iyvnen. erTi mtkvris marjvena, xolo meoremarcxena sanapiroze mdebareobda. es sainteresoa Cele-Tis adgilmdebareobis gansazRvrisaTvis.

kaxeTis qalaqi CeleTi unda veZioT Seqis raionSi, rad-ganac mis mSeneblobaSi gardabnelebi monawileobdnen.

marTlac, sofeli `CaleTi~ s. karapetianis rukazemdebareobs varTaSen-vardaSenTan axlos, mis dasavleTiT.am CaleTis gaswvriv _ mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze, ro-gorc aRvniSneT, istoriuli gardmanis provincia mdeba-reobs.

qarTlis cxovreba wers - `kaxoss misca kavkasiasa dakaxeTis mTasa Soris, aragvTgan vidre tyetbadmde, romelars sazRvari hereTisa da aman kaxos aRaSena CeleTi, kuxosSeewia Senebasa CeleTisasa, rameTu deda cixe kaxosis xvedriiyo da misca kaxoss SewevnisaTvis da Seewia Senebasa Cele-Tisasa, romelsa ber erqva pirvelSenebelsa kaxeTisasa~(q.c., t. I, gv. 9).

CeleTis saepiskoposo vaxtang gorgasalis dros ixse-nieba xornabujsa da agaraks Soris, es agaraki mdebareob-da `xunanis gamarTebiT (iqve, gv. 199).

am ganlagebidan Cans, rom CeleTis saepiskoposo mde-bareobda xornabuj-xunanis regionSi, anu iq sadac CvenvvaraudobT qalaq CeleTis mdebareobas, Saqsa da varTaS-ens Soris, rogorc aRvniSneT aq marTlac mdebareobs pun-

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qti CaleTi Tavisi yovladwminda RvTismSoblis eklesiiT(s. karapetiani, 2005, ruka, gv. 252).

am regionSi unda yofiliyo tyetba _ sazRvari hereTTan,kerZod kabala-yabalsa da varTaSens Soris, aq gamaval mTas`gurji daRis~ iqaurebi saqarTvelos sazRvrad miiCnev-dnen.

am mTis dasavleTiT zaqaTala, kaxisa da belaqanisraionebSi istoriulad mdebareobdnen kaxeTis samefosdedaqalaqebi bazarqalaq-zagemi da sxva samefo reziden-ciebi, aq iyo kaxeTis yvelaze nayofieri miwa-wyli, sxvateritoriebi kaxeTisa _ ZiriTadad naklebdasaxlebuliiyo.

Cveni kvleviT `kaxeTis mTas~ uwodebdnen gomborisqeds. is kaxeTsa da kuxeTs erTmaneTisagan hyofda.

miwebi aragvidan gulgula-tyetbamde anu kabala-xilxa-lamde _ kaxeTs ekuTvnoda. marTlac, movses kalankatua-cis cnobiT xilxala _ saqarTvelo-albaneTis sazRvradmiiCneoda.

yabalaze gadioda Corsa da ganZa-albaneTs dakavSire-buli gza. am gziT Semodiodnen Cor-derbendidan al-baneTis eklesiebis dasangrevad Crdilokavkasielebi.

rogorc iTqva, es regioni, anu zaqaTala-kaxi-belaqa-nis momcveli miwa-wyali sparseTma miitaca sadac misiqarTveli mosaxleoba ZiriTadad asimilirda Crdilo-kavkasiidan Camosaxlebul lekebSi, romelTac samarTa-vad gadaecaT kidevac es teritoriebi.

belaqnis raionSi gansakuTrebulad, da saerTod sain-giloSi, bevri leki miuTiTebda Tavis qarTul warmoSobas,magaliTad, galajoevebis winaprebi vaCnaZeebi yofilan,nastagalovebisa _ erisTavebi. bevr leks scodnia, rom

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maTi winaprebi qarTvelebi iyvnen, da codniaT kidec Ta-vianTi qarTuli gvarebi.

qiS-nuxamde anu giSiswylamde miwa-wyali kaxeTad iTv-leboda. giSis taZari, rogorc aRiniSna q. nusxalis (Se-qis) CrdiloeTiT 6 km moSorebiT mdebareobda. giSissaepiskoposo _ vaxtang gorgaslis daarsebulad iTvle-ba. istoriulad giSi asam da asaT grigolisZeebs ekuTvno-daT.

asaT grigolisZes saRir kolonkelisZisgan mZlavro-biT miutacnia hereTis erisTavoba da aseve mas miutacniaariSianisagan adgili saqarTvelos saxelmwifo darbazSi(parlamentSi), kerZod is `dajda sasTauliT~ ariSianisadgilze darbazobis dros.

asaT grigolisZem hereTis erisTavoba gadasca TavisSvils grigols.

oqros xanis periodSi asaT grigolis Zis mowodebiTanu ` wveviT~ saqarTvelos jarma dalaSqra qveyana ` ganZasqvemoT belaynamdis, raxsis piri masisamde~ (q.c., II, gv. 40).

`ganZis piris~ qveyana _ hereTis mopirdapire mxares,mtkvris meore, marjvena sanapiroze mdebareobda. hereT-Si Sedioda areSi anu ariSi. yvaryvare aTabagma 500 kaciTilaSqra areSSi. iqauri vaWris dasasjelad, man gaiarafaravnis tba, dmanisi, xunani, `ganvida mtkvars da mividaareSs~.

xunanidan gza miemarTeboda mtkvris marjvena sanapirosmxares da Tanamedrove mingeCauris tbis odnav qvemoTkveTda mtkvars. am mxares mtkvris marcxena sanapirozeyofila areSi.

maSasadame, qarTvelTa winaprebis qarTlosisa da ka-xosis droidan es miwa-wyali qarTul saxelmwifoebriv

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sferoSi Sedioda, xolo Semdgom, vaxtang gorgaslis, wm.arCil mefis Tu aTabagebis epoqaSi qarTul saeklesioiurisdiqciaSi, amas miuTiTebs giSis qarTuli saepisko-posos, qiSnuxis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis, vardianiswmida abos da ganuxis wmida arCil mefis qarTuli ek-lesiebis arseboba.

am mxareSi, rogorc aRiniSna, mdebareobda kaxeTis Zveliqalaqi CeleTi (da ara erwo-TianeTSi, amJamindel sioniswyalsacavTan, rogorc amJamad miiCneva).

qarTlis cxovrebiT CeleTi _ mniSvnelovani nagebobayofila, marTlac am nagebobaTa naSTi dRemdea SemorCe-nili Saqis raionis sofel CeleTSi, romelsac g. marjan-iSvili `jaleTs~ uwodebs. kerZod, aq SemorCenilia didisasaxlis nangrevebi, misi sigrZe 16-17 metria. aqvea Cele-Tis anu CaleTis, jaleTis eklesia.

