3D PRINTED HOMES NOT SUITABLE FOR MODERN NEEDS

© Romy Jardine+44 (0) 7745 186 353romy@rda.globalwww.rda.globalBerkeley Square, Mayfair,London W1J 6BD

3D PRINTING

HOUSES

“Will the

World’s next

Megacity drip

out of a 3D

printer?”

• The term 3D printing refers to the production of physical objects layer-by-layer by an automated and usually computer-controlled machine.

• The technology provides for a wide range of applications - from surgical implants to spare parts for cars to lightweight structures for aerospace projects.

• 3 Main Factors:

- Suitable materials

- Freedom of design

- Fabricating complex shapes offsite or onsite

A near-perfect match for the construction industry…

Types of 3D Printing

FDM - Fused Deposition Modelling“The Hosepipe”

Can make large parts Needs robots & cranes Low quality Very cheap Needs detailed calibration Each time

SLA - Stereolithography Laser Powered Low - Medium quality Uses resins More Expensive Resins £/€ 70 per kg Resins need to be removed with alcohol afterwards

SLS - Selective Laser Sintering High quality Powdered Metal Very expensive Max size 50-60 cm £/€ 50-60 per kg Needs time to cool afterwards

The ProcessHere you can see examples of the large scaffold that has to be built first.

Then slowly building up layers of rough concrete and joins which is with all currentgeneration 3D printing.

Eco Friendly?Concrete houses are the opposite of eco friendly and bleed all the heating energy intothe atmosphere.

Cold, hard and noisy to sleep and live in, with no sound or heating insulation.

Once the concrete is poured and set conventional manual processes are needed to finish the building:

o Multiple boards have to be cut and fixed by hand both sides to cover therough concrete.

o [Gyprock / drywall / plasterboard / mdf / wood]o Electric Cables & Water Pipes have to be cut into the boards and fixedo The cut outs in the boards for the cables and pipes need to be repairedo A decorator has to apply smooth plaster / gypsum to the outside boardo The plaster / gypsum finish needs to dry then be sanded and painted several

times.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCzS2FZoB-I&t=56s

Problems with 3D Printing Technology

Unfortunately the majority of 3D printing for housing andbuilding is very slow and low quality.

Usually a small nozzle on a slow moving robot arm thatdeposits just one small layer of concrete or similar substanceat a time.

Several issues stopped current 3D printing technology beingused on a large scale:

The basic process does not pass building safetystandards, codes or regulations.

Only the concrete pouring can be automated

The rest of the construction process continues to bemanual

For a finished product - fit to live in – very little cost andtime saving

A lot of setup time and labour for the Robot

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvBnA-jIcPU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViqzfPW6TFo

Brick Laying Robots Brick laying robots are now available.

But they still need a mason and assistant full time to:

o Carry the 25kg+ sacks of sand and cement

o Mix the cement and sand with water

o Feed the Robots with Bricks and Mortar

o Apply mortar to the bricks for most robots

Issues

o Human workers still need to set up the roboto Move the robot and track for every wallo Health and Safetyo Laying bricks at difficult angleso Most brick laying robots are not fast enougho As well as clearing up…o Robot maintenance in gritty and wet environmento For the better robots: $500,000 +

BRINGING CONSTRUCTION INTO THE 21ST CENTURY

Sci-Fi or Reality ?How Long ?How Much ?

© Romy Jardine+44 (0) 7745 186 353romy@rda.globalwww.rda.globalBerkeley Square, Mayfair,London W1J 6BD

PROBLEM - HOUSING SHORTAGES GLOBALLY

ACUTE NEEDS FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING

UN: 100,000 new houses need to

be built every day until 2030

Saudi Arabia: $1.5 billion lease of

100 3D machines from Winsun

(China)

Dubai: Requires 25% of new

buildings to be 3D printed by 2030

Construction has not evolved with technology in the last 100-200years, and is now too expensive to supply the global housingshortages.• Uses materials from 1,000 years ago: sand, gypsum dust, bricks

and sticks

• Is poor quality and 95% manual - using expensive skilled labour

• Huge shortage of construction workers – workforce is ageing

• Traditional construction is very slow and inefficient

• One in five projects completes 20 months behind schedule*

• 80% of projects run over budget*

* McKinsey report Oct 17 on digital innovation in construction

US 11+mHouseholdsPay >50%income in rentAnnual Construction $1.3 trillion

2 millionhouses Germany€300 billion

3.9 millionhousesUK £600 billion

HOUSING CRISIS

CURRENT SHORTAGES

SOLUTION : Robotics, Automation & New Technologies Inside a 3D injection machineduring manufacture

2 giant motors per 3D injection head.

Equivalent to a powerful car

Small 3D injection head

From £90,000 / $110,000 3 Bedroom house

Factory gross profit of 25% ≈ £30,000 / $40,000 per house

Scale up to 10,000 houses p.a. per Mega factory

Build 10 sites p.a. 100-500 homes £50k / $70k profit per house

Automation & machinery reduces expensive labour by 90%

Construction reduced from 6-9 months to 7-10 days per house

Capital return to Investors years 2-3 onwards

12-18 months payback for machinery is standard in manufacturing

Investors Return 10-15x year 4 30-40x year 6 60x + year 8

OUR PLAN

INSIDE A 3D INJECTION MACHINE

Robot with small 3D injection head.

For rapid prototyping and making fine details

Buildings can look High Quality

& Expensive

High Speed Injection Head.

We use 8 “XXL big brother” versions in parallel at the same time

Inject a large wall, floor or ceiling

in just 90 seconds

Chemical processing plant for large scale and rapid 3D Printing-Injection.

