4. PrePlanning & Stakeholder Analysis
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Project Planning 2: Pre-Planning and Stakeholder Analysis
description
Part 2 of a course in aid project cycle planning using the logical framework approach.Part 4 of a series on managing teams in NGOs.(4-6 hours)
Transcript of 4. PrePlanning & Stakeholder Analysis
Project Planning 2:
Pre-Planning and
Stakeholder Analysis
Overview of this session
Project Cycle Step 1
What is Project Pre-Planning?
Planning Toolso PROBLEM TREEo STAKEHOLDER ANALYSISo OBJECTIVES ANALYSISo ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
Exercise and Comments
“ZOPP / GOPP / OOPP Goal Oriented Project Planning
“Planning … aimed at the needs of target groups, the key parts of a project agreed with those
concerned”
Generic Project Cycle
Identification
Appraisal
Negotiation and Approval
Implementation &Monitoring
Evaluation
ZOPP and the Project Cycle GTZ - 5 ZOPP Stages
1. Pre-project planning
2. Starting Appraisal
3. Partner Negotiation
4. Plan Finalization
Implementation and Monitoring
5. Evaluation
Pre Project Planning:
Identify Problem Problem Analysis
o Stakeholder consultations
Preliminary feasibility studyo Identification of funding agencieso Consideration of possible approacheso Site consultation
Pre Project Planning:
Possible outputso Concept note/papero Proposalo Preliminary feasibility report
Pre-project planning
In-house exercise by agency
Problem Analysis o Problem Identification: Problem Treeo Stakeholder Analysiso Objectives Analysiso Alternatives Analysis
1. Problem Analysis
1. Identify the major problem faced by the beneficiaries
2. Develop a problem tree
3. Identify the stakeholders affected in the proposed project
Problem Analysis
4. Objectives Analysis
5. Alternatives Analysis
6. Strategies Analysis
Problem Tree
A process of putting a lot of problems on cards, and then sorting
o causeso effects
By sorting these you will find a natural focal point (or points) – the core problem
Note: this is different to Visualisation in Participatory Processes where the core problem has already been identified
How to do problem analysis
Identify key problems in a given situation (brainstorming) Select a starter problem Look for related problems to the starter problem Establish hierarchy of causes and effects
problems which are directly causing the starter problem are placed above (or below)
problems which are direct effects of the starter problem are placed below (or above)
Complete with all other problems Review the diagram
Is the starter problem you chose the core problem Is it true and complete
Problem Tree
2. Stakeholder Analysis
1. Consider appropriate level for analysis
2. Identify key stakeholders
3. Look at their needs, characteristics, circumstances
4. Identify patterns of interaction between stakeholders
5. Assess power (influence) and potential (importance)
Stakeholder Analysis: List
Stakeholders Key Interests
Importance to Project
Influence on project
Participation
Primary
Secondary
Stakeholder Analysis: ListExample: School Attendance
Stake-holders
Key Interests Importance to Project
Influence on project
Participation
School Age Children
Get work The target group
Small – they do what they are told
Engaged at various stages
Parents Child’s future
Have authority over the children
High – control children
Maybe small
Teachers Their job, role, status
High – implementers?
Medium – depends on approach
May be high
Sort into groups
Importance is how much a stakeholder stands to lose or gain from the project.
Influence is how much a stakeholder can affect project success.
Matrix
Stakeholder Analysis: Matrix
May need special initiatives if needs are to be met.