VIII. varTaSenivarTaSenis eklesia _ wm. elias saxelobisa.sofeli varTaSeni mdebareobs Saqis aRmosavleTiT,

yabala, kapalakis marcxniv. XVIII s-Si varTaSenSi mcxovre-bi udebi TavianT Tavs uwodebdnen ase _ `varT albanele-bi da erovnebiT utielebi~ (g. marjaniSvili, gv. 51).

arcaxi da uti erqva armenizebul albanur provincie-bs varTaSenis gaswvriv mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze. ar-caxelebma da utielebma SeZles gmirulad SeenarCunebi-naT qristianoba albaneTis islamizaciis saukuneebSi, ma-gram sabolood utielebi iZulebulni gaxdnen daetove-binaT utis regioni da Tavi, maxloblad, jer kidev Zli-er saqarTveloSi varTaSenisaTvis SeefarebinaT. saqarTve-los saxelmwifoebrivi siZlieris dros utielebi Tav-dacvis mizniT gadasaxldnen istoriuli albaneTidan anu

40

mtkvris marjvena sanapiro qveynidan, iqve maxloblad _marcxena sanapiroze _ anu saqarTvelos saxelmwifosteritoriaze.

uti erqva albanur provincias swored varTaSenis mo-pirdapire mxares mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze. am pro-vincias aseve erqva meore saxli ` aranZaki~ (aranis qveyana)_ mis xalxs utielebi erqva provinciis saxelis mixe-dviT.

sofel varTaSenSi, romelic axla qalaqi da raionulicentria ramdenime eklesia aris.

varTaSeni ixsenieba 1310 wlis gansaxilvel dokumen-tSi.

XIX saukuneSi sofelSi yofila samasi komli mosaxle.maT Soris asi komli yofila qarTveli marTlmadideblebisojaxi da maT garda utielebic (udinebi).

es aRwera imiT aris saintereso, rom s. karapetianissityviT, is Cautarebia TviT somex samRvdeloebas XIXsaukunis meore naxevarSi. somexi samRvdeloeba ki ten-denciurad iyo ganwyobili, rac gamoixateboda imiT, romyoveli xerxiT cdilobdnen dokumentebSi gaezardaT mo-saxleobaSi somexTa anu monofizitTa ricxobrivi raode-noba.

miuxedavad am mdgomareobisa, maTi aRweriT sofelvarTaSenis mosaxleobis erTi mesamedi qarTveli marTlma-didebeli yofila. ara zogadad marTlmadideblebis ricx-vi yofila aseTi, aramed eTnikuri qarTvelebisa.

am sofelSi aseve cxovrobdnen egreTwodebuli udinebi(utielebi), somxebi, ebraelebi da suniti musulmanebi.

1890 wlisaTvis mosaxleobis wilobriv raodenobaSiqarTveli marTlmadideblebis ricxvi Semcirebula. ker-

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Zod, am wels varTaSenSi mosaxleobda 680 ojaxi (komli).maTgan 450 yofila monofizituri aRmsareblobisa (mono-fizitTa Soris CamoTvlilebi arian eTnikuri somxebi daeTnikuri udinebi), 150 yofila marTlmadidebluri qarTu-li ojaxi, 200 ebrauli da 30 musulmanuri. somexTa damonofizit udinTa saerTo raodenoba yofila 1463 kaci.aRweris masalebidan Cans, rom ojaxi Sedgeboda 3-4 ka-cisagan, amitomac unda vivaraudoT varTaSenis 150 qarTu-li ojaxi Sedgeboda 450-600 kacisagan.

kidev erTi aRwera CautarebiaT 1913 wels da am drosvarTaSenSi cxovrobda 2914 kaci (s. karapetiani, Sua sauku-neTa arqiteqturis Zeglebi sakuTriv albaneTSi, Saqisada kapalakis gavarebSi, wignSi ` ~, #6, 1988,gv. 246).

am aRweraTa Semdgom daiwyo pirveli msoflio omi,rasac mohyva revoluciebi da saqarTvelo-azerbaijaniskonfliqti saingilosaTvis, gasabWoeba, saingilos dau-fleba azerbaijanis mier. qarTvelTa mizanmimarTulidevna am regionSi. am mizezis gamo varTaSenis qarTvelo-ba iZulebuli gaxda gadmosaxlebuliyo saqarTveloSikerZod, kaxeTSi. saqarTveloSi dasaxlebis Semdgom isinimudmivad acxadebdnen, rom isini iyvnen eTnikuri qar-Tvelebi da aRwerebSic qarTvelebad ewerebodnen. magrammaT eTnikur vinaobaSi eWvi Seitanes Tbilisis samecnie-ro wreebma. qarTizaciis Teoriis gavleniT isini acxa-debdnen rom kaxeTSi Casaxlebuli varTaSenelebi iyvnenara eTnikuri qarTvelebi, aramed udinebi, radganac verwarmoedginaT azerbaijanis Soreul sofelSi qarTuli mo-saxleobis cxovreba. Tbiliseli mecnierebi mraval samec-niero eqspedicias awyobdnen kaxel varTaSenelebTan, umt-

42

kicebdnen maT, rom isini iyvnen ara qarTvelebi, aramedeTnikuri albanelebis bolo, gadarCenili mcire raode-noba, udinebi. mouwodebdnen SeeswavlaT da aRedginaTTavianT metyvelebaSi udinuri ena. es maSin roca XIX sauku-nis somxuri aRwerebiTac ki azerbaijanis varTaSenSical-calke cxovrobdnen qarTul da udinur ojaxebSi damaT kargad icodnen TavianTi eTnikuri vinaoba.

varTaSenSi qarTvelebs TavianTi qarTuli marTl-madidebluri eklesiac hqoniaT da aseve iqve yofilamonofizituri eklesiac, xolo varTaSenis gareubnebsada sasaflaoebze sxva eklesiebic mdgaran. qarTuli 1310wlis sabuTis mixedviT varTaSenSi mdgara wminda iliawinaswarmetyvelis (`elias~) saxelobis eklesia. es ekle-sia paskeviCis Semdgom XIX saukuneSi Casaxlebul yarabax-el somxebs Taviseburad, monofiziturad gadaukeTebiaTda misTvis uwodebiaT albaneTis ganmanaTlebel mociquleliSes saxeli. SeuTxziaT legendac, rom TiTqos iq arisdakrZaluli am mociqulis ori mowafe, romelzec aR-marTuli aris samlocvelo. am legendas s. karapetianiamatebs kidev erT siaxles, romelic SeiZleba iTqvas arissruli uzustoba da araswori informacia, TiTqosda mo-ciqul eliSes mowafeTa saflavebze aRmarTuli samlocve-loebi moxseniebulia 1310 wlis Cvens mier gansaxilvelqarTul dokumentSi. sinamdvileSi am dokumentSi nax-senebia varTaSenis wmida ilia winaswarmetyvelis saxelo-bis eklesia da masSi saerTod ar ixsenieba arc mociqulieliSe da arc misi mowafeebi. Cveni TvalsazrisiT varTaSen-Si SesaZloa arc iyo Zveli somxuri eklesiebi, radganacs. karapetianis mier gamoqveynebuli somxuri warwerebiXIX saukunes ganekuTvneba.

