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Transcript of 4. Fosforilasi oksidatif.ppt
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Electron TransportSystem dan
FosforilasiOksidatif
Jumeri M. Wikarta, Ph.D
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Overview of Cellular Respiration
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Step 1: l!"ol!sis
Glucose + 2ADP 2 pyruvate +2ATP
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Hi ATP!
#i$. 1%&'
Glycolysis
O""urs in the "!tosol lu"ose meta(oli)e* to
+ p!ruvate + -P
/i$h 0-P inhi(itsphosphofru"tokinase
2P#34
/i$h 0-DP stimulatesP#3
Pasteur E"ect:
5n"rease in the rate of"ar(oh!*rate(reak*own that o""urswhen swit"he* fromaero(i" to anaero(i""on*itions
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Step +: Citri" -"i* C!"le
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Mito"hon*ria
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Citri" -"i*C!"le
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Citri" -"i* C!"le
a.k.a. 3re(s C!"le, C- C!"le
O""urs in mito"hon*rialmatri6
P!ruvate rea"ts with Co- toform -"et!l Co-
7-D, #-Dre*u"e* to 7-D/,#-D/+,
7-D/, #-D/+enter theele"tron transport "hain
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8Su#strate level p$osp$orylation
8O%idative p$osp$orylation
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Step ': 9le"tron transport "hain an* o6i*ativephosphor!lation
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Overvie& of t$e ElectronTransport '$ain ( )espiratory
'$ain *
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Electron transport and o%idativep$osp$orylation
Complete o6i*ation of $lu"ose (! mole"ular o6!$en "an (e*es"ri(e* as:
C%/1+O% %O+ %CO+ %/+O o;&+
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'$emiosmotic T$eory8 Electron Transport: 9le"trons "arrie* (! re*u"e* "oen)!mes
are passe* throu$h a "hain of proteins an* "oen)!mes to *rivethe $eneration of a proton $ra*ient a"ross the innermito"hon*rial mem(rane
8 O%idative P$osp$orylation: he proton $ra*ient runs
*ownhill to *rive the s!nthesis of -P
8 Electron transport is coupled &it$ o%idativep$osp$orylation
8 5t all happens in or at the inner mito"hon*rial mem(rane
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O%idative P$osp$orylation
O6i*ative phosphor!lation is the pro"ess (! whi"h theener$! store* in 7-D/ an* #-D/+is use* to pro*u"e -P.
-. O6i*ation step- ele"tron transport "hain
., Phosphor!lation step
NADH + H++ O2 NAD++ H2O12
FADH2 + O
2
1
2FAD + H
2O
ADP + Pi
ATP
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#i$. 1%&'+
/ transport results in anele"tro"hemi"al $ra*ient
Proton motive force:ener$! release* (! @owof /*own its $ra*ient isuse* for -P s!nthesis
ATP synt$ase: /"hannel that "ouplesener$! from /@ow with
-P s!nthesis
O%idativeP$osp$orylati
on
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Fig. 16-9
Summary
lu"ose
-P
A h l
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-D/
a"etal*eh!*e
EtOH
a"eti" a"i*Co-
Aeast ethanolmeta(olism
lu"ose
-P
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9le"tron transport "haininhi(itors an* su(strates
Fig. 16-19
rotenone -ntim!"in -
So*ium a)i*e
lutamate, malate-s"or(ate MPD
/ $i#it d
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#i$. 1%&'+
/n$i#itors
Atractyloside- -DP=-Pantiporter
Oli0omycin--P s!nthase
1ncouplers
DPshuttles /
a"ross innermem(rane, *issipates $ra*ient
'a'l2stimulates o6i*ativephosphor!lation an* -Ppro*u"tion
Atractyloside
oli0omycin
DP
'a2+
/n$i#itors anduncouplers of o%idative
p$osp$orylation
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Electron Transport
/n$i#itors
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1ncouplers Disrupt t$e'ouplin0 of Electron Transport
S f C ll l
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Summar! of Cellular9ner$eti"s
Glucose
P!ruvate
-"et!l Co-
7-D/ #-D/+
9le"tron transport "hain
O+ /+O9ner$! release* use* to pump /"reatin$ an ele"ro"hemi"al $ra*ient
#low of protons *own the $ra*ient fuels -P s!nthase
ADP + Pi ATP
Glycolysis
'itric Acid 'ycle
O%idativeP$osp$orylatio
n
7ð!lmaleimi*e
9tO/
Su""inate
Malate#-D/+
7-D/
Rotenone-ntim!"in -
So*ium -)i*e
1ncouplersCa+, D7P
Oli$om!"in
-tra"t!losi*e
-s"or(ate MPD
/i$h 0-P
2Pasteur eBe"t4
#i$. 1%&+
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tan ar re uct on
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tan ar re uct onpotentials of t$e ma3or
respiratory electron
carriers,
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See movie
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-fter $l!"ol!sis an* C- "!"le, 1? 7-D/an* + #-D/+ are $enerate* from theo6!*ation of one $lu"ose mole"ule.