The Target Group should be here
Project Managers will need good working relationships with these stakeholders to ensure support for project activities
The interests of these should be monitored to ensure that
they are not negatively affected
Influential stakeholders but with less importance for outputs. They affect outcome of activities and need careful
management
Low
Inf
luen
ceH
igh Influence
High Potential Significance or Importance
Low Importance
Stakeholder Analysis: MatrixExample: School Attendance Project
Children Teachers
Dept of Education
Women’s Association Elders
Monks
Low
Inf
luen
ceH
igh Influence
High Potential Significance or Importance
Low Importance
Take a Break
Exercise: Problem Tree& Stakeholder Analysis
• Choose a problem in the community
• Divide in 2 groups
1. Do a problem tree
2. Do a stakeholder analysis matrix
3. Objectives Analysis
Change the Problem Tree into an Objectives Tree
Change the negative problems into positive outcomes
o “no staff in clinic’ becomes “fully staffed clinic”
Example: Problem Tree
Becomes: Objective Tree
Sufficient Funds Best Practice Water Administration
Low Rate of Disease
Low Infant Mortality
High Productivity
High Incomes
Low Infant Mortality
High Incomes
High ProductivityLow Infant Mortality
High Incomes
Low Rate of Disease
High ProductivityLow Infant Mortality
High Incomes
Low Rate of Disease
High ProductivityLow Infant Mortality
High Incomes
Low Rate of Disease
High ProductivityLow Infant Mortality
High Incomes
Best Practice Water Administration
All Houses Connected
Low Rate of Disease
High ProductivityLow Infant Mortality
High Incomes
Best Practice Water Administration
Adequate Clean WATER
Low Rate of Disease
High ProductivityLow Infant Mortality
High Incomes
Sufficient Funds
Good Water System
Best Practice Water Administration
Low Rate of Disease
High ProductivityLow Infant Mortality
High Incomes
MEANS
ENDS
DESIRABLE STATE
If necessary, revise statements, delete objectives that appear unrealistic and add new objectives.
This is another sample of doing an analysis
It works on a problem already known
It is looking at the causes side only
Objectives Analysis Example 2
EFFECTS
CAUSES
The system receives
no maintenance
The irrigation system is faulty
Some irrigation structureshave been destroyed
Support services for farmers are not
available in the area
The farmers have no
investment capacity
Rice production is insufficient for the population of village x
Agricultural practices are unsuitable
a) Problem tree
b) Identifying stakeholders
PUBLICPRIVATESMALL (micro)
LARGE (macro)
FAO
MoA
Irrigation
Dept.
Agric. Ext.services
NGO
Farmers’ groupsFarmers
Fertiliser suppliers
c) Transforming Problems into Objectives
Rice production is insufficient for the population of village x
The irrigation system is faulty
Agricultural practices are unsuitable
The system receives
no maintenance
Some irrigation structures
have been destroyed
Support services for farmers
are not available
Farmers do not have
investment capacity
Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x
The irrigation system is working
Agricultural practices are appropriate
The system receives
proper maintenance
Support services for farmers are available
Damaged irrigation structures
are repaired
Farmers have the resources to
invest
d) Objectives tree
MEANS
ENDSRice production is sufficient for
the population of village x
The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate
The system receives
proper maintenance
Damaged irrigation structures
are repaired
Support services for farmers are available
Farmers have the resources to
invest
4. Alternatives Analysis
List all the different approacheso Assesso Compare
Look at inputs (cost) and outcomes (results)
Look at Alternatives
Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x
The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate
The system receives
proper maintenance
Damaged irrigation structures
are repaired
Farmers have the resources to
invest
Training of District staff
Channel & Dam Repair
project
Strengthen Agriculture
Dept
Start a Savings Group / Bank
Farmer Co-op
Support services for farmers are available
4. Alternatives Analysis
Possible criteria to choose the intervention method of your project among different alternatives:
Available resources (especially HR)
Probability of achieving the project purpose and its results
Cost
Timeframe
Risks
5. Analysis of strategy
SPECIFICOBJECTIVE
(or project purpose)
EXPECTED RESULTS
OVERALLOBJECTIVE
CHOSEN STRATEGY
Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x
The irrigation system is working
Agricultural practices are appropriate
The system receives
proper maintenance
Damaged irrigation structures
are repaired
Support services for
farmers are available
Farmers have the
resources to invest
Next step…
Having chosen your intervention strategy,
you can write the log frame.
The next session will show how to do that
Discussion
Questions and follow ups
Feedback
Thank youThank you
ហាកុ�នហាកុ�ន
Produced by Tony Hobbs
Health Unlimited,
Ratanakiri, Cambodia
www.healthunlimited.org
With the support of Australian Volunteers Internationalwww.australianvolunteers.com
© 2009 HU. Use with Acknowledgement