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rogorc aRiniSna, varTaSenis raionSia sofeli Cale-Ti (WaleTi) anu CeleTi, Cans uZvelesi kaxuri qalaqi. masjaleTsac uwodeben.

am midamoebSi, g. marjaniSvilis sityviT, ` Zveli Saqisada xaCmazis gamyof qedze, saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebu-li kidev erTi saxeli _ `giurji daRi~ (qarTvelTa mTa)aris dafiqsirebuli. gamoTqmuli iyo mosazreba, romvarTaSenisa da WaleTis siaxloves gadioda saqarTvelossazRvari~ (g. marjaniSvili, hereTi, 2005, gv. 40).

rogorc aRiniSna sofel CeleT-WaleTSi arsebobssasaxlis naSTi, romelsac g. marjaniSvili `tipiuri kax-uri sasaxleebis msgavss~ uwodebs.

aseve aRiniSna, rom sofel nijisa da varTaSenis mcx-ovreb udebs petre I-isaTvis, XVIII s-Si gaugzavniaT wer-ili. udebis TqmiT isini `albanelebi da erovnebiT utie-lebi~ arian. am gansazRvrebaSi, albanelebisa da udebiscneba ar faravs erTmaneTs~ (iqve, gv, 51).

mtkvris marjvena mxares mdebare regions somxurad`uti~ da aseve `aranZaki~ erqva (ix. arutunianis ruka).

Zveli `utikis~ anu utis provinciaSi mdebareobdaalbaneTis dedaqalaqi partavi (barda) _ `utidan varTa-SenSi gadasaxlebul utielebs XVIII s-Si jer kidev axsov-daT TavianTi eTnikuri vinaoba, isini iyvnen Zveli al-baneTidan, amave dros ki iyvnen utielebi, anu Zveli utikismcxovrebi, tomobrivad utebi anu udebi.

XV-XVI saukuneebSi, Zvel regionSi, roca qristian-TaTvis iq cxovreba gaZnelda, rogorc iTqva, maT TaviSeafares jer kidev saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi SemavalSaqi-varTaSenis regions, romelic marTalia ukve iwyebdagamahmadianebasa da separatizmis gzas adga, magram varTa-

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Sensa da mis SemogarenSi gacilebiT ukeTesi mdgomareobaiyo qristianTaTvis.

varTaSenSi, utielebs cxadia daxvdaT adgilobriviqarTuli mosaxleoba da eklesia. aqve, Cans eTnikuri somx-uri mosaxleobac gaCnda. amis Sedegad varTaSenSi aRmoCndaqarTuli, utiuri, somxuri, ebrauli da mahmadianurimosaxleoba.

XVIII s-Si, rogorc petre I-sadmi mimarTvidan Cans, amudinebs (udebs) kidev axsovdaT, rom isini albanelebi daamave dros utebi iyvnen.

SemdegSi, varTaSenis qarTul mosaxleobas ufro daufro gauWirda am regionSi cxovreba, radganac SaqSi mah-madianuri xelisufleba gaZlierda, kaxeTis didi nawiliki Sah-abasma kaxeTis samefos Camoacila, amave drossparselTa nebiT Seiqmna kakelisenis gandgomili regio-ni, romlis mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba aRmoCnda le-kuri mmarTvelobis qveS. am regionis qarTvelebi Sesabam-isad lekdebodnen da mahmadiandebodnen.

amgvar pirobebSi miT umetes gauWirdeboda varTaSe-nis qarTvelebs, isini Cans asimilirdnen utielebsa, somx-ebsa da mahmadianebSi. Tumca, mainc, XIX s-Si maTi raode-noba 600 yofila, isini XX s-Si zinobianSi gadasaxldnenda ukve nawilobriv dakarguli hqondaT TviTSemecneba,magram mainc sjerodaT, rom gadarCena mxolod saqar-TveloSi SeeZloT da amitomac misken iswrafodnen sab-olood dasafuZneblad.

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qarTizaciis Teoria saingilos Sesaxeb

rogorc aRiniSna, ganuxSi anu RanuxSi mdebareobda wmi-da arCilis eklesia da naxsenebia 1310 wlis maRalaSvilissaxarebis minawerSi, dasaxelebulia vardianis wm. abosada qiSnuxis RvTismSoblis eklesiaTa Soris. maSasadame isaxlos yofila qiSnuxTan da varTaSenTan. misi adgilm-debareoba amJamad erTmniSvnelovnad cnobili ar aris.s. eremiani mas albanuri olqis xenis saxels udarebs daaTavsebs zaqaTalas raionSi.

qarTveli mkvlevarebi, rogorc g. marjaniSvilis wig-nidan Cans, miiCneven rom Cvens gansaxilvel regionSi (anumdinare alaznis qvemo welze da saingiloSi) qarTvelobaar iyo mkvidri mosaxleoba da iq qarTvelebi moxvdnenmigraciis procesis Sedegad. g. marjaniSvili amis Sesaxebwers - `politikurma procesebma Seqmna hereTSi aRmosav-lur qarTuli tomebis migraciis pirobebi. VIII saukuni-saTvis ukve dasrulebuli Cans hereTis gaqarTle-bis pro-cesi~ (g. marjaniSvili, hereTi, 2005, gv. 50).

g. marjaniSvili ise, rogorc sxva yvela Cveni epoqismkvlevari, Cvens mier gansaxilvel regions araqarTulqveyanad miiCnevs, romlis qarTizacia anu rogorc g. mar-janiSvili uwodebs _ `gaqarTleba~ _ VIII saukunisaTvisdasrulda.

es mosazrebani mTlianad ewinaaRmdegebian Zvel qarTulwyaroebs romelTaTvisac qarTveloba iyo erTiani eTno-si, erTiani xalxi, romliTac dasaxlebuli iyo Cveni re-gioni.

amave Tvalsazriss aviTarebs V saukuneSi movses xore-naci. kerZod, is Tavis cnobil somxeTis istoriaSi wer-

