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Emergency Splinting & Bandaging and Taping TechniquesChapter 7, pp194-199Chapter 11, pp259-279
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Immediate Treatment of Orthopedic InjuryOne primary goalReduction of swellingPRICEProtectionRestIceCompressionElevation
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Cold ApplicationDecreases painProduces vasoconstriction Controls hemorrhage and edemaDecreases local cell metabolismDecreases tissues need for oxygenReduces hypoxiaSensations- Cold, burning, aching, numb
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Emergency SplintingTwo vital principlesSplint from one joint above the fracture to one joint below the fractureSplint the injury in the position it is found
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SplintsVacuum splintsStyrofoam chips contained inside an airtight cloth, pliable sleeveMolds to shape of injury using a handheld pump to draw out the air from within the sleeveAir splintsExtremity splintingProvides clear view of injury during x-ray
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SplintingLower limbFractures of knee, thigh, and hip require splinting of all limbsUpper limbShoulder injuries are splinted in a slingElbow injuries must be splinted in the position foundWrist injuries must be splinted in forearm flexion and should include a slingFingers splinted with aluminum splints
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Splinting
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Bandaging and TapingProvides compression to minimize swelling in the initial management of injuryReduces the chances of injury by applying tape prophylacticallyProvides additional support to an injured structure
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Elastic BandagesMost often used for compression for injuriesCan be used to secure dressing for a woundCan also be used for cold applicationCan provide support to injured tissues
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Technique for applicationAlways begin distally and move proximallyWrap the body part in the position of maximum muscle contraction to ensure unhampered movement and circulationUse a larger number of turns with moderate tension than a limited number of turns and tighterEach turn of the bandage should be overlapped by at least one half to prevent separation of the material (can pinch and irritate skin)
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Adhesive TapingCommon techniquesArch Great ToeToesAnkle- CLOSED BASKET WEAVEAchilles TendonKneeElbowWristThumbFingers