-/+ 7-D - 7-D/ /
Or
/+ #-D #-D/+
*eh!*ro$enase
*eh!*ro$enase
9le"tron transport, also known as aero9le"tron transport, also known as aero
respiration, is the last sta$e of aero(i"respiration, is the last sta$e of aero(i"meta(olism.meta(olism.
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When there is suE"ient O+ suppl!, 7-D/
an*#-D/+ enter ele"tron transport "hain to(e"ome reo6i*i)e*
Far$e amount of ener$! is re"overe*,whenele"trons are passe* from 7-D/ an*#-D/+
to O+.
his is a""omplishe* (! a series of "arrierprotein in the inner mito"hon*rial
mem(rane .
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Mito"hon*rial 9le"tron ransport
#ol*in$ in the mito"hon*ria innermem(rane provi*es a lar$e surfa"earea.
9le"tron&transport "hain "omponentsare arran$e* in pa"ka$es "alle*
respirator! assem(liesrespirator! assem(lies.
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9le"tron ransport an* O6i*ative9le"tron ransport an* O6i*ative
Phosphor!lation:Phosphor!lation:
5n 9S, ele"trons are transferre* from7-D/an* #-D/+ to O+ step (! step.
5n the mean time, ener$! release* fromele"tron @ow is "ouple* to -P s!nthesis.
/ere, phosphor!lation of -DP is "ouple*with
he o6i*ation of 7-D/ or #-D/+.
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7-D/ / 1=+ O+ 7-D /+
#-D/+ 1=+ O+ #-D /+
-DP Pi -P
-DP Pi -P
The energy released during the electron flowis coupled to ATP synthesis.
-P s!nthase
-P s!nthase
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Composition of the 9le"tronransport Chain
#our lar$e protein "omple6es.
Comple6 5 & 7-D/&Coen)!me G re*u"tase
Comple6 55 & Su""inate&Coen)!me G re*u"tase Comple6 555 & C!to"hrome " re*u"tase
Comple6 5H & C!to"hrome " o6i*ase
Man! of the "omponents are proteins withprostheti" $roups to move ele"trons.
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Electron Transport
8 Four protein comple%es in t$einner mitoc$ondrial mem#rane
8 A lipid solu#le coen4yme (156'o5* and a &ater solu#leprotein (cyt c* s$uttle #et&een
protein comple%es8 Electrons 0enerally fall in
ener0y t$rou0$ t$e c$ain
from comple%es / and // to
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matri6
Comple65
Comple6555
Comple65H
CoG
"!t (
"!t"
"!t"1
2Cu4"!t
a=a'
7-D/ O+
#-D/+
Comple6 55
Fe
S
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'ofactors of t$e electron transportc$ain
8 FeS clusters8 'oen4yme 5 (u#i8uinone*
8 Flavin mononucleotide
8 FAD
8 'ytoc$rome a
8 'ytoc$rome #
8 'ytoc$rome c
8 'uA
8 'u.