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da, rom wm. ninom iqadaga klarjeTidan masquTebamde daam regionis mosaxleoba anu klarjeTidan masquTebamdemcxovrebi xalxi Tavisi tkbili da advilad gasagebi eniTmoaqcia.

xorenaci wers _ `sanatreli nune wavida iqedan, raTaTavisi advilgasagebi saubriT qarTvelTa qveynis sxva kuT-xeebic daemoZRvra. man iqadaga saxareba klarjeTidandawyebuli vidre alanTa da kaspiis karamde, masquTTa sa-zRvramde, rogorc amas agaTangelozi gauwyebs Sen~ (movsesxorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984, gv.172).

movses xorenaci, romelic kargad icnobda qarTulsamyaros iyenebda qarTul wyaroebs da cxovrobda TiTq-mis wm. ninos epoqaSi arsad aRniSnavs, rom klarjeTidanmasquTebamde mcxovrebi xalxi iyo mravaleTnikuri, piri-qiT xorenaci wm. ninos erTmniSvnelovnad uwodebs qar-TvelTa ganmanaTlebels. misi sityviT klarjeTidan mas-quTebamde qarTveli xalxis sacxovrisi iyo, sadac wm.ninom iqadaga.

rogorc cnobilia, IV saukunisaTvis masquTebi an masa-gatebi cxovrobdnen mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavidan Cor-derbentamde. aqedan movses xorenacis mier wm. ninos miermoqceuli masquTebamde mcxovrebi qarTvelobis sacxovre-beli areali moiazreboda mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde.am arealSi Tavsdeba istoriuli hereTi. Sesabamisad, here-Ti qarTvelebiT yofila dasaxlebuli, romelTac esmo-daT qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis ena. aqedan gamomdinarearasworia qarTizaciis Teoria, romelic miiCnevs, romhereTis mxare VIII saukunisaTvis ` gaqarTvelda~ (`VIII sauku-nisaTvis ukve dasrulebuli Cans hereTis gaqarTlebis pro-cesi~ (g. marjaniSvili, hereTi, 2005, gv. 50). qarTizciis

47

es Teoria gameoreba da gaRrmavebaa XIX s. somxuri saist-orio Sexedulebebisa, romelic saerTaSoriso samecnie-ro brunvaSi Seiyvanes profesorma q. patkanovma da aka-demikosma n. marma.

maRalaSvilis saxarebis minaweris mixedviT aqve, sofelleqarTSi, mdebareobda wm. ninos eklesia. am eklesiis sax-eli unda warmoadgendes mis arealSi wm. ninos moRvaweo-bis anarekls, anu am eklesiis saxeli _ wm. ninos _ araaSemTxveviTi da eTanadeba movses xorenacis cnobas. aq wm.ninos qadagebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, iq mdebare soflis _Ranuxis saxelwodebaSi Cven ar unda veZioT albanuri kva-li. misi saxeli isevea nawarmoebi rogorc sxva mravalipunqtis saxeli saqarTveloSi, g. marjaniSvili sofelRanuxis saxels ukavSirebs albaneTSi mcxovreb erT-erTitomis xenukebis saxels.

rogorc aRvniSneT, Ranuxis eklesia wm. arCil mefissaxelze iyo agebuli. es miuTiTebs, rom am regionSiuRvawia wm. arCil mefes VIII saukuneSi murvan-yrus dros,marTlac, es dasturdeba qarTuli wyaroebiT, romelnicmiiCneven, rom kaxeTis am regionSi mravali cixe-simagreqalaqi da eklesia aago wm. arCil mefem. sazogadod ki,rogorc aRiniSna, 1310 wlisaTvis am regionis mravalieklesia atarebda qarTul saxels - wm. nino, wm. arCili, wm.abo, maT emateba wm. giorgis, yovladwmida RvTismSoblisada yovladwmida samebis eklesiebi.

rogorc iTqva, gvian periodSi ufro metad XVIII sauku-neSi paskeviCis Semdeg yarabaRidan Camosaxlebul somxebsxelSi CaugdiaT ukve gaukacrielebuli ZvelqarTulieklesiebi da daurqmeviaT maTTvis axali saxelebi _ wm.rifsime, wm. eliSe da sxva msgavsi, Tumca Seucvlelad

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dautovebiaT yovladwmida RvTismSoblisa da wm. giorgiseklesiaTa saxelebi. rogorc cnobilia somxur eklesiebsnaklebad arqmevdnen aseT saxelebs. isini ufro metadarqmevdnen wm. grigols, wm. gaianes, wm. rifsimes, astva-cacin, stefanosi da sxva msgavsi.

qarTveli mkvlevarebi, roca isini istoriul kaxeTshereTad miiCneven, vfiqrob Secdomas uSveben imis gamo,rom umarTebulod sazRvraven punqt tye-tba-gulgulasadgilmdebareobas.

qarTlis cxovrebis Tanaxmad punqti gulgula mdebar-eobda kaxeTisa da hereTis sazRvarze.

ivane javaxiSvilis kvlevebiT ukve leonti mrovelsaRar scodnia misi (gulgulas) zusti adgilmdebareoba,miTumetes is ar unda scodnoda vaxuStis. amitomac ismxolod varaudobda, rom gulgula ewodeboda TelavisCrdiloeTiT mdebare sofels. gulgulas meore saxelicerqva ` tyetba~. es saxeli (tyetba) Cans qarTul samyaroSisakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo. magaliTad amJamadac ki ty-etba ewodeba mdinare Zusas xeobaSi sazano _ zestafonis,meore, SemovliT, aramTavar gzaze mdebare erT-erT adg-ils. aseTi tyetbiani adgili mravali unda yofiliyomcenareulobiTa da mwvane safariT saxelganTqmul kaxis,zaqaTalasa da beleqnis raionebSi.

movses kalankatuacis cnobiT sazRvari albaneTsa dasaqarTvelos Soris gadioda sofel xilxalaze, Corisada albaneTis damakavSirebel gzaze. es gza gadioda q.yabalasTan. varTaSen Crdilokavkasiis damakavSirebel amgzaze mdebareobs amave etimologiis punqti filfila.

saxelebi filfila, xilxila da gulgula, rogorcaRiniSna msgavsi etimologiisaa da radganac, amJamadac

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ki aq, filfilasTan mdebare qeds `gurji-daRs~ miiCnevenZveli saqarTvelos sazRvrad, da xalxuri mexsiereba xaz-gasmiT miuTiTebs aq Zveli saqarTvelos sazRvris arse-bobas, unda vivaraudoT, rom tye-tba-gulgula erqvaTanamedrove sofel filfilas. es sofeli marTlac ty-eebsa da mdinareTa CanCqerebSia Cafluli da misi momcve-li raioni mTel azerbaijanSi saukeTeso sakurorto zonadiTvleba.

rogorc aRiniSna, etimologiurad filfila da gulgu-la erTmaneTis msgavsia, amitomac Zveli qarTuli wyaroe-bis analizidanac Cans, rom sasazRvro punqti gulgulaunda iyos igive filfala, anu varTaSenis regionSi undayofiliyo istoriuli punqti gulgula _ sazRvari kax-eTsa da hereT-albaneTs Soris.

hereTi Cveni kvleviT erqva mtkvris marcxena sanapirosqveyanas alazan-ioris SesarTavidan da filfila-gulgu-ladan mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, xolo sakuTriv al-baneTi erqva mtkvris marjvena sanapiros qveyanas, ganZa-utik-arcaxis regions mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde da imisiqiT kaspiis zRvamde baskanis CaTvliT.

