Step 1

Psychology & Education PsychologyUnderstanding Child Psychology

Importance to TeachersBasic Concepts

Instinct (naluri)Drive (desakan)

Needs (keperluan)Motivation (motivasi)

Psychology• Science of understanding behaviour of living

organisms, i.e. of animals and humans• Study of mental processes

– the mind’s processes can only be inferred through the study of behaviour that one exhibits.

– gives us insight into how and why people behave the way they do,

– why they react in a particular manner to situations,– how they think and feel.

The word ‘psycho’ originated from Greece meaning ‘soul’ and ‘logy’ means ‘to study’.

Psychology …

• Psychology is a scientific approach/study – Attempts to explain human reactions that are the result

of inherited qualities and those which are the result of acquired behaviour patterns.

• Analyses of data– Enable educationists to understand how we acquire

knowledge and what factors influence such learning– Information helps teachers to design teaching processes

appropriately for effective learning to take place.

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Educational Psychology

• Application of principles of psychology to the field of education

• Assist teachers to handle behaviour and emotions of children as they acquire knowledge and skills in the classroom.

Importance of Educational Psychology

Parents & Teachers will better understand •how each child thinks and works, •why certain emotions and thoughts emerge, •how to help them develop positive attitudes; •behaviour, attitudes and relationships amongst children in social settings; •and identify mental disorders early in children based on what is normal growth and development;•how to structure curriculum so that optimum teaching and learning takes place in the classroom.

Video Clip & Activity

• Discuss some of the ways you can handle children’s misbehaviour based on the video clip.

• What are the challenges that you have faced and how did you handle them? Share your experience in your group. Report the most challenging situation with the class.

Highly Successful Strategies to Guide Young Children's Behavior - Dr. Patricia Vardin - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8os0WLSME10

5 Areas of Importance• Growth & Development of the child

– Mental development– Physical development – Emotional development– Moral reasoning – Social Interaction

• Various Learning styles of children– Language– Arithmetic– Creativity– Motivation– Communication

• Personality & Individual differences– Family & cultural influences– Gifted children– Special needs children

• Evaluation & Testing– Various tools for intelligence testing– Appropriate grading

• Teaching strategies - methods and techniques– Selecting methodologies to make learning effective & fun

INSTRUCTION

TEACHER PUPIL

Know how they learn

How to motivate them

Plan lesson well

Uses teaching aids

Manage behaviourPlan

activities

Set rules

Know they have different abilities

INSTRUCTION

CONTENT

Select creative techniques

Know physical difference

Know rate of learning fast/slow

EVALUATION TO KNOW IF INSTRUCTION IS SUCCESSFUL

Basic Concepts in Psychology• Instincts of the child (Naluri)

– Inborn response to certain stimuli• Drives (Desakan)

– automatic reaction to bodily requirements• Needs (Keperluan)

– Basic needs are food, water, oxygen, shelter – Secondary needs are security, love, self-esteem,

(cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, self-actualization)• Motivation (Motivation)

– The desire in us to act / do• intrinsic (internal urge to act)• Extrinsic (acting because of a desirable external reward)

Homeostatic Equilibrium

Needs of a childBasics for a child’s good physical health:

– Nutritious food– Adequate shelter and sleep– Exercise– Immunizations– Healthy living environment

Basics for a child’s good mental health:– Unconditional love from family– Self-confidence and high self-esteem– The opportunity to play with other children– Encouraging teachers and supportive caretakers– Safe and secure surroundings– Appropriate guidance and discipline