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9le"tron ransport Chain
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Mito"hon*ria
outer mem(rane relativel! permea(le
inner mem(rane permea(le onl! tothose thin$s with spe"iI" transporters
5mpermea(le to 7-D/ an* #-D/+
Permea(le to p!ruvate
Compartmentali)ation
3re(s an* K&o6i*ation in matri6
l!"ol!sis in "!tosol
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Outer 9em#rane: Freelypermea#le to small moleculesand ions, 'ontains porins &it$ ;cytosol? of t$e mitoc$ondria, Protein ric$ (@
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9itoc$ondrial transport
T$e inner mem#rane is impermea#le to$ydrop$ilic su#stances. /as spe"ial transport
s!stems for the followin$:1. l!"ol!ti"all! pro*u"e* "!tosoli" 7-D/.
+. Mito"hon*riall! pro*u"e* meta(olites 2O--,a"et!l&Co-4 for "!tosoli" $lu"ose formation an*
fatt! a"i* (ios!nthesis.'. Mito"hon*riall! pro*u"e* -P must $o to "!tosol
where -P&utili)in$ rea"tions take pla"e.
96ample: "!toplasmi" shuttle s!stems transport7-D/ a"ross inner mem(rane.
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5mportant "hara"teristi" of the5mportant "hara"teristi" of the
ele"tron&ele"tron&transport "hain:transport "hain:
9le"tron "arriers are arran$e* in or*erof in"reasin$ ele"tron aEnit!, from lowto hi$h.
his results in the spontaneous @ow ofele"trons from "arrier to "arrier.
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99oo, stan*ar* re*u"tion potentials., stan*ar* re*u"tion potentials.
he more positive the 9o value a mole"ule has,the(etter it serves as an ele"tron a""eptor.
O+ has the hi$hest 9o 2?.
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"!t "
G
Comple6 5
Comple6 55 Comple6 555
Comple6 5H
&?.>
&?.+
?.?
?.+
?.>
?.%
?.Transport? of ADH across inner mitomem#rane
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mem#rane
Glycerol p$osp$ate s$uttle
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y p p
1. Simpler (ut less ener$! eE"ient than the malate&aspartate shuttle.
+. Supplies ele"trons in a manner similar to succinatede$ydro0enase
'. -ppro6. + -P per 7-D/, a(out ?. -P less than themalate&aspartate shuttle.
>. -*vanta$e&irreversi(le so it operates eE"ientl! evenwhen "!toplasmi" 7-D/ is low relative to 7-D.
N. Malate&aspartate shuttle is reversi(le & *riven (!"on"entration $ra*ients.
)eo%idation of 'ytosolic ADH
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)eo%idation of 'ytosolic ADH
8T$e 0lycerol Bp$osp$ate s$utt
"!toplasmi"
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7-D 7-D/ /
! p$l!"erol&'&phosphate
*eh!*ro$enase
Glycerol p$osp$ate
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y p ps$uttle
9alateaspartate s$uttle
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p
+ phases
Phase -
1. C!tosoli" 7-D/ re*u"es O-- to malate 2malate D/4.2, 9alateketo0lutarate carriertransports malate from
"!tosol to mito"hon*rial matri6, e6"han$e* for &3
'. 5n the matri6, 7-D reo6i*i)es malate to make O-- an*!iel* 7-D/.
Phase >. ransaminase "onverts O-- to -sp an* lu to &3.
N. he 0lutamateapartate carriertransports -sp from thematri6 in e6"han$e for lu.
%. ransaminase in "!tosol "onverts lu to -sp.
' -Ps for ever! 7-D/ (ut loses ?.' -P (e"ause ea"h 7-D/enters matri6 with proton 2!iel* +. -P4.
Malate&aspartate shuttle
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Malate aspartate shuttle
F&aspartate
Matri6
&keto$lutarate
F&$lutamate
F&aspartate
&keto$lutarate
F&$lutamate
o6aloa"etate
mito"hon*rial
aspartateaminotransferase
F&malate F&malate
o6aloa"etate
7-D
' -P
7-D
7-D/
/
7-D/ /
l!"ol!sis
mito"hon*rial
malate*eh!*ro$enase
"!toplasmi"
aspartateaminotransferase
"!toplasmi" malate *eh!*ro$enase
8 T$e malate aspartate s$uttle
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8T$e malateaspartate s$uttle
-P S!nthesis an* $lu"ose( li
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meta(olism
'H;2O+ O2+ B Pi+B ADP + B H+
'O2+ B ATP + =2 H2O