1923 wels ivane javaxiSvilis redaqtorobiT gamocemulrukaze xilxala, varTaSen-Saqis regionSi mdebareobs,Tumca cnobili aris meore saqarTvelos albaneTis sazR-varze mdebare punqti, TiTqmis amave saxelisa: ` xilxila~.magram is mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze mdebareobda, xoloCveni xilxala igive Tanamedrove filfilaa, esaa Zveligulgula, mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, iqamde aRwevdauZvelesi istoriuli kaxeTi.

aqve, varTaSen-filfila-gulgulasTan axlos, maTdasavleTiT, unda yofiliyo kaxeTis uZvelesi qalaqi Ce-

50

leTi. amis dasturia isic, rom misi saxeli dResac cocxa-li aris aRniSnul regionSi Saqsa da varTaSens Sua. mas,rogorc iTqva, amJamad CaleTs uwodeben.

marTalia saxeli CeleTi emsgavseba ZvelqarTul qalaqJaleTis saxels, magram CeleTi JaleTi ar aris, erTiSemgomdroindel sionis wyalsacavTan mdebareobda, xolomeore Saq-varTaSenis regionSi. am regionis eklesiebisqarTuli saxelebi ueWvelad miuTiTebs, rom es regioniqarTvelebiT mWidrod iyo dasaxlebuli da saqarTveloseklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. am regionis qarTvelo-ba, rogorc aRiniSna ukiduresad daazarala Sah-abasma,roca man es miwa-wyali kaxeTs Camoacila da samarTavaddaRestnel lekebs gadasca. am procesma qarTvelebisasimilacia, raodenobis mkveTri Semcireba gamoiwvia.qarTvelebis raodenoba aq kidev ufro Semcirda XX sauku-nis dasawyisSi somex-azerbaijanelTa konfliqtis dros,am dros maT miatoves sofeli varTaSeni, aseve sofeliniji da Tavi Seafares TavianT istoriul mSobel qarTv-el ers, saqarTvelos miwa-wyals.

1918-1922 wlebSi mRvdel zinobi silikaSvilis meTau-robiT isini varTaSenidan gadasaxldnen yvarlis raionSi.sul, rogorc Cans, Camosaxlebula 600 kacamde. marTlac,rogorc aRiniSna 1890 wels varTaSenSi 150 qarTul-mar-Tlmadidebluri ojaxi yofila. rac albaT gulisxmobs600 kacamde suladobas, romelTac yvarlis raionSi sofe-li zinobiani dauarsebiaT. maTac amJamad udinebs uwode-ben.

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wm. arCil mefis kaxeTSi moRvaweoba

maRalaSvilis saxarebis minawerSi daculi cnobismixedviT kaxeTis sofel ganuxSi mdebare eklesia iyo wmi-da arCil mefis saxelobisa, rac safuZvels gvaZlevs mo-sazrebisa, rom es eklesia arCil mefis mier iyo agebuli.marTlac, qarTlis cxovrebis cnobiT kaxeTSi arCilsmravali eklesia augia.

qarTlis cxovreba wers:`amis Semdgomad movida arCil kaxeTad da yovelTa

taZreulTa misTa miuboZa kaxeTi da aznaur yvna igini,aRaSena eklesia saZmors, SeirTo coli asuli guram kura-palatisa, romeli iyo SvilTagan vaxtang mefisaTa berZ-nis colisa naSobTa da dajda wuqeTs da aRaSena kasri daxevsa lakuastisasa aRaSena cixe da povna wuqeTs mTavar-ni, romelTada mieboZa vaxtang mefesa wuqeTi, da iyo ma-Sin romeli erisTavobda TuSTa da xunzTa zeda da yovel-Ta warmarTTa mis mTisaTa, saxeliT abuxuasro da ar inebamisgan waRebad wuqeTi da aRaSena cixe-qalaqi erTi nux-pats orTa wyalTa Sua. xolo nuxpatelni uwinares iyvnenkacni warmarTni da mxecisbunebisani, aramed yrusa moes-ra simravle maTi da iZulebiT monaTlna arCil igini.

ganZlierebul iyvnes sarkinozni queyanasa ranisasa; da-epyraT gaziri da somxeTi da hbrZoda maslama berZenTa,xolo Zmiswulni adarnase brmisani, romelTa daswunes ma-mis Zmasa Tvalni, warmovides taroniT Sakixad, samni Zmanida daemkvidrnes mun brZanebiTa arCilisaTa, rameTu yove-li piri kavkasiisa, raniT kerZi umkvidro qmnil iyo, xolohereTi da kaxeTi WalakTa da tyeTagan ukeTu darComil iyo,da daemkvidrnes samnive igi Zmani vidre gulgulamdis.

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masve Jamsa pitiaxSni vinme ara SeeSunes klarjeTs,sxuad warvides naxevarni maTganni da Seipyres klde erTitaos, romels erqva kalmaxi da aRaSennes cixed. xolonaxevarni movides kaxeTs arCilis Tana. erTsa maTgansamisca colad naTesavisagan abuxuasrosa, rameTu daqurive-bul iyo igi da ara esua qmari, da miuboZa wuqeTi cixiTda kasriTurT. JamTa maT daecadnes sarkinozni Semosv-lad qarTlad yuresa warsvliTgan weliwadsa ormoc-dameaTesa. aqa Jamamde arRara Semovidodes, aramed mi-iRebdes xarksa erisTavTagan~ (qarTlis cxovreba, t. I,gv. 243).

am dokumentSi naxsenebia: kaxeTi, saZmori, wuqeTi, kas-ri, lakuasti, TuSebi, xunZebi, mTis warmarTebi, abuxosro,nuxpati, rani, gaziri, somxeTi, taroni, Sakixi, hereTi, klar-jeTi, tao, kalmaxi da sxva. zogierTi geografiuli punq-tis adgilsamyofeli cnobilia.

aRniSnul punqtTagan zogierTi cnobili aris `qarT-lis cxovrebis~ im CanarTidan, romelic Seexeba VI msof-lio krebis mier VII saukuneSi saqarTvelos eklesiis sa-patriarqo eklesiad gamocxadebas, kerZod iq naTqvamia:

`iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana daakurTxevdes (sawmysosa) samwysosa Tvissa qarTlsa: gamoR-ma gaRma kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT warmovliT mTi-sa adgilisaTa, svaneTisa da Cerqezis sazRvramdis, sruli-ad oseTsa da yovelsa zemo qarTlsa samcxe saaTabagosa...~(qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 232).

am dokumentSi CamoTvlilia qarTlis qveyanaSi Semde-gi punqtebi: gamoRma kaxeTi, gaRma kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani, asevekaxeTis, Saqisa da Sirvanis mimdgomi mTis adgilebi anu daR-estani da CeCneTi, maTTan erTad svaneTi, CerqezeTi, ovseTida zemo qarTlSi samcxe saaTabago.