Able to mix, process and supply the large amount of chemicals to

3D Injects a whole wall

in just 90 seconds

TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION - REDEFINING STATE-OF-THE-ART “If you need a machine and don't buy it,you will ultimately find that you havepaid for it and don't have it”

Henry Ford

Machinery to manufacture walls, floors & ceilings in single pieces.

13.2m wide by 2.7m tall (ceiling height) 16.5m by 3.2m for US market

45 mins per wall / floor

Saves 2-3 weeks labour per piece

Used to manufacture and expand our own factories quickly & cheaply.

Small machine for making roof panels:

- Reduces labor by 75%

- Very high insulation

- Weather proof panels

ZERO CARBON and PASSIVHAUS CONSTRUCTION

✓ OSB3 combined with Polyurethane foam is the premium recipe for highly energy efficient construction

✓ The OSB and Polyurethane foam core when autohesively bonded form an extremely strong composite SIPS Panel

✓The thermal Resistance (R value) and Thermal Insulation (lambda / U value) are vastly superior to mineral wool, glass wool and nearly all other forms of construction

✓ Exceptional wall U values of 0.10 – 0.20 W/m2 K

✓ The OSB is PEFC Chain of Custody certified

✓ Excellent Air Tightness - vastly superior to 10 m3/hour/m2 at 50 Pa maximum required by Building Regulations

✓ Extremely low thermal bridging in the panel

✓ Zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and

✓ Low Global Warming Potential (GWP) blowing agent used

TECHNICAL BENEFITS

✓ Engineered to meet UK & EU regulations

✓Designed for mortgage an picd finance approval requirements

✓ Increased resistance to damp and mould

✓Not weather dependent 24/7 365 production

✓Windows, cables & doors pre-installed on the production lines

✓No bricklaying, plasterboard, plastering or painting on site

QUALITY BENEFITS

✓ Suitable for housing, schools, hospitals and commercial

✓ Low Density to High Rise; Affordable to Luxury; Mixed Use

✓ Design flexibility and computer controlled accuracy

✓Constant skilled workforce - not different contractors

✓ Reduced defects and snagging - saving time and costs

✓ Improved health and comfort - High home occupier satisfaction

FINANCIAL BENEFITS

✓ Substantial cost savings from design stage onwards

✓ 60 -80% decrease in construction time

✓ Reduced financing costs & Improved cash flow

✓ Earlier sale or rental income

✓ Economic Cycle Risk - vastly reduced

✓Accurate fixed prices

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

✓ 90% less deliveries to site

✓ 90% less waste, storage and removal

✓ 90% less water, labour and energy in construction

✓ 75% less Heating and Air Conditioning

✓ 90% less noise and air pollution

✓e.g. cement dust

✓Can meet Zero Carbon &

✓Passivhaus standards

3D Injection

• RDA is a Technology Disruptor exploiting next gen 3D Injection

• Enabling Mass Production of High Quality Modern Housing

• With 20-40% Lower Cost

• Leveraging robotics, new materials & industrial machinery enables RDA to

• Manufacture the side of a building in 45 minutes

• Each wall replaces 9,000+ bricks, 7 tons of sand & cement & 200+ hours;

• With all wiring, plumbing & cladding finished and painted in the factory.

• Our 3D Injection is a high quality solution, generations ahead of 3D Printing.

• We have a short time to mass market of only 6 months.

Merchant Square, London,200 apartments

Plus retail & nursery

Greenwich Creekside, London,249 apartments 23 floors

Modular construction

Greenwich Square, London, 649 apartments

Plus retail and leisure

Vauxhall Square Gardens, London, 237 units & office

PREVIOUS PROJECTS

- A small sample of senior managements’ projects portfolio.

“We take a totally disruptive approach:

By combining existing and new materials;With new machinery and processes;

Enables Mass Manufactureat unprecedented Low Cost.”

TEAM EXPERIENCE

Previous projects over the last 40 years from

50+ houses to

500+ apartmentsincl. high rise towers.

Many projects over10,000 sq m

37,500+ homes builtincluding

6,300+ modular units

Strong track record

£3 billion+ built to date (current values)

The Chairman and Head of Construction enjoy close relationships with large buyers of 100+ homes.

- Very strong interest

- Industry Credibility

PRESS ARTICLES

YAHOO FINANCE

BUSINESS INSIDER

THE BUSINESS

JOURNALS

YOUTUBE CHANNEL

“The race to the bottomi.e. truly disruptive pricing and mass

scaleis the new Technology Arms Race.”

Chief Scientific Officer

We innovate taking maximum advantage of:

- The latest advances in material sciences - taken from Defence and Aerospace;

- Industrial Plant and machinery - adapted from Heavy Industry

- Mass Production, Robotics and Automation - taken from Automotive Manufacturing

WHY RDA?

RISK PROFILE

Manufacturing hard real estate assets is unique Almost Zero Incumbent Low Cost Competition

Focusing on largest shortages & affordable housing High demand and natural isolation from the property cycle

Affordable assets are more liquid and easier to sell Excellent security for raising finance if necessary

SECURITY AVAILABLE

- Disruptive Pricing & Lowest Cost Producer Very High Margins & Excellent Economies of Scale

- Short Time to Mass Market 6 Months Designed for Extreme Volume from day 1

- Interest from Large Buyers Other manufacturers are manual, more expensive & sold out capacity

100s to 1,000s of houses built until sold

All Housing produced and stockpiled

Valuable high tech production equipment

Mortgageable and sellable hard assets

Can be sold as is, or built and sold for higher profit

Can produce more housing and has commercial value

We will file several patent applications for our IP

© Romy Jardine+44 (0) 7745 186 353romy@rda.globalwww.rda.globalBerkeley Square, Mayfair,London W1J 6BD