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SeiZleba iTqvas, rom TiTqmis igive punqtebi aris dasa-xelebuli 1310 wlis maRalaSvilis saxarebis minawerSi.rogorc aRiniSna masSi CamoTvlilia Semdegi saxelebi _kaxeTSi anwuxis saepiskoposo, waxuri, kakeliseni, kasri,yumi, leqarTi, zari, vardiani, ganuxi, qiSnuxi, vardTaSeni,Tabasarani, xunZebi, naxCebi, ToSeTi, nekresi, lagoeTi, bela-qani, maj-fifineTi, ferijan-muxax-mamrexi, yoveli vake anumovakani, eliseni, verxvianT zegani, ivrisa da alaznisSesarTavi, qurmuxi, yoveli mTiuleTi, kaki, alvani anusavania da sxva.

1. Sirvaniyvelaze Soreuli punqti, sadac am dokumentebis mixed-

viT Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebda saqarTvelos ek-lesia, iyo Sirvanis provincia. is amJamad Sedis azer-baijanSi da moicavs Samaxis raions, aq ganviTarebuli arismevenaxeoba da erT-erT turistul centrad iTvleba.miiCneva, rom Sirvan-Sahebis saxelmwifo Camoyalibda VIIIsaukuneSi, abasidebis dinastiis dasustebis Semdeg, Sir-van-Sahebis saxelmwifo SeuerTda saqarTvelos daviTaRmaSeneblis dros. daviT aRmaSeneblis erT-erTi titu-li iyo SirvanSahi.

2. hereTi Sirvans mtkvris marcxena sanapiros mxridan hereTi

esazRvreboda. marTalia, arcerT aRniSnul dokumentSisaxeli hereTi naxsenebi ar aris, radgan aramdgradi poli-tikuri erTeuli iyo I aTaswleulSive (misi ZlierebisperiodSi), amitom II aTaswleulSi misi xsenebac ki gaqrada dokumentebSic ar moixseneboda, magram hereTis saxe-li XX saukuneSi gaacocxles samecniero wreebma da masmisTvis iqamde uCveulo eTnopolitikuri datvirTvac mi-

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aniWes. kerZod, XX s. mecnierebma eTnikur herebadgamoacxades kaxeTis ZirZveli istoriuli raionebis kaxis,belaqnisa da zaqaTalas mosaxleoba, maSin roca TviT Zve-li, Tavdapirveli, I aTaswleulis hereTi eTnosis saxiTarc ki Camoyalibebula. hereTi iyo qarTulenovani mo-saxleobiT dasaxlebuli regioni sadavo albaneTsa daqarTls Soris, Tanac istoriuli hereTi ar moicavda am(kaxis, belaqanisa da zaqaTalas) raionebs.

istoriuli hereTi iwyeboda ara Telavis sofelgulguladan, aramed varTaSenis sofel filfiladan.swored am Tanamedrove punqt filfilas ewodebodaqarTul wyaroSi naxsenebi saxeli ` tyetba-golgola~, igivegulgula. e.i. iyo ori gulgula, erTi TelavTan, meoreki varTaSenTan, rogorc iTqva, istoriuli hereTi iwye-boda varTaSenis filfila-gulgulasTan da grZeldebo-da Samaxamde. ufro zustad iqve mdebare mdinare aRsum-de, ase erqva mdinares romelic mtkvars uerTdebodamarcxena sanapiros mxridan. iq sadac mtkvars marjvenasanapiros mxridan uerTdeba araqsi.

aRsus qarTvelebi TeTr wyals uwodebdnen. aq sauku-neTa manZilze gadioda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazR-vari, rac Seexeba uSualod kaxeTsa da hereTs SorissazRvars, kidev erTxel gavimeorebT, rom kaxeT-hereTissazRvari gadioda aRniSnul filfila-gulgulasTan, dasaqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Semavali hereTis aRmosavle-Ti sazRvari ukve saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvarswarmoadgenda aRniSnul aRsu-TeTrwyalze.

didxans, monRolTa batonobis damTavrebis Semdegac,aqamde aRwevda saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcia Sir-vanis qveyanaSi. rogorc aRvniSneT, aqve SirvanTan mTavrde-boda hereTis sazRvari.

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hereTi, rogorc aRvniSneT, iwyeboda filfilasTan,romelic erT dros mniSvnelovani punqti yofila (mas ZvelwyaroebSi ewodeboda tye-tba _ golgola). 1923 wels iv-ane javaxiSvilis redaqtorobiT dabeWdil rukaze am adg-ilas punqti xilxalaa naCvenebi, rogorc aRiniSna is mde-bareobs varTaSenis raionSi. qalaq varTaSens XX saukunisbolos Seucvales saxeli da oguzi uwodes.

azerbaijanis oguzis raioni gamoirCeva Tavisi lamazida xSiri tyeebiT, radganac am raionis naxevari tyiT arisdafaruli. aq aris bevri CanCqeri, wyaroebi, Termuliwylebi, fauna Zalze mdidaria, maT Soris xoxbiT dakalmaxiT, xarobs yovelgvari xili, sof. filfila sa-xelganTqmuli aris xaliCebis mqsoveli ostatebiT, amavesofelSi cnobili aris aseve riyis qviT nagebi koSki XVIIIsaukunisa, romelsac sulxaixanis koSks uwodeben, es ko-Ski aris mdinare galaCais napirze filfilasTan axlos.

filfilasTan gadis gza, romelic uReltexiliT gada-dis Crdilo kavkasiaSi, samuris xeobaSi, iqidan es gzamiemarTeboda derbendisaken, es momenti imiTaa mniSvnelo-vani, rom eTanadeba movses kalankatuacis cnobas da badebsTvalsazriss, rom filfila da movses mier dasaxelebu-li xilxila erTidaigive punqtia.

moses kalankatuacis cnobiT derbendis Coris qvey-nidan am gziT, xilxilas gavliT mtrebi albaneTis ek-lesiebis dasangrevad moemarTebodnen, e.i. Crdilokavkasi-idan, samuris xeobidan filfila-xilxilas gavliT mi-emarTebodnen mtkvris marjvena sanapirosaken, anu al-baneTisaken. filfilas mxare, mtkvris marcxena sanapiroses midamoebi CvenTvis mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom, rogorcaRiniSna, aq erTerT qeds `gurji daRi~ qarTvelTa mTa

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ewodeba. g. marjaniSvili wers: `gamoTqmuli iyo mosazre-ba rom swored aRniSnuli qedis areSi varTaSenisa da Wale-Tis siaxloves gadioda saqarTvelos sazRvari~ (g. marjan-iSvili, hereTi, 2005, gv. 40).

WaleTi amJamad iwodeba CeleTad da aris varTaSenisanu oguzis raionis erTerTi sofeli dasavleTis mxaresanu saqarTvelos mimarTulebiT.

`gurji daRis~ qedamde anu sofel filfila igivegulgulamde aRwevda qarTlis samefos erTerTi region-is _ kaxeTis sazRvari pirvel aTaswleulSi.

qarTlis samefoSi Semaval kaxeTs da qarTlis samefosmosazRvre hereTs erTmaneTisagan gulgula hyofda, anuaq gadioda ara saqarTvelos sazRvari, aramed qarTlissamefos sazRvari farnavazis epoqidanve, anu gulgulam-de igive filfilamde aRwevda kaxeTis sazRvari, xologulguladan `TeTr wylamde~, anu aRsumde mdebareobdahereTi.

martivad rom vTqvaT gulgulamde (filfilamde) _ iyokaxeTi, xolo TeTrwyal-aRsumde hereTi. e.i. hereTSi Se-dioda oguzis anu varTaSenis raioni, gabala, igive kut-kaSenis raioni da ismailis raioni, masSi Sedioda Semaxasraionis erTi nawili, aqedan gamomdinare kaxeTSi Sediod-nen Tanamedrove Seqis raioni, Tanamedrove gaxis raionianu kaxis raioni, Tanamedrove zaqaTalas raioni da Tan-amedrove belaqanis raioni.

Seqis raionis mTavar qalaqs Zvelad erqva nuxa, aqaursoflebSi iseve rogorc kaxeTis zemoCamoTvlil sxvaraionebSi eklesiebi aRumarTavs wm. mowame arCil mefes.

kaxeTis es eklesiebi da aseve hereTis zogierTi ekle-sia 1310 wels mouxilavs saqarTvelos patriarqs, hereTs

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zogjer albaneTsac uwodebdnen da misi sazRvrebi, ro-gorc aRiniSna, aRwevda gulgulamde anu varTaSenis sofelfilfilamde, mis dasavleTiT mdebare Seqis anu nuqasraioni istoriuli kaxeTis nawili iyo. amitomac nuxis,Seqis, kaxis, zaqaTalas da belaqnis raionebSi mdebareeklesiebi ar iyvnen albanuri eklesiebi. isini imTaviTvemcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen da maT aSenebdnen kidecqarTlis mefeebi.

amJamad, albanur eklesiebadaa miCneuli Seqis anu nuxisraionis soflebis bideizis, baSkiungiucis, orTazeizicisda kiSis (giSis) eklesiebi. miCneulia, rom kiSis eklesiawm. elisem (mociqulma eliSam) aago, es eklesiebi Tavismxriv s. karapetians somxur eklesiebad miaCnia, maSin rocaam eklesiaTa warsuli istoriis namdvil da ueWvel wyaro-Si, 1310 wlis qarTul dokumentSi isini qarTul iuris-diqciaSi moixseniebian da meore aseTive wyaroSi wm. ar-Cil mefis naRvawad miiCneva.

rac Seexeba azerbaijanel da somex mecnierTa Tval-sazriss, maT ar gaaCniaT araviTari pirdapiri wyaro daisini mxolod varaudebzea damyarebuli. magaliTad, vard-TaSenis eklesia 1310 wlis wyaroSi iwodeba elias sax-elobis eklesiad, elia _ yovelTvis ewodeboda wm.winaswarmetyvel ilias, xolo s. karapetians miaCnia, romTiTqosda wyaro uTiTebs ara elias, aramed _ eliSes _albaneTis ganmanaTlebels, Sesabamisad man es viTomdaeliSes eklesia albanur iurisdiqciaSi moaqcia. es wyaroscnobis gangeb damaxinjebaa.

oguzis raionis naxevarze meti tyiTaa dafaruli daaq aris bevri CanCqeri. aqaa tyeSi Cafluli sofeli filfi-la, igive ` tye-tba gulgula~... daviT aRmaSenebelma Tavis

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saxelmwifos SeuerTa amJamindel gabalasa da Samaxas Sua-mdebare Tanamedrove ismailis raioni azerbaijanSi, ro-melic istoriul hereTSi Sedioda.

3. `Seqi _ mdebareobs didi abreSumis gzis trasaze~.Saqi aris sityva Sakixisagan miRebuli, Tavis mxriv ` Sak-

ixi~ aris igive ` sakixi~, anu sakaxo, nawarmoebia fuZidan ` kax~(`kux~, `kix~) (aqedan sa-kax-o, Sa-kix-i, kux-eTi).

qiS-nuxi _ savaraudod mdebareobda punqt `giSTan~(kiSi).

nuxi _ Seqis raioni (Zveli nuxa).am olqSi xSiria saxelebi ` nux~ fuZe-ZiriT, mag. ganuxi

da nuxpato. `noxo~ - gamoqvabulia adreuli rkinis sad-gamis artefaqtebiT belaqnis raionSi.

rogorc aRvniSneT 1310 wlis cnobis mixedviT saqarTve-los patriarqma eqvTimem moixila kaxeTSi anwuxis saepisko-poso iqidan gadavida waxurSi Semdeg moixila kakelisenida am provinciis eklesiebi, kerZod qalaq kasrSi yov-ladwmida samebis saxelobis taZari, sofel yumSi RvTism-Soblis eklesia, sofel leqarTSi wm. mociqulTa sworninos saxelobis eklesia, sofel zarSi wm. mTavarmowamegiorgis eklesia, sofel vardianSi wm. abos saxelobiseklesia, sofel ganuxSi wm. arCilis saxelobis eklesia,sofel qiSnuxSi RvTismSoblis eklesia, sofel bardaSen-Si wm. winaswarmetyvel elias saxelobis eklesia da maTSemdeg mimoixila sxva provinciebi: kerZod mouvlia xun-ZeTi, naxCTa qveyana, TuSeTi, iqidan kvlav gadmosula kax-eTis mxares, moulocavs nekresis, laguTis, belaqanis, maj-fifineTis, ferijan-muxax-mamreTis da Zveli movakanis,anu vakis da elisenis eklesiebi, romlebic mdebareobd-nen verxvianT zeganidan ior-alaznis SesarTavamde. am

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dros patriarq eqvTimes miucia brZaneba, yoveli mTiu-leTis winamZRvari qurmuxeli mTavarepiskopos kiriledonaurisaTvis TviToeul am eklesiaSi gaegzavna satrap-ezo-saxarebis wigni. marTlac, sofel kakis wmida bar-bares eklesiis mRvdels iase qitiaSvils, rogorc zemoTaRvniSneT es davaleba Seusrulebia Tavis Tormet mowa-fesTan erTad.

qiS-nuxis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis eklesia am Camo-naTvalSi moTavsebulia vardiansa, ganuxsa da varTaSensSoris, unda vifiqroT, rom qiS-nuxi am regionSi mdebar-eobda. aRsaniSnavia, rom vardaSens _ bardaSeni erqva damisi saxeli SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos ara vinmepirovnebavardanTan, rogorc amJamad miiCneva iqaurigidebis mier, aramed qalaq bardas saxelTan, romelsacZvelqarTulad bardavi erqva. safiqrebelia, rom qalaqbardas marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba gadasaxlda axalregionSi, sadac amJamad vardaSeni, igive oguzi mdebare-obs da daafuZvna bardaSeni. am gadasaxlebas TiTqosdavardaSenis mosaxleobis erTi nawilis eTnosaxeli `udi-elebic~ (udini) miuTiTebs. isini bardis regionis utiscnobili provinciis mcxovrebTa saxeli unda iyos.

maSasadame, utielebi gadasaxldnen ufro CrdiloeTiTda maT Tan gadaitanes Zveli provinciis - `utisa~ da misimTavari qalaqis _ ` bardas~ saxeli - `uti-udinebi~, `barda-varTaSeni~.

wyaroebSi aseve naxsenebia punqti, romlis saxelicxelnawerebSi waSlilia, Tumca ikiTxeba: _ ` Ta...sarani~, s.karapetiani mas daRestnis tabasarans ukavSirebs. is, CansvardaSenis regionidan CrdilokavkasiaSi mimaval gzazemdebareobda. `Ta...saranis~ eklesia wm. petres saxelo-bisa yofila.

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vadaSenidan filfilas gavliT Crdilo kavkasiaSi ga-dasul patriarqs mouxilavs jer tabasaranis, Semdeg kixunZTa eklesiebi.

4. xunZTa eklesiebi naxsenebia tabasaranis Semdeg.wyaroSi xunZeTis adgilsamyofeli cnobilia, mas am-

Jamad avarielebis qveyana ewodeba daRestanSi, avariele-bi, rogorc iTqva, cxovrobdnen mdinare sulakis xeobaSi,aseve Sua da dasavleT daRestanSi, mdinare andisa da av-aris koisus xeobebSi, romlebic amJamad Seadgendnenbuinakisa da xasaviurtis raionebs.

5. naxCTa eklesiebinaxCebs amJamad uwodeben CeCnebs, aseve vainaxebs, pa-

triarq eqvTimes dros naxCebis qveyanaSi, anu Tanamed-rove CeCneTSi, mravali qarTuli eklesia yofila, rom-lebic saqarTvelos patriarqma moinaxula. igulisxmebarom isini saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sediodnen (naxCe-bis qveyana im droisTvis ufro metad mdebareobda mTiszonaSi, radganac Crdilokavkasiis vake 1310 wlis doku-mentSi ar igulisxmeba).

qurmuxis mTavarepiskoposs kiriles ebara `yovelimTiuleTi~ anu kavkasiis mTianeTis eklesiebi _ xunZebis,naxCebisa da sxvaTa.

Cans xunZTa eklesiebSi igulisxmeba mdinare asas xeo-bisa da tyobaierdis eklesiebic. Cans isini mTavarepisko-pos kirile donauris winamZRvrobiT imarTeboda.

6. wyaroSi TuSeTi ToSeTad moixseneba. Cans TuSeTSicyofila eklesiebi da monastrebic.

7. TuSeTidan patriarqi eqvTime gadasula da mouxilavsnekresis, lagoeTis (lagodexis) da belaqanis eklesiebi.

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8. Semdeg wyaroSi naxsenebia maj-fifineTi da ferijan-muxax-mamreTi.

muxaxi mdebareobs zaqaTalas raionSi, q. zaqaTalassamxreT-aRmosavleTiT. mis samxreTiT ramdenime kilo-metrSi aris sofeli aliabadi. wyarodan Cans, rom maj-fifineTi da ferijan-muxax-mamreTi mdebareobda Tanamed-rove belaqanisa da zaqaTalas raionebSi.

amis Semdeg wyaroSi dasaxelebulia `yoveli vake~ masamave wyaroSi aseve ewodeba Zveli movakani da eliseni, Canses ukanaskneli anu eliseni verxvianT zeganidan ior-alaz-nis SesarTavamde mdebareobda, xolo movakani erqva vrcelteritorias aRniSnuli SesarTavidan mtkvris xeobas vidreTiTqmis kaspiis zRvamde.

rogorc iTqva, zaqaTalas momdevno kaxis raionissofel kakSi wm. barbares saxelobis taZari yofila erT-erTi umTavresi samwignobro centri aRniSnuli vrceliregionisa, saidanac qarTuli saRvTismsaxuro wignebiTmaragdeboda yvela aRniSnuli eklesia-monasteri, e.i.Tanamedrove kabalas (gabalas) raionidan vidre CeCneTi-sa da daRestnis CaTvliT (SeiZleba SevadaroT, toponimikabala-gabala, `gaburi~ _ saxeli kaxeTis mTavarisa daaseve saxeli `gabuloci~).

SeniSvna:1) leqarTi _ dRevandeli `lekiTi~.2) zari _ zarna.3) zagemi, bazarqalaqi _ aksibazari (zaqaTalasTan) _ kaxe-

Tis mefeTa rezidencia _ aliabadTan.4) maWi (VIII s.) _ lagodex-belaqanis gzaze, maWiswylTan (la-

godexTan axlos) _ kaxeTis mefeTa sazamTro rezidencia.5) boeTani _ kaxeTis mefeTa erT-erTi didi rezidencia _

md. belaqanis da alaznis SesarTavTan. aq iRebdnen elCebs.

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6) `kavkasiis didi kedeli~ (saingilos didi galavani _ iwye-boda yv